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CN110539470B - Device and method for measuring rubber viscosity in metering section of rubber extruder on line - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring rubber viscosity in metering section of rubber extruder on line Download PDF

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CN110539470B
CN110539470B CN201910840080.4A CN201910840080A CN110539470B CN 110539470 B CN110539470 B CN 110539470B CN 201910840080 A CN201910840080 A CN 201910840080A CN 110539470 B CN110539470 B CN 110539470B
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rubber
screw
metering section
viscosity
pressure sensor
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CN110539470A (en
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刘彦昌
林广义
于芳
马冲
梁振宁
胡亚菲
梁栋
于博全
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/922—Viscosity; Melt flow index [MFI]; Molecular weight

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder on line, belonging to the technical field of rubber processing performance measurement, wherein the device comprises a pressure sensor arranged on a metering section cylinder of the rubber extruder, a screw driven by a driving device is rotatably arranged in the metering section cylinder, the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of a rubber melt in a screw groove of the screw, the pressure sensor is connected with an oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is connected with a data processing system, and the oscilloscope is used for displaying a toothed trace of the pressure sensor so as to measure the slope of the sawtooth trace of the pressure sensor; the data processing system can calculate an average apparent viscosity of the rubber in the metering section from the average apparent viscosity expression. The online measuring method comprises the online measuring device. The invention realizes the on-line measurement of the viscosity of the rubber melt in the metering section of the rubber extruder and is beneficial to improving the control of the extrusion processing process.

Description

Device and method for measuring rubber viscosity in metering section of rubber extruder on line
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber processability measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring rubber viscosity in a metering section of a rubber extruder on line.
Background
Rubber melt is a typical non-newtonian fluid and viscosity is one of its important physical parameters. In rubber extrusion, calculating screw volumetric flow rate, viscous heat generation, and power consumption, among other things, requires data on the viscosity of the rubber melt in the metering section of the extruder. However, the viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid has a dependence on shear rate and temperature and will vary with changes in shear rate and temperature.
To obtain rubber melt viscosity data under certain processing conditions, standard methods are often used for measurement, such as capillary rheometers, oscillating disc rheometers, and extrusion rheometers. While capillary rheometers and oscillating disc rheometers can measure viscosity at rubber extrusion processing shear rates and temperatures, they require extensive time-consuming experimentation and cannot be used for on-line measurements. Furthermore, during the transfer of the gum from the extrusion line to the capillary rheometer and the oscillating disc rheometer, additional relaxation effects will occur, adulterating the viscosity measurement data. While the extrusion rheometer avoids the additional relaxation effect described above, it measures the viscosity of the compound in the extruder head, where the flow, shear rate, and temperature of the compound are different from those in the metering section of the extruder, and using the viscosity data of the extrusion rheometer to calculate screw volumetric flow rate, viscous heat generation, and power consumption, etc., will produce large errors.
Therefore, in the technical field of rubber processability measurement, research and improvement needs still exist for an apparatus and a method for measuring the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder on line, which is also a research focus and a focus in the technical field of rubber processability measurement at present and is the starting point of the completion of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of measuring the rubber viscosity in the metering section of the rubber extruder by a standard method, the invention aims to solve the first technical problem that: provides a simple and reliable device for measuring the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder on line.
As a concept, the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: provides a simple and reliable method for measuring the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder on line.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a device for measuring the rubber viscosity in the metering section of a rubber extruder on line comprises a pressure sensor arranged on a metering section cylinder of the rubber extruder, a screw driven by a driving device is rotatably arranged in the metering section cylinder, the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of a rubber melt in a screw groove of the screw, the pressure sensor is connected with an oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is connected with a data processing system, and the oscilloscope is used for displaying a toothed trace of the pressure sensor so as to measure the slope of the toothed trace of the pressure sensor;
the data processing system may express from the average apparent viscosity
Figure GDA0002944252990000021
Calculating the average apparent viscosity of the rubber in the metering section;
in the formula, H is the depth of a measuring section screw groove, S is the slope of a sawtooth trace of a pressure sensor, V is the rotating speed of a screw rotating line, V is pi DN, D is the diameter of the screw, N is the rotating speed of the screw, theta is a screw ridge helical angle, and phi is a flow function;
the flow function Φ is defined as:
Figure GDA0002944252990000022
wherein Q is the net volumetric flow rate through the metering section; qDFor measuring the drag volume flow rate of the section, QDWhere VzWH/2 is (V WHcos θ)/2 is α N, where Vz is the forward groove velocity at H, W is the groove width, H is the metering section groove depth, V is the screw rotational line speed, θ is the helix angle, α is the drag flow constant associated with the screw geometry, and N is the screw speed.
As an improvement, the Q can be obtained by dividing the weight of the extrudate by the density of the rubber and the time, which are measured in timed amounts, or by multiplying the measured extrudate cross-sectional area by the measured extrusion line speed.
As a refinement, the drive device comprises an electric motor, and the rotational speed N of the screw can be detected by means of an encoder mounted on the electric motor.
As an improvement, the drag flow constant α should take into account the effects of flight width, leakage flow, and flight ridges.
As an improvement, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the rubber melt in the screw groove of the screw is further arranged on the cylinder of the metering section, and the temperature sensor is connected with the data processing system.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for measuring the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder on line adopts the device for measuring the viscosity of the rubber in the metering section of the rubber extruder on line.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the shear rate and the temperature-dependent viscosity of the rubber melt in the metering section of the rubber extruder can be measured on line;
2) a direct and reliable method for determining the local state of the extrusion process is provided, which is beneficial to improving the control of the extrusion processing process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope covered by the contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for on-line measurement of rubber viscosity in a metering section of a rubber extruder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting of a pressure sensor on the barrel of the metering section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a periodic serrated pressure cycle;
in the figure: 1-machine head, 2-metering section machine barrel, 3-temperature sensor, 4-pressure sensor, 5-oscilloscope, 6-data processing system and 7-screw.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 together, an apparatus for online measuring rubber viscosity in a metering section of a rubber extruder comprises a metering section cylinder 2 detachably connected (e.g. screwed) with a head 1, a pressure sensor 4 mounted on the metering section cylinder 2 of the rubber extruder, a screw 7 rotatably mounted in the metering section cylinder 2 and driven by a driving device (not shown in the figure), the screw 7 being capable of rotating in the metering section cylinder 2 under the driving of the driving device, the driving device comprising a motor, of course, the driving device may also be a reducer driven by a motor, etc., and is well known in the art and will not be described herein again; the pressure sensor 4 is used for measuring the pressure of the rubber melt in the screw groove of the screw 7, the pressure sensor 4 is connected with the oscilloscope 5, the oscilloscope 5 is connected with the data processing system 6, and the oscilloscope 5 is used for displaying the toothed trace of the pressure sensor 4 so as to measure the slope of the toothed trace of the pressure sensor 4.
The data processing system 6 may express the mean apparent viscosity
Figure GDA0002944252990000041
Calculating the average apparent viscosity of the rubber in the metering section;
in the formula, H is the depth of a measuring section screw groove, S is the slope of a sawtooth trace of the pressure sensor, V is the rotating speed of a screw rotating line, V is pi DN, D is the diameter of the screw, N is the rotating speed of the screw, theta is a screw ridge helical angle, and phi is a flow function.
The flow function Φ is defined as:
Figure GDA0002944252990000042
wherein Q is the net volumetric flow rate through the metering section; qDFor measuring the drag volume flow rate of the section, QDWhere VzWH/2 is (V WHcos θ)/2 is α N, where Vz is the forward groove velocity at H, W is the groove width, H is the metering section groove depth, V is the screw rotational line speed, θ is the helix angle, α is the drag flow constant associated with the screw geometry, and N is the screw speed.
Q can be obtained by a number of on-line measurement and calculation methods well known to those skilled in the art, for example by dividing the weight of the extrudate by the density of the rubber and the time, which is measured periodically, or by multiplying the measured extrudate cross-sectional area by the measured extrusion line speed. The cross section area of the extrudate can be measured on line by adopting a laser profile measuring instrument; the extrusion linear velocity can be obtained by measuring the linear velocity of a receiving and conveying device roller arranged at a nose die by an encoder, and the laser profile measuring instrument and the speed measuring encoder are respectively connected with the data processing system 6.
The screw speed N can be measured by means of an encoder mounted on the motor, which is connected to the data processing system 6.
It should be noted that the data processing system 6 may employ a programmable controller or the like, which is well known in the art and will not be described herein.
In order to reduce the measurement error of the average apparent viscosity mu, the drag flow constant alpha should take into account the influence of the flight width e, the leakage flow and the flight, it should be noted that the drag flow constant alpha is only related to the geometrical parameters of the screw 7, and is a constant value after the screw is given.
The principle of the viscosity device of the invention is as follows: the equation of motion is simplified based on the simplified flat plate, isothermal, newtonian flow models of screw pumps and assumptions of steady state flow, incompressible fluid, neglecting gravitational and inertial forces, etc. The flow model is a physical model for calculating a velocity distribution or the like, and is known in the art. The above expression for the average apparent viscosity is derived as follows:
using transverse groove velocity vxSpeed v of the Heshun screwzBoundary condition [ v ]x(0)＝0，vx(H)＝Vx；vz(0)＝0，vz(H)＝Vz]Integrating the simplified equation of motion to obtain vxAnd vzVelocity profile of (2):
equation one
Figure GDA0002944252990000051
Equation two
Figure GDA0002944252990000052
V is to bezSubstitution equation
Figure GDA0002944252990000053
And vxSubstitution into
Figure GDA0002944252990000054
To obtain
Equation three
Figure GDA0002944252990000055
Equation four
Figure GDA0002944252990000056
Is obtained by integrating equation three and equation four
Equation five
Figure GDA0002944252990000057
Since z is Vtcos θ and x is Vtsin θ, the expression of the pressure as a function of time at a fixed point on the barrel of the metering section of the extruder can be obtained from equation five
Equation six
Figure GDA0002944252990000058
Under most rubber extrusion conditions, the pressure-time curve expressed by equation six is a periodic, saw-tooth like pressure cycle, as shown in FIG. 3, t in FIG. 30Denotes the cycle period, tfRepresents the time required to fall from a maximum pressure value to a minimum pressure value; when the groove thrust side is below the pressure sensor 4 (point 1 in fig. 2), the pressure P1Minimum; as the screw rotates, the pressure sensor 4 is tilted through the screw channel and the pressure steadily increases until the trailing side of the screw channel reaches the pressure sensor 4 (point 2 in fig. 2), the pressure reaching a maximum value P2。
In equations one through six, vxIs the transverse groove velocity, vzThe straight-spiral groove velocity is the straight-spiral groove velocity, Vx is the transverse spiral groove velocity at H, Vz is the straight-spiral groove velocity at H, P is the pressure distribution in the spiral groove, mu is the average apparent viscosity, V is the rotation speed of the screw rod rotation line, H is the depth of the spiral groove at the metering section, t is time, theta is the spiral edge helix angle, phi is the flow function, x is the coordinate of the straight-spiral groove direction, z is the coordinate of the straight-spiral groove direction, y is the coordinate of the direction along the spiral groove depth, and W is the spiral groove width.
From point P1To point P2The slope of the straight line of (a) is S; from equation six, the slope of the curve, S, can be obtained as:
equation seven
Figure GDA0002944252990000061
From equation seven, the average apparent viscosity is obtained
Equation eight
Figure GDA0002944252990000062
From the definitions of equations seven, eight and the flow function, for a given extruder, the screw geometry parameters D, θ, W and H are known, and by measuring N and Q, V and Φ can be calculated; and recording the sawtooth trace of the pressure sensor, and measuring the slope of the trace to obtain S. Thus, the average apparent viscosity μ of the rubber melt can be calculated from equation eight. These measurements and calculations are performed on-line.
In order to measure the rubber temperature in the metering section of the extruder, a temperature sensor 3 for measuring the temperature of the rubber melt in the screw groove of the screw 7 is also arranged on the cylinder 2 of the metering section, and the temperature sensor 3 is connected with a data processing system 6.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a method for measuring the viscosity of the rubber in the metering section of the rubber extruder on line, and the device for measuring the viscosity of the rubber in the metering section of the rubber extruder on line is adopted.
In summary, the device and the method for online measuring the rubber viscosity in the metering section of the rubber extruder provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize online measurement of the rubber melt viscosity in the metering section of the rubber extruder, provide a simple, direct and reliable method for determining the local state of the extrusion process, and are beneficial to improving the control of the extrusion processing process.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (6)

1. A device for measuring the rubber viscosity in the metering section of a rubber extruder on line is characterized by comprising a pressure sensor arranged on a metering section cylinder of the rubber extruder, wherein a screw driven by a driving device is rotatably arranged in the metering section cylinder, the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of a rubber melt in a screw groove of the screw, the pressure sensor is connected with an oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is connected with a data processing system, and the oscilloscope is used for displaying a toothed trace of the pressure sensor so as to measure the slope of the toothed trace of the pressure sensor;
the data processing system may express from the average apparent viscosity
Figure FDA0002944252980000011
Calculating the average apparent viscosity of the rubber in the metering section;
in the formula, H is the depth of a measuring section screw groove, S is the slope of a sawtooth trace of a pressure sensor, V is the rotating speed of a screw rotating line, V is pi DN, D is the diameter of the screw, N is the rotating speed of the screw, theta is a screw ridge helical angle, and phi is a flow function;
the flow function Φ is defined as:
Figure FDA0002944252980000012
wherein Q is the net volumetric flow rate through the metering section; qDFor measuring the drag volume flow rate of the section, QDWhere VzWH/2 is (V WHcos θ)/2 is α N, where Vz is the forward groove velocity at H, W is the groove width, H is the metering section groove depth, V is the screw rotational line speed, θ is the helix angle, α is the drag flow constant associated with the screw geometry, and N is the screw speed.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said Q is obtained by dividing the weight of the extrudate by the density of the rubber and the time, which are measured at regular time, or by multiplying the measured extrudate cross-sectional area by the measured extrusion line speed.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive means comprises a motor, and the screw speed N is measured by an encoder mounted on the motor.
4. The apparatus for on-line measurement of rubber viscosity in a metering section of a rubber extruder of claim 1, wherein the drag flow constant α should take into account the influence of flight width, leakage flow and flight pitch.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metering section barrel is further provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the rubber melt in the screw groove of the screw, and the temperature sensor is connected with the data processing system.
6. A method for the on-line measurement of the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder, characterized in that the apparatus for the on-line measurement of the viscosity of rubber in a metering section of a rubber extruder as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 is used.
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