CN110582348A - 对被传输通过其中的材料进行处理和调节的设备 - Google Patents
对被传输通过其中的材料进行处理和调节的设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110582348A CN110582348A CN201880028349.2A CN201880028349A CN110582348A CN 110582348 A CN110582348 A CN 110582348A CN 201880028349 A CN201880028349 A CN 201880028349A CN 110582348 A CN110582348 A CN 110582348A
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- Prior art keywords
- reactor tube
- reactor
- tube according
- baffles
- grid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有特定设计的设备,其用于处理被传输通过其中的材料。
Description
本发明涉及一种具有特定设计的设备,其用于处理被传输通过其中的材料。
根据本发明的设备(=反应器管)可用作被传输通过其中的流体或流化材料的混合器或热交换器。该设备还可用于在均质和异质条件下进行化学反应。
炔烃的选择性氢化是生产精细化学品(例如维生素、芳香化合物等)的重要反应。如今,这些氢化通常在不连续操作的淤浆反应器中进行。反应后催化剂的处理及其分离会极大地限制方法的效率。此外,搅拌容器中的不连续生产受到停滞时间、安全问题和低表面体积比的影响。为了克服这些缺点,用于多相催化氢化的结构化管式反应器是潜在的解决方案。它们结合了良好的混合、高的气体分散性和低压降,并具有如下的优势:规则形状的几何形状和增加的用于催化剂载体和热交换的表面积。
新设备(反应管)在管内有非常特殊的布置。这可以改善反应条件。
反应器管具有用于处理流过该反应器管的流体的入口端和出口端,在反应器管中沿流动方向串联布置有多个格栅结构以混合流体,其中每个格栅结构由三组平行隔板,它们以(规则)多边形形式的流动横截面限制流动通道,并且其中相邻格栅结构的隔板组相对于彼此偏移和/或旋转。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT),其具有用于处理流过该反应器管的流体的入口端和出口端,在反应器管中沿流动方向串联布置有多个格栅结构用于混合流体,其中每个栅格结构由三组平行隔板组成,这些隔板以(规则)多边形形式的流动横截面限制流动通道,并且其中相邻栅格结构的隔板组相对于彼此偏移和/或旋转。
作为该专利申请的一部分的附图示出了根据本发明的反应器管。
可以使用公知技术来制造根据本发明的设备。例如,它可以通过选择性激光烧结(SLS)来生产,该方法在US 5'639'070、US 5'732'323和US 6'676'892中进行了描述,或者通过电子束熔化(EBM)进行生产。
也使用计算机辅助设计(CAD)。
此外,打印的结构(其优选为金属)允许明显更好的热传导,并且还提供打印组合的反应器-热交换器单元的可能性。该结构可以通过打印以“一件”形式创建,而不必具有需要固定在一起的多个部分(可能存在泄漏和压降)。
根据本发明,可以通过该方法使用的材料是钢(例如不锈钢(例如17-4或EOSStainlessSteel GP1))或马氏体时效钢(例如EOS MaragingSteel MS1)、TitaniumTi6Al4V、Titanium Ti6Al4V ELI、Titanium Grade 2、钴铬合金(例如CoCr MP1)、ASTMF75。根据本发明,可以通过EBM方法使用的其他材料是铝化钛、铬镍铁合金(inconel)(625和718)、不锈钢(例如17-4)、工具钢(例如H13)、铝(例如6061)、硬质金属(例如NiWC)、铜(例如GRCop-84)、铍(例如AlBeMet)、非晶态金属、铌。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT'),其是这样的反应器管(RT),其中反应器管由如下制成:钢(例如不锈钢(例如17-4)或EOS StainlessSteel GP1)或马氏体时效钢(例如EOS MaragingSteel MS1)、Titanium Ti6Al4V、Titanium Ti6Al4V ELI、Titanium Grade2、钴铬合金(例如CoCr MP1)、ASTM F75、铝化钛、铬镍铁合金(625和718)、工具钢(例如H13)、铝(例如6061)、硬质金属(例如NiWC)、铜(例如GRCop-84)、铍(例如AlBeMet)、非晶态金属或铌。
设备(反应器管)的三角形结构具有增加的表面积(更大的催化表面),改善的分散质量和减小的压降。它的几何形状具有低的面积与周长之比(体积与表面之比),此外,减小了轴向开口横截面的变化,使流体的加速和减速最小化,从而减小压降。
类似于整体反应器,三角形通道沿轴向延伸(见图1)。与具有横动通道的整体反应器不同,三角形结构由三角形通道的径向平移层组成。这种布置允许径向混合并使层之间的气泡破裂,同时保持开口横截面积恒定。
在一个优选的实施方式中,该层和内三角形边长一样长,并且总共3个层(A-B-C层)形成一个周期性单元,此后重复该分层(layering)(见图1)。
在一个优选的实施方式中,对于反应器管的每组平行隔板,相邻隔板等距间隔开。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT1),其是这样的反应器管(RT)或(RT’),其中对于每组平行隔板,相邻隔板等距间隔开。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的反应器管的三组平行隔板在每种情况下以120度的角度相交,并且所述隔板以等边三角形形式的流动横截面限制流动通道。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT2),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')或(RT1),其中三组平行隔板在每种情况下以120度的角度相交,并且所述隔板以等边三角形形式的流动横截面限制流动通道。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的反应器管的格栅结构在流动方向上的长度大致对应于等边三角形的边长。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT3),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)或(RT2),其中,格栅结构在流动方向上的长度大致对应于等边三角形的边长。
在一个优选的实施方式中,对于相邻栅格结构的隔板组,根据本发明的反应器管的格栅结构的长度在垂直于隔板之一的平面方向上相对于彼此偏移。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT4),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)或(RT3),其中相邻栅格结构的隔板组在垂直于隔板之一的平面方向上相对于彼此偏移。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的反应器管的相邻格栅结构的隔板组相对于彼此旋转60度的角度。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT5),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)或(RT4),其中相邻格栅结构的隔板组相对于彼此旋转60度的角度。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的反应器管的栅格结构的取向周期性地重复。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT6),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)或(RT5),其中栅格结构的取向周期性地重复。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的反应器管的格栅结构的取向在每三个格栅结构之后重复。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT7),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)或(RT6),其中格栅结构的取向在每三个格栅结构之后重复。
在一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的反应器管的格栅结构是挤压部件。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT8),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)或(RT7),其中所述格栅结构是挤压部件。
在一个优选的实施方式中,在串联布置的三个栅格结构中的两个栅格结构中,反应器管的中心轴线穿过多边形之一的中间,并且在第三栅格结构中,它穿过隔板。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT9),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)或(RT8),其中在串联布置的三个栅格结构中的两个栅格中,反应管的中心轴线穿过多边形之一的中间,并且在第三栅格结构中,它穿过隔板。
根据本发明的反应器管的整体尺寸可以变化。这也是该设备的优点,即其可以容易地适配预期用途的需求。
反应器管的合适(也是优选)尺寸如下:
反应管的内管直径为1至100毫米(优选10至50毫米,更优选10至30毫米)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT10),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)或(RT9),其中管式反应器的内管直径为1-100mm(优选10-50mm,更优选10-30mm)。
反应器管的总长度为100-2000mm(优选100-1000mm,更优选100-500mm)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT11),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9)或(RT10),其中反应器管的总长度为100-2000mm(优选100-1000mm,更优选100-500mm)。
反应器管的内三角形边长(在图1中标记为a)为1-10mm(优选1-5mm,更优选2-3mm)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT12),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9)、(RT10)或(RT11),其中反应器管的内三角形边长为1-10mm,(优选1-5mm,更优选2-3mm)。
反应器管的三角形高度(在图1中标记为b)为1-10mm(优选为1-5mm,更优选为2-3mm)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT13),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9),(RT10),(RT11)或(RT12),其中反应器管的三角形高度为1-10mm,(优选1-5mm,更优选2-3mm)。
反应器管的周期性单位长度为3-30mm(优选6-20mm,更优选6-9mm)。优选的周期单位长度是三角形高度的3倍。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT14),其是反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9)、(RT10)、(RT11)、(RT12)或(RT13),其中反应器管的周期性单位长度为3-30mm(优选6-20mm,更优选6-9mm)。
反应器管的孔隙率为65-85%(优选70-80%,更优选72-78%)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT15),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9)、(RT10)、(RT11)、(RT12)、(RT13)或(RT14),其中反应管的孔隙率为65-85%(优选70-80%,更优选72-78%)。
反应器管可以一件式生产。许多现有的反应器管是多段式反应器管(这意味着一个相同的部件被放在一起几次)。反应管可以例如通过打印方法生产。现有技术中已知的任何其他方法也可以用于生产反应器管。
因此,本发明还涉及一种生产反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9)、(RT10)、(RT11)、(RT12)、(RT13)、(RT14)或(RT15)中的任意一个的方法,其中反应器是一件式生产的(例如通过打印)。
此外,根据本发明的反应器管内部的栅格结构可以涂有氧化物底层和催化剂层。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT16),其是这样的反应器管(RT)、(RT')、(RT1)、(RT2)、(RT3)、(RT4)、(RT5)、(RT6)、(RT7)、(RT8)、(RT9)、(RT10)、(RT11)、(RT12)、(RT13)、(RT14)或(RT15),其中反应管内部的栅格结构涂有氧化物底层和催化剂层。
由于这种涂层,反应器管对特定的化学反应(尤其是氢化过程)显示出改进的催化性能。
涂布栅格结构的氧化物底层是非酸性的(最好是碱性或两性的)。合适的非酸性金属氧化物层包含ZnO、CeO2、Cr2O3、MnO、MgO、CuO或Al2O3。
优选地,氧化物底层包含ZnO和任选地至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Cr、Ce、Mn、Mg、Cu和Al。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT17),其是这样的反应器管(RT16),其中氧化物底层是非酸性的(优选碱性的或两性的)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT18),其是这样的反应器管(RT16)或(RT17),其中氧化物底层包含ZnO、CeO2、Cr2O3、MnO、MgO、CuO或Al2O3。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT19),其是这样的反应器管(RT16)、(RT17)或(RT18),其中氧化物底层包含ZnO和任选地至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Cr、Ce、Mn、Mg、Zn、Cu和Al(优选Cr、Ce、Mn、Zn、Cu和Al)。
反应器管的金属合金的涂布是通过公知的方法进行的,例如浸涂。
通常,基于反应器管的总重量,本发明的反应器管包含0.001重量%至3.0重量%,优选0.01重量%至2.5重量%,更优选0.1重量%至2.0重量%的ZnO。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT20),其是这样的反应器管(RT16)、(RT17)、(RT18)或(RT19),其中基于反应器管的总重量,本发明的反应器管包含0.001至3.0重量%,优选0.01至2.5重量%,更优选0.1至2.0重量%的ZnO。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,非酸性金属氧化物层包含ZnO和至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中金属选自Cr、Ce、Mn、Mg、Zn、Cu和Al(优选Cr、Ce、Mn、Zn、Cu和Al)。
在本发明的一个更优选的实施方式中,非酸性金属氧化物层包含ZnO和Al2O3。
当使用ZnO和Al2O3的混合物时,ZnO:Al2O3的(摩尔)比优选为2:1至1:2。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT21),其是这样的反应器管(RT16)、(RT17)、(RT18)、(RT19)或(RT20),其中非酸性金属氧化物层包含ZnO和Al2O3。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT21′),其是这样的反应器管(RT21),其中ZnO:Al2O3的比例为2:1至1:2。
还优选地,氧化物底层包含CeO2和任选地至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Zn、Cr、Mn、Mg、Cu和Al。
通常,基于反应器管的总重量,本发明的管式反应器包含0.001重量%至3.0重量%、优选0.01重量%至2.5重量%、更优选0.1重量%至2.0重量%的CeO2。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT22),其是这样的反应器管(RT16)、(RT17)或(RT18),其中氧化物底层包含CeO2和任选的至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Zn、Cr、Mn、Mg、Cu和Al。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT23),其是这样的反应器管(RT22),其中基于反应器管的总重量,该管式反应器包含0.001至3.0重量%、优选0.01重量%至2.5重量%、更优选0.1重量%至2.0重量%的CeO2。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,非酸性金属氧化物底层包含CeO2和至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Zn、Cr、Ce、Mn、Mg、Cu和Al。
在本发明的一个更优选的实施方式中,非酸性金属氧化物底层包含CeO2和Al2O3。
当使用CeO2和Al2O3的混合物时,优选CeO2:Al2O3的(摩尔)比为2:1至1:2。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT24),其是这样的反应器管(RT22)或(RT23),其中基于反应器管的总重量,反应器管包含0.001重量%至3重量%、优选0.01重量%至2.5重量%、更优选0.1重量%至2.0重量%的CeO2和至少一种其他金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Zn、Cr、Ce、Mn、Mg、Cu和Al。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT25),其是这样的反应器管(RT22)、(RT23)或(RT24),其中非酸性金属氧化物底层包含CeO2和Al2O3。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT25′),其是这样的反应器管(RT25),其中CeO2:Al2O3的(摩尔)比为2:1至1:2。
在本发明的另一个更优选的实施方式中,非酸性金属氧化物底层包含CeO2和ZnO。
当使用CeO2和ZnO的混合物时,优选CeO2:ZnO的比例为2:1至1:2。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT26),其是这样的反应器管(RT22)、(RT23)或(RT24),其中非酸性金属氧化物底漆层包含CeO2和Al2O3。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT26′),其是这样的反应器管(RT26),其中CeO2:ZnO的比例为2:1至1:2。
如此涂布的一个或多个元件然后被Pd纳米颗粒浸渍。通过通常已知的方法,即,通过使用PdCl2作为前体,然后将其通过氢还原来合成纳米颗粒。
也可以使用这样的方法,其中通过包括超声处理步骤的方法,使金属合金被Pd-纳米颗粒浸渍。超声处理是施加声能以搅动样品中的颗粒的行为。通常使用超声频率(>20kHz),导致该过程也称为超声处理或超级声处理。
通常使用超声波浴或超声波探头进行涂覆。
这样的过程通常(并且优选)包括以下步骤:
(a)制备Pd盐水溶液,可选地加入聚乙二醇
(b)加热步骤(a)的溶液并使溶液超声处理
(c)向Pd溶液中加入还原剂,优选甲酸盐溶液。
(d)添加金属氧化物粉末
(e)将步骤(d)中获得的悬浮液过滤并干燥
在下面的过程中,涉及超声处理步骤的步骤将在下面更详细地讨论:
步骤(a)
将Pd盐溶于水(或水性溶剂,这意味着将水与至少一种其他溶剂混合)。
可以使用任何通常已知且使用的Pd盐。合适的盐是PdCl2或Na2PdCl4。它可以是一种Pd盐,也可以是两种或更多种Pd盐的混合物。
此外,向溶液中添加至少一种表面活性剂是有利的。
合适的是例如聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)或葡糖酰胺。
步骤(b)
通常将该步骤的溶液加热至高温。通常不会加热到像溶剂(或所用溶剂混合物)沸点那样的较高温度。
通常将其加热到30-80℃之间的温度。
超声处理通常在30-50kHz的频率下进行。
超声处理的持续时间通常至少为10分钟,优选超过20分钟(合适的优选范围是30-120分钟)。超声处理持续时间的最大长度并不关键。
超声处理步骤可以通过使用超声波浴或浸没探针来进行。甚至两种方法都可以结合使用。
步骤(c)
向步骤(b)的溶液中添加还原剂。通常是甲酸钠溶液。但也可以使用其他甲酸盐(或甲酸盐的混合物)。
任选地(代替或另外地),也可以添加氢气、L-抗坏血酸和/或甲酸。
步骤(d)
向步骤(c)的溶液中加入金属氧化物粉末(或金属氧化物粉末的混合物)。通常搅拌反应混合物。
步骤(e)
最后,将步骤(d)的悬浮液过滤,通常将获得的掺杂金属氧化物粉末洗涤并干燥。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT27),其是这样的反应器管(RT16)、(RT17)、(RT18)、(RT19)、(RT20)、(RT21)、(RT21')、(RT22)、(RT23)、(RT24)、(RT25)、(RT25')、(RT26)或(RT26'),其中非酸性金属氧化物底层被Pd纳米颗粒浸渍。
通常,在非酸性金属氧化物底层上的Pd纳米颗粒的平均粒径为0.5至20nm,优选为2至15nm,更优选为5至12nm。(平均粒径可以通过电子显微镜法测量)。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT28),其是这样的反应器管(RT27),其中Pd纳米颗粒的平均粒径为0.5至20nm,优选为2至15nm,更优选为2至15nm。
基于反应器管的总重量,根据本发明的反应器管包含0.0001-1重量%、优选0.001-0.1重量%的Pd-纳米颗粒。
因此,本发明涉及一种反应器管(RT29),其是这样的反应器管(RT27)或(RT28),其中基于反应器管的总重量,反应器包含0.0001至1重量%、优选在0.001至0.1重量%的Pd-纳米颗粒。
在一个优选的实施方式中,反应器管被设计用作混合器或热交换器或用于单相和多相化学反应的连续处理,例如快速、放热、混合敏感或温度敏感的反应。反应器管提供了反应物的快速混合以及极大提高的热传递。反应器的特定设计对于确保良好的热传递和非常高的机械稳定性至关重要。这使得有可能进行高温和高压处理。
对于通常在化工厂中使用的常规间歇式反应器,可以通过搅拌器的旋转速度来控制能量耗散。对于连续系统,只能更改与停留时间及其分布直接有关的流量。与间歇式反应器相比,这种相关性是不利的,但是可以通过借助于计算流体动力学(CFD)设计的多孔元件的明确定义的几何形状来处理,这些多孔元件然后例如通过上面提到的SLS方法来制造。
在图3中,示出了实验设置的简化方案。可以看出如何使用根据本发明的反应器管。
有机分子中官能团的氢化是快速多相放热反应的例子。此类反应是可用于有机合成的环境可接受的反应路线的一部分。例如,前体,即维生素A和维生素E的中间体,是通过三种主要类型的反应生产的。其中之一是催化选择性氢化,一种多相(即三相)反应,其中反应混合物包括液相、不溶解的固体催化相和气相。
特别地,本发明的涂布并掺杂有Pd-纳米颗粒的反应器管用于有机原料,特别是包含碳-碳三键的有机原料,特别是炔醇化合物的选择性催化氢化。
因此,本发明还涉及反应器管(RT28)、(RT29)或(RT30)在有机原料,特别是包含碳-碳三键的有机原料,更特别是炔醇化合物的选择性催化加氢中的用途。
因此,本发明还涉及使用反应器管(RT28)、(RT29)或(RT30)使式(I)化合物反应的方法(P),
其中
R1是直链或支链C1-C35烷基或直链或支链C5-C35烯基片段,其中C链可被取代,并且
R2是直链或支链C1-C4烷基,其中C链可被取代,
R3是H或-C(CO)C1-C4烷基。
优选地,本发明涉及使用根据本发明的反应器管使式(I)化合物反应的方法,
其中
R1是直链或支链C1-C35烷基或直链或支链C5-C35烯基片段,其中C链可被取代,并且
R2是直链或支链C1-C4烷基,其中C链可被取代,
R3是H或-C(CO)C1-C4烷基。
因此,本发明还涉及使用反应器管(RT28)、(RT29)或(RT30)使式(I)化合物反应的方法(P1),
其中
R1是直链或支链C1-C35烷基或直链或支链C5-C35烯基片段,其中C链可被取代,并且
R2是直链或支链C1-C4烷基,其中C链可被取代,
R3是H或-C(CO)C1-C4烷基。
氢气通常以H2气体形式使用。
因此,本发明还涉及一种方法)(P2),其是这样的方法(P)或(P1),其中氢气以H2气体形式使用。
如下是优选的式(I)化合物:
因此,本发明还涉及一种方法(P3),其是这样的方法(P)、(P1)或(P2),其中下列化合物被选择性氢化:
附图
图1:左)三角形结构和管道的视图。
右)三角形结构的六边形单元元件(Unit Cell)。
图2:现有技术的结构化反应器的视图(用于比较)
图3:实验设置的简化方案。(1)泵,(2)电加热器,(3)氢气罐,(4)静态混合器,(5)显示元件,(6)结构化反应器,(7)气液分离器,(8)废气冷却器,(9)氮气罐。
下列实施例用于说明本发明。除非另外说明,所有百分比均与重量有关,温度以摄氏度为单位。
实施例
实施例1:反应管的制造
所描述的反应器(下面列出了确切的尺寸)是通过激光烧结技术制备的。反应器调谐器是由EOS Maraging Steel(来自EOS GmbH)生产的。利用这种技术,可以在计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件中设计几乎每种形状的三维结构,然后将其作为一个部件制造。这是通过如下来完成的:沉积一层金属粉末,将能量引导到与CAD模型相对应的选定位置上以对其进行烧结,然后再沉积新的一层,然后再次开始该过程,如例如在US 5,639,070、US 5'732'323和US 6'676'892中所述的。
反应管的尺寸(具有三角形结构):
·内管直径:14毫米
·总结构长度:202.86毫米(28个周期单位)
·内三角形边长:2.415毫米
·三角形高度:2.415毫米
·周期性单元长度:7.245毫米(3x三角形高度)
·孔隙率:76.6%
催化剂和基底层涂布结构的制备
将该三角形结构在450℃下进行热预处理3小时。为了制备底涂溶液,将Ce(NO3)3·6H2O(508mmol)和700mL水加入到烧杯中。用搅拌棒搅拌混合物直至盐完全溶解。将该溶液加热至90℃,并将ZnO(508mmol)缓慢加入该溶液中。在90℃下保持搅拌并滴加65%硝酸,直到所有ZnO完全溶解(最终CHNO3=1M)。之后,将溶液冷却至室温,并通过0.45μm的膜过滤器过滤。ZnO/CeO2的沉积是通过用50mL底涂溶液冲洗经过热预处理的三角形结构的内部来进行的。然后,将结构在60℃、125毫巴下干燥2小时,然后在450摄氏度下煅烧1小时。重复该过程3次。将四氯钯(II)酸钠(0.32mmol)溶于96mL Millipore水中,并加入PEG-MS40(2mmol)。将该溶液加热至60℃,并在该温度下开始超声处理。之后,添加新鲜制备的甲酸钠溶液(16mM,48mL)。在该温度下将溶液进一步超声处理60分钟,然后冷却至室温。将所得溶液在垂直位置冲洗通过该三角形结构四次,直至溶液几乎无色。然后将结构化反应器在40℃减压干燥2小时。在H2-Ar流(1:9;总流速-450ml/min)下,在300℃下对该结构进行温度处理4h(温度梯度-10°/min)。
使用反应器管进行选择性加氢反应
使用如上所述制备的反应器管(实施例1),并且氢化过程的布置可见图3。
在典型的氢化实验中,液相(10wt%的2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-醇(MBY),90wt%的2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇(MBE))在系统中高速循环并加热,以达到所需的反应温度。电加热器由一块装有两个加热盒(每个400W)的黄铜块组成。通过PID温度控制器控制在加热器的出口的温度。背压调节器控制反应器入口处的压力。在压力和温度稳定之后,将流量调节至所需值,并从外部储罐提供纯氢气(流量=1nL/min)。一旦在显示元件中看到氢气泡,就立即关闭阀门V5,同时打开阀门V6(方案3)。在进入反应器之前,将气相和液相在静态混合器(长度=200mm,直径=14mm,孔隙率=87%)中进行预混合。将废气与液体分离,并用冷却水将其冷却以冷凝最终的有机蒸气。三角形结构是隔热的,以最大程度地减少热损失。每次实验后,清空装置并用氮气冲洗。通过手动阀按规定的时间间隔抽取液体样品,并使用GC-450气相色谱仪进行分析。
为了显示新反应器管的改进性能,进行了与来自现有技术的反应器管(WO2010/142806)的对比测试。用于对比测试的反应管以相同的方式生产,并且也以与新的反应管相同的方式涂布。
表1:反应以连续模式进行(以评估活性);压力变化
反应条件:气体流速:1nL/min,液体流速:10kg/h,反应温度:90℃
可以看出,新反应器管的活性得到了显著改善。
表2:反应以连续模式进行(以评估活性);反应温度变化
反应条件:气体流速:1nL/min,液体流速:10kg/h,压力7bar
可以看出,新反应器管的活性得到了显著改善。
表3:反应以半间歇模式运行(以评估选择性)
反应条件:80℃,4bar h,气体流速:0.7nL/min,液体流速:70kg/h
可以看出,转化率和选择性都提高了(在较短的反应时间下)。
Claims (15)
1.反应器管,其具有用于处理流过所述反应器管的流体的入口端和出口端,在反应器管中沿流动方向串联布置有多个格栅结构,用于混合所述流体,其中每个格栅结构由以(规则)多边形形式的流动横截面限制流动通道的三组平行隔板组成,并且其中相邻格栅结构的隔板组相对于彼此偏移和/或旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的反应器管,其特征在于,在每组平行隔板中,相邻隔板等距间隔开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述三组平行隔板在每种情况下以120度的角度相交,并且所述隔板以等边三角形形式的流动横截面限制流动通道。
4.根据权利要求3所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述格栅结构在流动方向上的长度大致对应于所述等边三角形的边长。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的反应器管,其特征在于,相邻格栅结构的隔板组在垂直于所述隔板之一的平面的方向上相对于彼此偏移。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的反应器管,其特征在于,相邻格栅结构的隔板组相对于彼此旋转60度的角度。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述格栅结构的取向周期性地重复。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述格栅结构的取向在每三个格栅结构之后重复。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器管,其中,所述反应器管的三角形高度为1-10mm,(优选1-5mm,更优选2-3mm)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器管,其中,所述反应器管的周期性单位长度是3-30mm(优选地6-20mm,更优选地6-9mm)。优选的周期性单位长度是三角形高度的3倍。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器管,其特征在于,在串联布置的三个格栅结构中的两个中,所述反应器管的中心轴线穿过两个隔板的相交线,并且在第三格栅结构中,所述反应器管的中心轴线穿过一个多边形的中间。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述格栅结构涂覆有氧化物底层和催化剂层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述底层是包含氧化铈和氧化锌的混合氧化物。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的反应器管,其特征在于,所述催化剂层包含钯纳米颗粒。
15.氢化反应器,其特征在于,多个根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的反应器管。
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