CN110619865B - Film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance - Google Patents
Film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN110619865B CN110619865B CN201910955693.2A CN201910955693A CN110619865B CN 110619865 B CN110619865 B CN 110619865B CN 201910955693 A CN201910955693 A CN 201910955693A CN 110619865 B CN110619865 B CN 110619865B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides a film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance, which is prepared by filling film bubbles into a soft wrapping material; the film thickness of the film bubble is less than 0.1mm, and the compactness is 0.25-0.99. When sound waves radiate to the surface of the film multi-cavity material, the sound waves cause film vibration in the film small bubbles, the sound is transmitted into the inner small bubble cavities, and the vibration of the small bubble cavities transmits sound energy to the next small bubble cavity. In the transmission process, the films vibrate, the small bubble cavities vibrate, gaps among the small bubble films generate friction and the like, and acoustic energy is converted and dissipated. This multi-mode dissipative acoustic energy imparts broadband sound absorption properties. In the invention, the film small bubbles are used as sound absorption materials, and have the advantages of light weight, wide sources of raw materials, low cost and easy processing; the film multi-cavity material has wide sound absorption frequency band and high sound absorption coefficient, has excellent sound absorption performance compared with the film as a resonance sound absorption material, can be used as a porous material, and has good application prospect in actual noise reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of acoustics, in particular to a film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance.
Background
With the development of society, various machine equipment is created and used, and the world is prosperous. At the same time, however, the use of machines gives noise to people's lives. Noise pollution is causing great harm to the physiological, psychological and surrounding environment of people, and thus noise control is particularly important. The sound absorption treatment method in passive noise control mainly uses sound absorption materials or sound absorption structures to absorb and attenuate incident wave energy to reduce noise intensity. The sound absorbing material is mainly divided into a porous sound absorbing material and a resonance sound absorbing material. Wherein the porous material has wide frequency band and high sound absorption performance, and the resonance sound absorption is narrow-band sound absorption, and the purposes of the two are different. The porous sound absorbing material is wide-frequency band for common noise, so that the porous sound absorbing material is widely and effectively applied to noise reduction, such as various foam and fiber porous materials. Research into sound absorbing materials has been pursuing higher sound absorption coefficients and wider sound absorption bands.
When sound waves enter the porous material pore canal to cause friction between air molecules and the wall surface to consume sound energy, the complex structure of the pore canal shows broadband sound absorption characteristics, and the effect of consuming sound energy is large, so that the porous material has better sound absorption performance. The parameters of the porous material for controlling the sound absorption performance are thickness, porosity, pore diameter and other factors. The larger the thickness is, the better the sound absorption performance is, but the sound absorption performance is not increased beyond a certain thickness (such as more than 100 mm), and the cost is increased; the porosity is in a certain range (such as 0.75-0.95), and the sound absorption performance is good; when the aperture is larger than 1mm, the acoustic resistance is smaller, the sound wave passes through easily and is not absorbed, the sound absorption performance is poor, and when the aperture is smaller than 0.1mm, the acoustic resistance becomes larger, and the sound wave is not easy to enter the material, so that the sound wave is not absorbed, and the sound absorption performance is poor.
The resonance sound-absorbing material mainly forms a resonance cavity, sound enters the cavity through a micropore channel or a film structure, resonance of the cavity is caused to absorb sound, and a typical resonance cavity is a Helmholtz resonance structure. The volume of the cavity is sized to cause resonance at certain fixed frequencies to act as sound absorber, thus being narrowband sound absorber. The micro-perforated plate sound absorber, the film resonance sound absorber and the like are commonly used. The sound absorber of the microperforated panel is characterized in that sound waves enter the rear cavity through micropores on the microperforated panel, so that the cavity is caused to resonate to absorb sound. When the film is used as a sound absorption material, the resonance sound absorption structure is adopted. That is, the film is installed in front of a certain cavity, such as a drum structure, when the sound wave meets the film, the film is caused to vibrate, so that the sound wave is transmitted into the cavity, and the cavity is caused to resonate to absorb sound. The application of resonant sound absorbing materials is limited by the narrow sound absorption band, which requires a cavity to be left.
Research on making the film into materials with wide frequency band and high sound absorption coefficient has not been reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention fills the film small bubbles, such as the shock absorption small bubbles for commercial package, into the wrapping material made of nylon cloth, and forms the usable film multi-cavity material after sealing, which has good sound absorption performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance is characterized in that: the thin film multi-cavity material is made by filling thin film bubbles into a soft wrapping material; the film thickness of the film bubble is less than 0.1mm, and the compactness is 0.25-0.99.
Further preferred, the film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance is characterized in that: the film bubble has a degree of compaction within the wrapper of not less than 0.95.
Further preferred, the film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance is characterized in that: the soft wrapping material is made of a film or porous fiber cloth.
Further preferred, the film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance is characterized in that: the film material is made of plastic or rubber.
Further preferred, the film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance is characterized in that: the diameters of the filled film bubbles can be arbitrarily matched.
Advantageous effects
1. The film small bubbles are used as sound absorption materials, and have the advantages of light weight, wide sources of raw materials, low cost and easy processing;
2. the film multi-cavity material has wide sound absorption frequency band and high sound absorption coefficient, has excellent sound absorption performance compared with the film as a resonance sound absorption material, can be used as a porous material, and has good application prospect in actual noise reduction.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a material profile;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the material.
Fig. 3 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient for a material thickness of 10mm, a porosity of 0.99, and a degree of compaction of 0.30.
Fig. 4 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient for a material thickness of 20mm, a porosity of 0.97, and a degree of compaction of 0.95.
Fig. 5 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient for a material thickness of 30mm, a porosity of 0.98, and a degree of compaction of 0.95.
Fig. 6 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient for a material thickness of 5mm, a porosity of 0.99, and a degree of compaction of 0.17.
Fig. 7 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient for a material thickness of 10mm, a porosity of 0.99, and a degree of compaction of 0.18.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts the closed film small bubbles, and the closed film small bubbles are filled into a certain cavity to form the film multi-cavity material, and the material consists of the film small bubbles. It is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of, the porosity exceeds 97%, the ultra-light sound absorber has wide frequency band sound absorption, and is simple to process and convenient to use.
The sound absorption principle of the film multi-cavity material is as follows: when sound waves radiate to the surface of the film multi-cavity material, firstly, the sound waves cause film vibration in the film small bubbles, the sound is transmitted into the inner small bubble cavities, and the vibration of the small bubble cavities transmits sound energy to the next small bubble cavity. In the transmission process, (1) vibration of the films, (2) vibration of the small bubble cavities, and (3) friction and the like are generated in gaps between the small bubble films, so that acoustic energy can be converted and dissipated. This multi-mode dissipative acoustic energy imparts broadband sound absorption properties.
Unlike conventional closed cell porous materials, such as foamed plastics, the foam also exhibits an internally closed cell structure, but forms an integral cell-linked structure, the skeleton structure, rather than a separate single cell structure, which causes vibration of the foam skeleton when acoustic waves are radiated to the surface of the foam. In addition, as is known from the basic principle of acoustics, the acoustic impedance (c—the product of the material density and the sound velocity of sound in the material) of the surface of the material is greatly different from that of air, which is called impedance mismatch, in which case the sound wave is mostly reflected, the sound wave entering the interior of the material is less, the surface characteristic impedance of the closed cell foam is greatly different from that of air, so that the sound wave enters the foam less, and therefore, the sound absorption performance of the closed cell foam is poor, and the closed cell foam is generally used as a heat-insulating and sound-insulating material, but not as a sound absorbing material.
The main factors influencing the sound absorption performance of the film multi-cavity material are as follows: film thickness, porosity, volume of film bubbles, material thickness, gap between bubbles (which may be expressed in terms of compactness), and the like. The thinner the film thickness is, the better the low-frequency sound absorption is, and light and thin bubbles are generally selected; the porosity is related to the volume of the bubbles, the greater the porosity. The larger the thickness of the film multi-cavity material is, the better the middle-low frequency sound absorption performance is, but the sound absorption performance cannot be increased when the thickness is too large, and the sound absorption performance is not good when the thickness is too small. Therefore, the same thickness has a certain preferable range. The smaller the gap between the bubbles, the greater the ability to block sound waves, because the better the sound absorption performance. If the gaps between the bubbles are large, the sound waves can easily pass through, the dissipation effect on the sound waves is small, and the sound absorption effect is small. The thin film small bubbles are generally prepared from soft and tough materials such as plastics, rubber and the like, so that the thin film small bubbles can deform to a certain extent under the action of external force, and the requirement of small gaps among the bubbles can be met by pressing the small bubbles in a certain cavity. The gap between the bubbles can be expressed in terms of compactness, i.e. the volume of the bubbles is a percentage of the total volume of the material. The greater the degree of compaction, the smaller the gaps between the bubbles, and in theory the better the sound absorption properties, and conversely the worse the sound absorption properties.
According to the principle, through theoretical analysis, simulation calculation and actual tests, the film thickness of the film multi-cavity material provided by the invention is smaller than 0.1mm, the porosity is larger than 97%, the diameter of small bubbles is 1 mm-100 mm, the thickness of the prepared film multi-cavity sound absorption material is 5 mm-200 mm, and the compactness is 0.25-0.99, wherein the compactness is the primary control factor of the film multi-cavity sound absorption material.
The film for preparing the small bubbles can be made of plastics, rubber and other materials, the shape of the film bubbles can be random, and the diameters of the filled film bubbles can be matched randomly; the external wrapping material is soft and light and thin, and can be a film or porous fiber cloth, and small bubbles are filled into the external wrapping cloth to be tightly pressed. By adopting the design thought, the film multi-cavity material with excellent sound absorption performance can be prepared. The film multi-cavity material can be used as an open porous material and has the characteristic of broadband sound absorption. In addition, small bubbles can be filled into a certain hard wall cavity, and the sound absorption effect can be achieved.
Schematic diagrams of the prepared film multi-cavity material are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Examples of the invention are given below:
embodiment one: the outer wrapping layer is sewn by using 420T (420T is nylon cloth mark, 420 refers to the sum of warp and weft yarns in each inch of fabric), the diameter of the outer wrapping layer is 99mm, the diameter of a thin film small bubble is 25mm, the thickness of the material is 10mm, the porosity is 0.99, the compactness is 0.30, and the measured sound absorption curve is shown in figure 3. It can be seen that the initial sound absorption frequency is about 994Hz and the low frequency sound absorption performance in the material is poor. Average sound absorption coefficient in the range of 0-1600 Hz: 0.24. it can be seen that the film multi-cavity material of this parameter has a broader sound absorption band but a smaller average sound absorption coefficient.
Embodiment two: the outer wrapping layer is sewn by using 420T nylon cloth, the diameter of the outer wrapping layer is 99mm, the diameter of the thin film small bubble is 25mm, the thickness of the material is 20mm, the porosity is 0.97, the compactness is 0.95, and the measured sound absorption curve is shown in figure 4. When the thickness of the material is 20mm, the peak sound absorption coefficient of the material is 1, the peak frequency is about 830Hz, the initial sound absorption frequency is about 380Hz, and the average sound absorption coefficient is in the range of 0-1600 Hz: 0.59. it can be seen that the film multi-cavity material of this parameter has the characteristics of broad frequency and high sound absorption coefficient.
Embodiment III: the outer wrapping layer is sewn by using 420T nylon cloth, the diameter of the outer wrapping layer is 99mm, the diameter of the thin film small bubble is 25mm, the thickness of the material is 30mm, the porosity is 0.98, the compactness is 0.95, and the measured sound absorption curve is shown in figure 5. When the thickness of the material is 30mm, the peak sound absorption coefficient of the material is 1, the peak frequency is about 776Hz, the initial sound absorption frequency is about 320Hz, and the average sound absorption coefficient is in the range of 0-1600 Hz: 0.69. it can be seen that the film multi-cavity material of this parameter has the characteristics of broad frequency and high sound absorption coefficient. This sound absorption feature is very similar to open cell porous materials.
If the gaps between the small bubbles produced are large, the sound absorption performance of this structure is poor. As shown in the examples below.
Embodiment four: the outer wrapping layer is sewn by using 420T nylon cloth, the diameter of the outer wrapping layer is 99mm, the diameter of the thin film small air bubbles is 5mm, the thickness of the material is 5mm, the porosity is 0.99, the compactness is 0.17, and the measured sound absorption curve is shown in fig. 6. When the material thickness is 5mm, the average sound absorption coefficient in the range of 0-1600 Hz is 0.15. Materials having a sound absorption coefficient greater than 0.2 are generally known in the industry as sound absorbing materials. The initial sound absorption frequency was 1220Hz, i.e. only beyond this frequency was there was sound absorption, so it was almost sound absorption at medium and low frequencies. Only in the range of 1220-1600 Hz has sound absorption effect, the sound absorption coefficient is about 0.4 at 1600Hz, and it can be seen that the structural parameter film multi-cavity material is thinner, the average sound absorption coefficient is very small, so the sound absorption performance is very poor.
Fifth embodiment: the outer wrapping layer is sewn by using 420T nylon cloth, the diameter of the outer wrapping layer is 99mm, the diameter of the small air bubbles of the film is 5mm, the thickness of the material is 10mm, the porosity is 0.99, the compactness is 0.18, and the measured sound absorption curve is shown in figure 7. When the material thickness is 10mm, the average sound absorption coefficient in the range of 0-1600 Hz is 0.18, the initial sound absorption frequency is 1160Hz, and the sound absorption performance is poor as well as the basic sound absorption curve compared with the four embodiments. The difference in the parameters is that the thickness of the material in the fifth embodiment is 10mm, and the other parameters are substantially the same, so it can be seen that the distance between the bubbles is large when the compactness is small, the sound wave easily passes through, and the sound absorption effect of the bubbles is poor although the thickness is increased. Therefore, at small compactibility, other parameter effects cannot be used, which is a key factor. Table 1 shows the results of several sets of experimental tests of parameters and sound absorption properties for low-solidity film multi-cavity materials.
Table 1 sound absorption properties of low solidity film multi-cavity materials
As can be seen from table 1, when the degree of compaction is less than 0.20, the film multi-cavity material has poor sound absorption performance regardless of other parameters; when the degree of compaction is greater than 25%, the average sound absorption is greater than 0.2, and therefore, the degree of compaction should be determined first when preparing the film multi-cavity material.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A film multi-cavity material having excellent sound absorption properties, characterized in that: the thin film multi-cavity material is made by filling thin film bubbles into a soft wrapping material; the film thickness of the film bubble is smaller than 0.1mm, the porosity is larger than 97%, the diameter of the film bubble is 1 mm-100 mm, the thickness of the prepared film multi-cavity sound absorption material is 5 mm-200 mm, the compactness is 0.25-0.99, and the compactness refers to the percentage of the volume of the bubble to the total volume of the material;
when sound waves radiate to the surface of the film multi-cavity material, the sound waves cause film vibration in the film small bubbles, the sound is transmitted into the inner small bubble cavities, and the vibration of the small bubble cavities transmits sound energy to the next small bubble cavity; during the transfer process, acoustic energy is converted to dissipate by vibration of the membranes, vibration of the small bubble cavities, and gap friction between the small bubble membranes.
2. A film multi-cavity material having excellent sound absorption properties according to claim 1, wherein: the film bubble has a degree of compaction within the wrapper of not less than 0.95.
3. A film multi-cavity material having excellent sound absorption properties according to claim 1, wherein: the soft wrapping material is made of a film or porous fiber cloth.
4. A film multi-cavity material having excellent sound absorption properties according to claim 1, wherein: the film material is made of plastic or rubber.
5. A film multi-cavity material having excellent sound absorption properties according to claim 1, wherein: the diameters of the filled film bubbles can be arbitrarily matched.
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| CN112669800B (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2024-09-10 | 西北工业大学 | Film-porous material composite structure with efficient sound absorption performance |
| CN114139411B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-04-02 | 西安交通大学 | Method for enhancing low-frequency broadband sound absorption performance through soft material |
| CN114446271B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2024-08-16 | 西安交通大学 | Sub-wavelength multi-slit sound absorption super structure with broadband sound absorption performance |
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