CN110546182B - 脂族热塑性聚氨酯及其制备和用途 - Google Patents
脂族热塑性聚氨酯及其制备和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110546182B CN110546182B CN201880025989.8A CN201880025989A CN110546182B CN 110546182 B CN110546182 B CN 110546182B CN 201880025989 A CN201880025989 A CN 201880025989A CN 110546182 B CN110546182 B CN 110546182B
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- aliphatic
- light
- glycol
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- thermoplastic polyurethane
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有改善的起霜行为、良好的耐热性和快速的工业可加工性的脂族的、耐光照的热塑性聚氨酯及其制备和用途。
Description
本发明涉及具有改善的风化性能、良好的耐热性和快速的工业可加工性的脂族的、耐光照的热塑性聚氨酯及其制备和用途。
热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)由于其良好的弹性性能和热塑性可加工性而具有重要的工业意义。关于TPU的制备、性能和应用的综述例如在塑料手册[G. Becker, D. Braun],第7册,"Polyurethane",慕尼黑,维也纳,Carl Hanser Verlag, 1983中给出。
TPU大都由线性多元醇(大分子二醇(Makrodiolen)),例如聚酯-、聚醚-或聚碳酸酯二醇,有机二异氰酸酯和短链的、大都为双官能的醇(增链剂)构建。它们可以连续或不连续地来制备。最著名的制备方法是带式法(GB-A 1 057 018)和挤出机法(DE 19 64 834A1)。
热塑性聚氨酯的构建可以逐步地进行(预聚物计量加入法)或通过所有反应性组分同时反应地进行(一锅计量加入法)。
在制备基于1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)的脂族热塑性聚氨酯时,形成环状的低聚氨基甲酸酯,由于其特定的结晶行为,其与聚合物基质的相容性较小,并因此由于迁移而导致在工件上形成白垩状干扰性表面覆层。此现象例如描述于DE 102 06 839 A1中。已经表明,在用水蒸汽饱和的环境中在室温(100天)下或在60℃下28天的测试贮存不能提供关于长期行为的足够的信息。因此,进行额外加速的水存储测试,以能够更好地估计在较长的时间尺度上的起霜行为。
为了改进起霜行为,在EP 1 854 818 A1中使用分子量为104-500 g/mol的特定增链剂。这些增链剂通过二醇与ɛ-己内酯的反应获得。建议不要使用特定的长链二异氰酸酯,因为基于HDI的TPU由于良好的热稳定性、良好的机械性能和加工后的快速固化,特别适合于制备耐光照应用的TPU部件(例如汽车领域、手表和健身跟踪器的腕带、智能电话外壳等)。
然而,已经表明,在使用低聚增链剂二醇的情况下基于HDI的脂族热塑性聚氨酯的固化行为通常不再足以满足目前的要求,以实现所希望的快速加工循环。
因此,本发明的目的是,提供新的脂族热塑性聚氨酯,其不使用低聚增链剂二醇就具有非常好的起霜行为,并且由于改进的固化行为,使得更快的加工循环成为可能。此外,应保持脂族热塑性聚氨酯的其它良好性能,例如非常好的光稳定性、舒适的触觉和良好的可加工性。
该目的可通过使用长链二异氰酸酯,也以与其它二异氰酸酯的共混物来实现。
尽管长链二异氰酸酯,例如1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷或1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷本身是已知的,但迄今为止没有用于热塑性聚氨酯中。因此,基于这些长链二异氰酸酯的TPU的性能也是未知的。
在制备TPU时,在许多其它二异氰酸酯作为原料的情况下,提及1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷作为可能的原料组分,例如在WO 2004/092241、WO2005/005509、WO 2005/005697、EP 1 153 951 A1、EP 1 671 989 A2和EP 1 674 494 A1中。这些文献中没有任何关于基于长链二异氰酸酯的TPU的有利加工行为的性能或数据的信息。
本发明的主题是脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其可由以下组分
A)异氰酸酯组分,其由下述物质组成
a1) 100至70mol%的1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和/或1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷,
a2) 0-30 mol%的除1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷以外的一种或多种脂族、脂环族和/或芳族二异氰酸酯,
B)至少一种多元醇组分,其选自:聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二醇和聚醚碳酸酯多元醇,各自具有500-8000 g/mol的数均分子量,
C)至少一种增链剂组分,其选自:乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,5-戊二醇,3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇,1,6-己二醇,1,8-辛二醇,1,10-癸二醇,1,2-十二烷二醇,1,4-环己二醇,双-(羟基甲基)-环己烷,1,4-二(羟基乙基)-氢醌,新戊二醇,1,4-丁烯二醇,二乙二醇,三乙二醇,四乙二醇,二丙二醇,三丙二醇,二丁二醇,对苯二甲酸-双-乙二醇,对苯二甲酸-双-1,3-丙二醇,对苯二甲酸-1,4-丁二醇,乙氧基化的双酚,乙二胺,1,2-丙二胺,1,3-丙二胺,N-甲基丙二胺,N,N'-二甲基乙二胺,异佛尔酮二胺,2,4-甲苯二胺,2,6-甲苯二胺,3,5-二乙基-2,4-甲苯二胺,3,5-二乙基-2,6-甲苯二胺,2-羟基乙胺,
D)任选的单官能链终止剂
在下述物质存在下获得
E)任选的催化剂,
F)0.05至5重量%的氧化-和/或光稳定剂,基于热塑性聚氨酯计,
G)任选另外的添加剂和/或助剂,
其中来自A)的异氰酸酯基团与来自B)、C)和D)的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的比例为0.9:1至1.1:1。
作为有机二异氰酸酯a2)可以考虑,例如,在Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, 第75-136页中记载的二异氰酸酯。
具体可示例性提及:
脂族和脂环族二异氰酸酯,例如1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷、1,8-二异氰酸根合辛烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1-甲基-2,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯和1-甲基-2,6-环己烷二异氰酸酯以及相应的异构体混合物和4,4'-、2,4'-和2,2'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及相应的异构体混合物。优选使用1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷作为脂族二异氰酸酯。
芳族二异氰酸酯,如2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物、氨基甲酸酯改性的液体4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基-乙烷-(1,2)和1,5-萘二异氰酸酯。优选使用4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯含量 >96重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯异构体混合物和尤其是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯作为芳族有机二异氰酸酯。
所提及的二异氰酸酯可以单独使用或以彼此的混合物的形式来使用。它们也可以与至多15 重量% (基于二异氰酸酯的总量计)的多异氰酸酯,例如三苯基甲烷-4,4',4''-三异氰酸酯或多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯一起使用。
所用的有机二异氰酸酯a2)优选至少50重量%,优选75重量%和特别优选100重量%由1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷构成。
作为组分B),使用数均分子量Mn为500至8000 g/mol (OH值为225至14 mg KOH/g),优选750至6000 g/mol和特别优选900至4200 g/mol的线性羟基封端的多元醇。由于生产造成地,这些通常含有少量的非线性化合物。因此,它们通常也被称为"基本上线性的多元醇"。优选的是聚酯二醇、聚醚二醇、聚醚酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇和聚醚碳酸酯二醇或其混合物。
合适的聚醚二醇可通过使一种或多种在亚烷基中具有2-4个碳原子的烯化氧与含有两个键合的活性氢原子的起始剂分子反应来制备。作为烯化氧例如可以提及:环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、表氯醇和1,2-环氧丁烷和2,3-环氧丁烷。优选使用环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和1,2-环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷的混合物。烯化氧可以单独地、交替连续地或者作为混合物来使用。作为起始剂分子例如可以考虑:水,氨基醇如N-烷基二乙醇胺,例如N-甲基二乙醇胺,和二醇如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇和1,6-己二醇。任选地,也可使用起始剂分子的混合物。此外,合适的聚醚二醇是四氢呋喃的含羟基的聚合产物。也可以使用三官能聚醚,其比例为0-30 重量%,基于双官能聚醚计,但至多以产生热塑性可加工产品的量。合适的聚醚二醇的数均分子量Mn为500-8000 g/mol,优选750-6000 g/mol,非常特别优选1000-4200 g/mol。它们可以单独地或以彼此的混合物的形式来使用。
合适的聚酯二醇可以例如由具有2-12个碳原子,优选4-6个碳原子的二羧酸和多元醇来制备。作为二羧酸例如可以考虑:脂族二羧酸如琥珀酸、马来酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸和癸二酸,和芳族二羧酸如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸。二羧酸可以单独地或作为混合物,例如以琥珀酸、戊二酸和己二酸混合物的形式来使用。为了制备聚酯二醇,可能任选有利的是,使用相应的二羧酸衍生物如在醇基中具有1-4个碳原子的羧酸二酯、羧酸酐或羧酰氯代替二羧酸。多元醇的实例是具有2-10个、优选2-6个碳原子的二醇,如乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇和1,3-二丙二醇。根据所希望的性能,多元醇可以单独地或任选地以彼此的混合物来使用。此外合适的是碳酸与所提及的二醇,特别是具有4-6个碳原子的那些,如1,4-丁二醇或1,6-己二醇的酯,羟基羧酸例如羟基己酸的缩合产物,和环状内酯例如任选取代的己内酯的聚合产物。作为聚酯二醇,优选使用乙二醇-聚己二酸酯、1,4-丁二醇-聚己二酸酯、乙二醇-1,4-丁二醇-聚己二酸酯、1,6-己二醇-新戊二醇-聚己二酸酯、1,6-己二醇-1,4-丁二醇-聚己二酸酯和聚己内酯。所述聚酯二醇的数均分子量Mn为500-8000 g/mol,优选600-6000 g/mol,特别优选800-3000g/mol,并且可以单独地或以彼此的混合物的形式来使用。
合适的聚碳酸酯二醇例如可以通过短链二醇例如1,4-丁二醇或1,6-己二醇与碳酸二苯酯或碳酸二甲酯在催化剂的辅助下的反应并解离苯酚或甲醇来制备。聚碳酸酯二醇的数均分子量为500 -6000 g/mol,优选750-4000 g/mol和特别优选800-3000 g/mol。
合适的聚醚碳酸酯二醇例如可以通过短链聚醚二醇例如分子量为250-1000 g/mol的聚四氢呋喃与碳酸二苯酯或碳酸二甲酯在催化剂的辅助下的反应并解离苯酚或甲醇来制备。此外,聚醚碳酸酯二醇可通过烯化氧(例如环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷或其混合物)与二氧化碳在合适的催化剂(例如双金属氰化物催化剂)的辅助下的共聚来制备。聚醚碳酸酯二醇的数均分子量为500-8000 g/mol,优选750-6000 g/mol和特别优选1000-4200 g/mol。
上述多元醇中的OH基团可以在进一步的反应步骤中额外还与ε-己内酯反应。
上述多元醇中的OH基团可以在进一步的反应步骤中额外还与环氧乙烷反应。
作为增链剂C),可以使用二醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-十二烷二醇、1,4-环己二醇、双-(羟基甲基)-环己烷、1,4-二(羟基乙基)-氢醌、新戊二醇、1,4-丁烯二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、二丁二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-乙二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-1,3-丙二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-1,4-丁二醇、乙氧基化的双酚,二胺,例如乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、N-甲基丙二胺、N,N'-二甲基乙二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、2,4-甲苯二胺、2,6-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,6-甲苯二胺和羟胺,例如2-羟基乙胺。
优选的增链剂是乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,5-戊二醇,1,6-己二醇,1,8-辛二醇,1,10-癸二醇,1,2-十二烷二醇,1,4-环己二醇,双-(羟基甲基)-环己烷,1,4-二(羟基乙基)-氢醌,新戊二醇,二乙二醇,二丙二醇,二丁二醇,对苯二甲酸-双-乙二醇,乙二胺,异佛尔酮二胺,2,4-甲苯二胺和2-羟基乙胺。
特别优选使用乙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇和1,4-二(羟基乙基)-氢醌作为增链剂。
此外,也可以加入少量的三醇,例如三羟甲基丙烷或甘油。
合适的链终止剂D)是例如可与异氰酸酯基团反应的单官能物质,如醇或胺,其中醇是优选的。可以提及的是例如1-丁醇、1-己醇和1-辛醇。
用于制备TPU的合适催化剂E)是根据现有技术已知的且常用的叔胺,例如三乙胺、二甲基环己基胺、N-甲基吗啉、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、2-(二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,以及有机金属化合物,如钛酸酯、铁化合物或锡化合物,例如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸锡或脂族羧酸的二烷基锡盐,例如二乙酸二丁基锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡。优选的催化剂是有机金属化合物,特别是钛酸酯或铁化合物和锡化合物。
基于TPU计的催化剂的总量通常为约0-5重量%,优选0.0001-2重量%和特别优选0.0002-1.0重量%。
合适的氧化稳定剂F)是例如具有空间位阻酚基团的有机化合物,例如Irganox® 1010或Irganox® 245 (BASF SE的商业产品),以及具有三价磷的有机磷化合物,例如三苯基膦和亚磷酸三苯酯。
合适的光保护剂F)是例如UV吸收剂,例如二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、N,N'-草酰二苯胺类或苯基三嗪类,以及所谓的HALS 化合物(受阻胺光稳定剂),例如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物,如Tinuvin® 622、Tinuvin® 765和Chimassorb® 2020 (BASF SE的商业产品)。
合适的添加剂和/或助剂G)是例如润滑剂如脂肪酸酯、其金属皂、脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪酸酯酰胺和硅氧烷化合物,防结块剂(Antiblockmittel),抑制剂,抗水解、热和变色的稳定剂,阻燃剂,染料,颜料,无机和/或有机填料和增强剂。增强剂尤其是纤维状增强材料,例如无机纤维,其可以根据现有技术来制备并且还可以加入粘料。有关所提及的助剂和添加剂的进一步说明可在专业文献中获悉,例如J.H. Saunders 和K.C. Frisch的著"HighPolymers",第XVI卷,Polyurethane,第1和2部分,Verlag Interscience Publishers 1962和1964,R. Gächter和H. Müller的Taschenbuch für Kunststoff-Additive (HanserVerlag慕尼黑1990)或DE 29 01 774 A。
本发明的另一主题是制备根据本发明的热塑性聚氨酯的方法,其特征在于,
i) 将多元醇组分B)和增链剂组分C)连续混合,
ii) 使来自步骤i)的混合物与异氰酸酯组分A)反应,
iii) 使所述反应在卸料容器中进行至结束,和
任选将产物造粒,
其中组分F)的添加能够在步骤i)和ii)中的任何位点处进行。
如通常已知的,组分F)可以溶解在组分B)中存在,或者其例如在组分A)、B)和C)的反应期间或之后加入。
本发明的另一主题是制备根据本发明的热塑性聚氨酯的方法,其特征在于,
i) 使异氰酸酯组分A)和多元醇组分B)连续混合并反应,
ii) 使来自步骤i)的所产生的反应产物与增链剂组分C)反应,
iii) 使所述反应在卸料容器中进行至结束,和
任选将产物造粒,
其中组分F)的添加能够在步骤i)和ii)中的任何位点处进行。
如通常已知的,组分F)可以溶解在组分B)中存在,或者其例如在组分A)、B)和C)的反应期间或之后加入。
组分E)、F)和G)的添加可在TPU的制备过程期间进行。F)和G)的添加也可以在随后的配混步骤中进行。
根据本发明的热塑性聚氨酯可用于制备光稳定的成型体,特别是用于制备挤出物(例如膜、箔、软管)和注塑部件。由于其性能,它们特别适合于暴露于UV光影响下的应用,例如在汽车领域中、在运动和休闲领域中、在农业和其它户外应用中。此外,根据本发明的TPU可以作为可烧结粉末用于制备平面构成物和中空体。
本发明将借助以下实施例详细说明。
实施例:
下文中使用的缩写:
PE225B: OH值为50 mg KOH/g的聚己二酸丁二醇酯
Acclaim® 2220N: OH值为50 mg KOH/g的聚醚(C3/C2混合醚)
Desmophen® C2201: OH值为56 mg KOH/g的聚碳酸酯二醇
HDI: 1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷
HDO: 1,6-己二醇
DDI: 1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷
T2000: OH值为56 mg KOH/g的聚四氢呋喃
Irganox® 245: BASF SE的抗氧化剂
Tinuvin® 234: BASF SE的基于苯并三唑的光稳定剂
Stabaxol® P200: Rhein Chemie GmbH的水解保护剂
DBTL: 二月桂酸二丁基锡。
制备TPU的一般性描述:
在搅拌下,将各自的多元醇或多元醇混合物(在PE225B的情况下,在实验开始前3小时还向该多元醇中加入1重量% Stabaxol® P200)、HDO、Irganox® 245 (0.5重量%)基于TPU计)、Tinuvin® 234 (0.2重量%基于TPU计)和80 ppm DBTL (基于多元醇量计)的混合物加热至120℃。然后加入各自的二异氰酸酯。随后搅拌,直至最大可能的粘度增加,然后将TPU浇铸成TPU浇铸板。然后将板在80℃下热后处理30分钟。然后将它们冷却至室温。所制备的TPU的摩尔组成示于表1中。
表1:所制备的TPU的摩尔组成
* 非根据本发明的。
将得到的TPU浇铸板切割并造粒。用型号Arburg Allrounder470S注塑机在180º-230℃的温度范围内和在650-750巴的压力范围内在10-35 cm3/S的注射流下将粒料加工成棒(模具温度:40℃;棒尺寸:80×10×4 mm)或板(模具温度:40℃;尺寸:125×50×2 mm)。
由制备的TPU产品测定熔体流动指数(MVR)和机械值(100%模量、300%模量、耐裂强度、断裂伸长率和肖氏A硬度)、固化速度、磨耗和起霜行为。
试验条件:
1) 熔体流动指数(MVR):
MVR测量在170℃(实施例1 + 2)以及200℃(实施例3 + 4)下,用10 kg (98N)的承重和5分钟预热时间,根据ISO1133,用Göttfert公司的MVR仪器,型号MP-D来测量。
2) 拉伸实验:
拉伸实验在S1棒(对应于根据EN ISO 527的试样类型5,由注射板冲压)上,根据DIN53455,以200 mm/min的拉伸速度进行。
3) 硬度:
硬度的测量根据DIN 53505进行。
4) 固化速度:
为了测定固化速率,在通过注塑加工(注塑机的设定:25 s冷却时间和25 s后压力时间)之后测量圆形成型体(直径30 mm,高度6 mm)的硬度发展。在此,根据DIN 53505,在从模具中取出后立即(0 s)、60 s后和300 s后测量试样的硬度。
5) 磨耗:
磨耗的测量根据DIN ISO 4649进行。
6) 起霜行为:
起霜行为在注射板上来测定。为此,将板储存在各种条件下(在25℃环境空气下;在45℃水下和在60℃/ 90%空气湿度下在空调柜中)。在4周的储存时间后,目测评估测试板。
熔体流动指数(MVR)和拉伸试验(力学)的测量值示于下表2中。
表2:
* - 非根据本发明的。
固化速度和磨耗的测量值示于下表3中。
表3:
* - 非根据本发明的。
在实施例1和2中测定起霜行为。目测评估示于下表4中。
表4:
TPU来自 | 25℃空气 | 45℃水下 | 60℃/90%空气湿度 |
实施例 1 | 无覆层 | 轻微起霜 | 轻微起霜 |
实施例 2* | 无覆层 | 许多白色覆层 | 许多白色覆层 |
* - 非根据本发明的。
实施例1-4的TPU的机械数据(表2)处于可比较的水平。MVR值是不同的,这归因于不同的聚合物组合物,但与TPU的效能无关。
固化速度和磨耗值(表3)显示了根据本发明的TPU相较于非根据本发明的TPU的明显的优点。因此,根据本发明的TPU的以mm3计的磨耗值明显小于非根据本发明的TPU的磨耗值。根据本发明的TPU在注塑加工后的固化速度比非根据本发明的TPU的快,这尤其可在0和60秒后的更高的肖氏A硬度(更快的硬度增加)中明确地看出。
在用于测定起霜行为的试验中,根据本发明的TPU在45℃水下储存和在60℃和90%空气湿度的空调箱中储存时产生明显的优点。在环境空气中25℃下,对于测试的测试板没有观察到覆层形成。
Claims (14)
1.脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其可由下述组分
A)异氰酸酯组分,其由下述物质组成
a1) 100至70mol% 的1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和/或1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷,
a2) 0-30 mol%的除1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷以外的一种或多种脂族、脂环族和/或芳族二异氰酸酯,
B)至少一种多元醇组分,其选自:聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚醚碳酸酯多元醇,其中各自的数均分子量为500-8000 g/mol,
C)至少一种增链剂组分,其选自:乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-十二烷二醇、1,4-环己二醇、双-(羟基甲基)-环己烷、1,4-二(羟基乙基)-氢醌、新戊二醇、1,4-丁烯二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、二丁二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-乙二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-1,3-丙二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-1,4-丁二醇、乙氧基化的双酚、乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、N-甲基丙二胺、N,N'-二甲基-乙二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、2,4-甲苯二胺、2,6-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,6-甲苯二胺、2-羟基乙胺,
D)任选的单官能链终止剂
在下述物质存在下获得
E)任选的催化剂,
F)0.05至5重量%的氧化-和/或光稳定剂,基于热塑性聚氨酯计,
G)任选另外的添加剂和/或助剂,
其中来自A)的异氰酸酯基团与来自B)、C)和D)的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的比例为0.9:1至1.1:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
所述异氰酸酯组分A)由以下组分组成
a1) 100至70 mol%的1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和/或1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷,
a2) 0-30 mol%的除1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷以外的一种或多种脂族和/或脂环族二异氰酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
所述异氰酸酯组分A)由以下组分组成
a1) 100至70 mol%的1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和/或1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷,
a2) 0-30 mol%的除1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷以外的一种或多种脂族二异氰酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
所述异氰酸酯组分A)由以下组分组成
a1) 100至70 mol%的1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷和/或1,12-二异氰酸根合十二烷,
a2) 0-30 mol%的1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
所述组分B)的多元醇各自具有750-6000 g/mol的数均分子量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
所述组分B)的多元醇各自具有900-4200 g/mol的数均分子量。
7.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
组分C)中使用一种或多种选自下述的增链剂:乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-十二烷二醇、1,4-环己二醇、双-(羟基甲基)-环己烷、1,4-二(羟基乙基)-氢醌、新戊二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、二丁二醇、对苯二甲酸-双-乙二醇、乙二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、2,4-甲苯二胺和2-羟基乙胺。
8.根据权利要求1所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯,其特征在于,
组分C)中使用一种或多种选自下述的增链剂:乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和1,4-二-(羟基乙基)-氢醌。
9.用于连续制备根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯的方法,其特征在于,
i)将多元醇组分B)和增链剂组分C)连续混合,
ii)使来自步骤i)的混合物与异氰酸酯组分A)反应,
iii)使所述反应在卸料容器中进行至结束,和
任选将产物造粒,
其中组分F)的添加能够在步骤i)和ii)中的任何位点处进行。
10.用于连续制备根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯的方法,其特征在于,
i)使异氰酸酯组分A)和多元醇组分B)连续混合并反应,
ii)使来自步骤i)的所产生的反应产物与增链剂组分C)反应,
iii)使所述反应在卸料容器中进行至结束,和
任选将产物造粒,
其中组分F)的添加能够在步骤i)和ii)中的任何位点处进行。
11.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯用于制备挤出物和注塑部件的用途。
12.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的脂族的、光稳定的热塑性聚氨酯作为可烧结粉末用于制备平面构成物和中空体的用途。
13.可由根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的热塑性聚氨酯获得的成型体、膜或箔。
14.可由根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的热塑性聚氨酯获得的可烧结粉末。
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DE2901774A1 (de) | 1979-01-18 | 1980-07-24 | Elastogran Gmbh | Rieselfaehiges, mikrobenbestaendiges farbstoff- und/oder hilfsmittelkonzentrat auf basis eines polyurethan-elastomeren und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
DE10206839A1 (de) | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-11 | Freudenberg Carl Kg | Thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Polyurethan-Formmasse |
US7357889B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2008-04-15 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Melt spun TPU fibers and process |
US8148475B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2012-04-03 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Melt spun polyether TPU fibers having mixed polyols and process |
US7799255B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2010-09-21 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Melt spun elastic tape and process |
DE102004060799A1 (de) | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Thermoplastische Polyurethane und deren Verwendung |
DE102004062476A1 (de) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Aliphatische sinterfähige thermoplastische Polyurethane und deren Verwendung |
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CN101070371A (zh) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-14 | 拜尔材料科学股份公司 | 改善起霜性能的脂肪族可烧结热塑性聚氨酯模制组合物 |
CN102356104A (zh) * | 2009-03-18 | 2012-02-15 | 路博润高级材料公司 | 具有减少的起霜趋势的热塑性聚氨酯 |
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