CN110504789B - Modular flywheel pulse generator system - Google Patents
Modular flywheel pulse generator system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110504789B CN110504789B CN201910894362.2A CN201910894362A CN110504789B CN 110504789 B CN110504789 B CN 110504789B CN 201910894362 A CN201910894362 A CN 201910894362A CN 110504789 B CN110504789 B CN 110504789B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
- H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modularized flywheel pulse generator system, belongs to the technical field of motors and power electronics, and aims to solve the problems of low power density, low energy density and large volume and weight of the existing flywheel pulse generator set caused by long shafting and low rotating speed of the set; and the problems of low reliability and high cost. The invention comprises an input inverter, an axial magnetic field structure multi-air gap embedded permanent magnet rotor synchronous motor, an output rectifier and an exciting current adjusting unit; the motor state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor absorbs energy from a power grid through an input inverter, and converts electric energy into mechanical energy to be stored; the generator state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor converts mechanical energy into electric energy and supplies power to a load through an output rectifier; the exciting current adjusting unit is used for controlling the air gap field of the synchronous motor in a generator state so as to ensure that the output voltage of the synchronous motor keeps constant in the load and rotating speed changing states.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motors and power electronics, and relates to a flywheel generator structure.
Background
The flywheel pulse generator is a flywheel energy storage device which utilizes the large inertia storage energy of a shafting and realizes electromechanical energy conversion by a coaxial motor/generator. Flywheel energy storage devices currently in use or under development are of two types: the first is that the power grades of energy storage and energy release are equivalent, the motor and the power generation function can be alternately realized by one motor, and the magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage system with medium and small capacity is of the type, has the characteristics of compact structure, high efficiency and the like, and is generally used as a flywheel battery; the second is that the energy storage power is smaller than the energy release power by more than one order of magnitude, two motors respectively realize the functions of electric drive and power generation, and a large-capacity alternating current pulse generator set is of the type, stores energy for a long time with small power, releases energy for a short time with large power, is generally used as a large-capacity pulse power supply, and can be applied to the fields of controlled nuclear fusion tests, nuclear explosion simulation, high-current particle beam accelerators, high-power pulse lasers, high-power microwaves, plasmas, electromagnetic emission technologies and the like.
A typical flywheel pulse generator system is shown in figure 1. The basic working principle of the system is as follows: when the system is charged, an external power grid supplies energy to the system, a power converter formed by power electronic devices controls and drives a motor to drive a flywheel to rotate at a high speed, the flywheel can run at a constant high speed, the required energy is stored in a kinetic energy mode, and conversion from electric energy to mechanical energy and energy storage are completed. When the pulse load needs to supply power, the flywheel rotating at a high speed is used as a prime mover to drive the motor to generate power and operate, and the voltage and the current suitable for the pulse load are output through the power electronic converter to finish the energy conversion process.
The traditional pulse generator set usually adopts a structural form of 'motor-flywheel-generator'. The driving motor usually adopts a three-phase induction motor, while the pulse engine usually adopts a multiphase non-salient pole synchronous generator, the motor and the generator rotate coaxially, and an inertia flywheel is arranged on a rotating shaft of the generator. The flywheel and the generator are connected by a rigid coupling, the motor and the flywheel are connected flexibly, and the unit is provided with a plurality of bearings for supporting the rotor.
However, the flywheel pulse generator set has the following disadvantages: the whole unit has long shafting, low rotating speed, low power density, low energy density and large volume weight; the rotor of the pulse generator is provided with an excitation winding, and a multi-stage rotating rectifier is adopted for excitation, so that the system is low in reliability and high in cost, and is not suitable for being used in a mobile platform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low power density, low energy density and large volume and weight of a system caused by long shafting and low rotating speed of the conventional flywheel pulse generator set; and the problems of low reliability and high cost are solved, and a modularized flywheel pulse generator system is provided.
The modular flywheel pulse generator system comprises an input inverter, an axial magnetic field structure multi-air gap embedded permanent magnet rotor synchronous motor, an output rectifier and an exciting current adjusting unit;
the motor state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor absorbs energy from a power grid through an input inverter, and converts electric energy into mechanical energy to be stored;
the generator state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor converts mechanical energy into electric energy and supplies power to a load through an output rectifier;
the exciting current adjusting unit is used for controlling the air gap field of the synchronous motor in a generator state so as to ensure that the output voltage of the synchronous motor keeps constant in the load and rotating speed changing states.
Preferably, the axial magnetic field structure multi-air gap embedded permanent magnet rotor synchronous motor comprises n stators 1, n +1 rotors 2, a stator casing frame 3 and a rotating shaft 4;
the n stators 1 and the n +1 rotors 2 are sequentially staggered and coaxially arranged along the axial direction, the n stators 1 are fixed on a stator casing frame 3, and the n +1 rotors 2 are fixed on a rotating shaft 4; 2n axial air gaps exist between n stators 1 and n +1 rotors 2;
two ends of the rotating shaft 4 respectively penetrate through the front end cover 5 and the rear end cover 6 and are rotatably connected through a bearing 7.
Preferably, the stator 1 is formed by splicing h stator modules 101 to form a circular ring structure, and each stator module 101 comprises a sector ring stator substrate 101-1 and m × i stator windings 101-2; m is the number of motor phases, and i is a positive integer; the m × i stator windings 101-2 are uniformly arranged on the sector ring stator base plate 101-1 along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the stator module 101 further comprises a maintenance handle 101-3, said maintenance handle 101-3 being located at the outer circumferential side of the sector annulus for pulling the stator module 101 out of the stator housing frame 3.
Preferably, the rotor 2 includes a rotor base plate 201 and 2p (2s +1) permanent magnets 202, p being a pole pair number, s being a positive integer; the rotor substrate 201 is disc-shaped, 2p (2s +1) permanent magnets 202 are embedded on the end face, facing the stator 1, of the rotor substrate 201 along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnets 202 are magnetized along the axial direction, the magnetizing directions of the (2s +1) permanent magnets 202 belonging to the same magnetic pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 202 of two adjacent magnetic poles are opposite.
Preferably, the rotors 2 on both sides of the motor have the same structure, and the end surface of the inner side of the rotor substrate 201 is provided with 2p (2s +1) axial blind holes for embedding the permanent magnets 202; the n-1 rotors 2 in the middle of the motor have the same structure, and 2p (2s +1) axial through holes are formed in the rotor substrate 201 and used for embedding the permanent magnets 202.
Preferably, the rotor base plates 201 of the rotors 2 at the two sides of the motor are made of magnetic materials, and the rotor base plates 201 of the n-1 rotors 2 at the middle position of the motor are made of magnetic materials or non-magnetic materials.
Preferably, when the rotor substrate 201 of the n-1 rotors 2 located at the middle position of the motor is made of a non-magnetic material, 4p magnetizers are further arranged on the rotors 2, and an axial through hole is respectively formed on the radially outer side and the radially inner side of the permanent magnet of each magnetic pole of the rotor substrate 201 and used for embedding a pair of magnetizers.
Preferably, the length of the air gap between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 varies periodically along the circumferential direction, and the length of the air gap is the smallest at the center line of each magnetic pole and gradually increases towards the two sides of the magnetic pole.
Preferably, the remanence or the coercive force of the permanent magnet of the rotor 2 at the central line position of the magnetic pole is the highest, and the remanence or the coercive force of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides.
Preferably, the thickness of the rotor 2 in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet at the center line position of the magnetic pole is maximum, and the thickness of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides; the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction at the central line position is maximum, and the width of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides of the permanent magnet; the radial height of the permanent magnet at the central line position is maximum, and the radial height of the permanent magnet at the two sides of the permanent magnet is gradually reduced.
Preferably, the excitation current regulating unit is formed by connecting a multiphase capacitor bank and a multiphase controllable saturated reactor bank in parallel, a direct current winding of the multiphase controllable saturated reactor bank is connected with the controller, and an alternating current winding of the multiphase controllable saturated reactor bank is connected in a star mode.
Preferably, the excitation current adjusting unit is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank and a multiphase switch reactor bank which are connected in parallel; the multiphase switch reactor group is composed of multiphase reactor groups and multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches, each phase of reactor group is formed by connecting two reactors in series and is in star-shaped connection, the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches are in star-shaped connection, and alternating current ends of the alternating current short-circuit switches are respectively connected to connecting points of the two reactors in series.
Preferably, the excitation current adjusting unit is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank, a multiphase switch capacitor bank and a multiphase switch reactor bank which are connected in parallel; the multiphase switch capacitor bank is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank and multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches, and alternating current ends of the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches are respectively connected to tail ends of the capacitors; the multiphase switch reactor group is composed of a multiphase reactor group and a multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch, each phase of reactor is formed by connecting two reactors in series and is in star-shaped connection, the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch is in star-shaped connection, and the alternating current end of each phase of alternating current short-circuit switch is respectively connected to the connection point of the two reactors in series.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a modularized flywheel pulse generator system, wherein a generator is excited by a permanent magnet, and an excitation current regulating unit is adopted for air gap magnetic field control, so that the output voltage of the generator is kept constant under the load and rotating speed change states. The rotor core adopts a solid structure, has simple structure and high strength, and the motor has small axial size and light weight and is suitable for high-speed operation; the flywheel and the rotor are combined into a whole, and the unit is short in shafting and high in power density and energy density; the rotor is not provided with an electric brush and a slip ring, the stator adopts a modular structure, and the motor is simple to manufacture, easy to assemble, convenient to maintain, low in electromagnetic interference and high in electromechanical energy conversion efficiency; the method has fault tolerance capability, high reliability and expandability. The output voltage regulation of the system can be realized by controlling the magnitude of the reactive current output by the exciting current regulating unit, the control is easy, the exciting power is low, the overload capacity of the generator system is strong, and the voltage regulating capacity or the wide-range variable speed constant voltage output capacity is realized.
The flywheel energy storage system has the characteristics of simple control, high efficiency, small voltage regulation rate, strong overload capacity, high reliability and the like, can be used as a high-capacity pulse power supply, and has good application prospect in the fields of nuclear fusion test technology, plasma, electromagnetic emission technology and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control schematic diagram of a conventional flywheel pulse generator system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular flywheel pulse generator system according to embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of the motor of embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rotor structure of the motor of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stator module construction of the motor of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular flywheel pulse generator system according to embodiment 2;
fig. 7 is an exploded view of the motor of embodiment 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a rotor structure of the motor of the present invention, having magnetic bridges;
fig. 9 to 11 show three embodiments of the field current adjusting unit.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 2 to 11, and the modular flywheel pulse generator system according to the present embodiment includes an input inverter, an axial magnetic field structure multi-air gap embedded permanent magnet rotor synchronous motor, an output rectifier, and an excitation current adjusting unit;
the motor state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor absorbs energy from a power grid through an input inverter, and converts electric energy into mechanical energy to be stored;
the generator state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor converts mechanical energy into electric energy and supplies power to a load through an output rectifier;
the exciting current adjusting unit is used for controlling the air gap field of the synchronous motor in a generator state so as to ensure that the output voltage of the synchronous motor keeps constant in the load and rotating speed changing states.
The axial magnetic field structure multi-air gap embedded permanent magnet rotor synchronous motor comprises n stators 1, n +1 rotors 2, a stator casing frame 3 and a rotating shaft 4;
the n stators 1 and the n +1 rotors 2 are sequentially staggered and coaxially arranged along the axial direction, the n stators 1 are fixed on a stator casing frame 3, and the n +1 rotors 2 are fixed on a rotating shaft 4; 2n axial air gaps exist between n stators 1 and n +1 rotors 2;
two ends of the rotating shaft 4 respectively penetrate through the front end cover 5 and the rear end cover 6 and are rotatably connected through a bearing 7.
The winding of the stator 1 is divided into an input power winding and an output power winding, wherein an outgoing line of the input power winding is connected with the output end of the input inverter, and an outgoing line of the output power winding is connected with the alternating current input end of the output rectifier.
The stator 1 is formed by splicing h stator modules 101 into a circular ring structure, and each stator module 101 (shown in figure 5) comprises a sector ring stator substrate 101-1 and m x i stator windings 101-2; m is the number of motor phases, and i is a positive integer; the m × i stator windings 101-2 are uniformly arranged on the sector ring stator base plate 101-1 along the circumferential direction.
The stator of the embodiment adopts a modular design mode, and when the stator breaks down, the fault module can be detached independently, so that the maintenance is convenient, and the cost is reduced. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the stator module, a maintenance handle 101-3 is arranged on the stator module 101, and the maintenance handle 101-3 is positioned on the outer circle side of the fan-shaped torus and used for pulling the stator module 101 out of the stator casing frame 3.
The m x i stator windings 101-2 are divided into two parts serving as an input power winding and an output power winding, and the input power winding is formed by connecting j stator modules in series or in parallel; the output power winding is formed by connecting k stator modules in series or in parallel, j and k are positive integers, and j + k is m multiplied by i.
The rotor 2 comprises a rotor substrate 201 and 2p (2s +1) permanent magnets 202, wherein p is a pole pair number, and s is a positive integer; the rotor substrate 201 is disc-shaped, 2p × (2s +1) permanent magnets 202 are embedded on the end surface of the rotor substrate 201 facing the stator 1 along the circumferential direction, the magnetizing directions of the (2s +1) permanent magnets 202 belonging to the same magnetic pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 202 of two adjacent magnetic poles are opposite.
The rotors 2 on the two sides of the motor have the same structure, and the end face of the inner side of the rotor substrate 201 is provided with 2p (2s +1) axial blind holes for embedding the permanent magnets 202; the n-1 rotors 2 in the middle of the motor have the same structure, and 2p (2s +1) axial through holes are formed in the rotor substrate 201 and used for embedding the permanent magnets 202. Because the end face where the permanent magnet 202 is embedded is the air gap side, and the air gap sides of the rotors 2 at the two end parts of the motor are single sides, the rotors 2 at the end parts are provided with blind holes for embedding the permanent magnets 2, and the air gap sides of the rotors 2 in the middle are double sides, so the rotors 2 in the middle are provided with through holes for embedding the permanent magnets 2.
In order to achieve the purpose of a reverse salient pole magnetic field by an air gap magnetic field, the embodiment adopts a scheme as shown in fig. 8, wherein n-1 rotors 2 at the middle position of the motor are further provided with 4p magnetizers, and an axial through hole is respectively formed at the radially outer side and the radially inner side of each permanent magnet of each magnetic pole of the rotor substrate 201 for embedding a pair of magnetizers, and each magnetic pole is internally and externally embedded with a pair of magnetizers, so that 4p magnetizers are totally embedded. In this case, the nonmagnetic material is used for the rotor substrate poles of the n-1 rotors 2 at the intermediate positions of the motor.
If the air gap field is close to sinusoidal, the following optimization is performed for all the rotors 2 by using any scheme, and the rotor base plates 201 of all the rotors 2 are made of magnetic materials:
according to the first scheme, the remanence or the coercive force of the permanent magnet of the rotor 2 positioned at the central line position of the magnetic pole is the highest, and the remanence or the coercive force of the permanent magnet on the two sides is gradually decreased.
The set purpose can be achieved under the condition that a magnetic bridge is not arranged, and the arrangement scheme, the size and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets are not changed in the scheme.
The thickness of the rotor 2 in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet at the central line position of the magnetic pole is maximum, and the thickness of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides; the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction at the central line position is maximum, and the width of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides of the permanent magnet; the radial height of the permanent magnet at the central line position is maximum, and the radial height of the permanent magnet at the two sides of the permanent magnet is gradually reduced.
Under the conditions of not arranging a magnetic bridge and not changing the coercive force of the permanent magnet, the scheme can achieve the set purpose by changing the mechanical shape of the permanent magnet.
And thirdly, the length of the air gap between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 is periodically changed along the circumferential direction, the length of the air gap at the central line of each magnetic pole is minimum, and the lengths of the air gaps on two sides of the magnetic pole are gradually increased.
The scheme is different from the first two schemes, the coercive force of the permanent magnet is not changed, the mechanical shape of the permanent magnet is not changed, and the established purpose is achieved through air gap change.
The exciting current adjusting unit is used for controlling the air gap field of the synchronous motor in a generator state so as to ensure that the output voltage of the synchronous motor keeps constant in the load and rotating speed changing states. The method can be realized by adopting any scheme of:
referring to fig. 9, the exciting current adjusting unit is formed by connecting a multiphase capacitor bank and a multiphase controllable saturated reactor bank in parallel, a dc winding of the multiphase controllable saturated reactor bank is connected to a controller, and an ac winding of the multiphase controllable saturated reactor bank is connected in star.
Referring to fig. 10, the excitation current adjusting unit is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank and a multiphase switch reactor bank which are connected in parallel; the multiphase switch reactor group is composed of multiphase reactor groups and multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches, each phase of reactor group is formed by connecting two reactors in series and is in star-shaped connection, the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches are in star-shaped connection, and alternating current ends of the alternating current short-circuit switches are respectively connected to connecting points of the two reactors in series.
Referring to fig. 11, the excitation current adjusting unit is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank, a multiphase switch capacitor bank and a multiphase switch reactor bank which are connected in parallel; the multiphase switch capacitor bank is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank and multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches, and alternating current ends of the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches are respectively connected to tail ends of the capacitors; the multiphase switch reactor group is composed of a multiphase reactor group and a multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch, each phase of reactor is formed by connecting two reactors in series and is in star-shaped connection, the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch is in star-shaped connection, and the alternating current end of each phase of alternating current short-circuit switch is respectively connected to the connection point of the two reactors in series.
Two examples are given below to illustrate the motor of the present invention.
Example 1: referring to fig. 2 and 3, the synchronous machine is mainly composed of 1 stator, 2 rotors, and 2 air gaps. The stator casing frame suit is in the stator outside, and stator and 2 rotors are coaxial alternate arrangement in proper order along the axial, and 2 rotors suit is in the pivot outside, links together through the pivot. Each stator is made up of 3 stator modules. The 3 stator modules of each stator are sequentially arranged and fixed in the machine shell frame along the circumferential direction. Each stator module is mainly composed of a stator substrate and 3 stator coils. 3 stator coils are uniformly arranged and fixed on the stator substrate along the circumferential direction.
Each rotor at both ends in the axial direction is mainly composed of a rotor base plate and a permanent magnet. The rotor substrate is disk-shaped and made of a magnetic material. 6 groups of axial blind holes are formed on the side of the air gap of the rotor substrate close to the outer circumference, and 3 holes of each group are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; permanent magnets are embedded in the holes and are magnetized along the axial direction, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in each group of holes are the same; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the adjacent groups of holes are opposite.
Example 2: referring to fig. 6 and 7, the synchronous machine is mainly composed of 2 stator units, 3 rotor units, and 4 air gaps. Stator casing frame suit is in the stator unit outside, and 2 stator units and 3 rotor unit are coaxial alternate arrangement in proper order along the axial, and 3 rotor unit suit are in the pivot outside, link together through the pivot. Each stator unit is made up of 3 stator modules. The 3 stator modules of each stator unit are sequentially arranged and fixed in the machine shell frame along the circumferential direction. Each stator module is mainly composed of a stator substrate and 3 stator coils. 3 stator coils are uniformly arranged and fixed on the stator substrate along the circumferential direction.
Each rotor at both ends in the axial direction is mainly composed of a rotor base plate and a permanent magnet. The rotor substrate is disk-shaped and made of a magnetic material. 6 groups of axial blind holes are formed on the side of the air gap of the rotor substrate close to the outer circumference, and 3 holes of each group are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; permanent magnets are embedded in the holes and are magnetized along the axial direction, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in each group of holes are the same; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the adjacent groups of holes are opposite.
Each rotor positioned in the axial middle of the rotating shaft is provided with 6 groups of axial through holes on the rotor substrate close to the outer circumference side, and 3 holes of each group are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction; permanent magnets are embedded in the holes and are magnetized along the axial direction, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in each group of holes are the same; the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets in the adjacent groups of holes are opposite.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The modular flywheel pulse generator system is characterized by comprising an input inverter, an axial magnetic field structure multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor synchronous motor, an output rectifier and an exciting current adjusting unit; the rotor of the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor is integrated with a flywheel;
the motor state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor absorbs energy from a power grid through an input inverter, and converts electric energy into mechanical energy to be stored;
the generator state: the synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multi-air-gap embedded permanent magnet rotor converts mechanical energy into electric energy and supplies power to a load through an output rectifier;
the excitation current adjusting unit is used for controlling an air gap magnetic field of the synchronous motor in a generator state so as to ensure that the output voltage of the synchronous motor keeps constant in a load and rotating speed change state;
the rotor synchronous motor with the axial magnetic field structure and the multiple air gaps and the embedded permanent magnets comprises n stators (1), n +1 rotors (2), a stator casing frame (3) and a rotating shaft (4);
the n stators (1) and the n +1 rotors (2) are sequentially staggered and coaxially arranged along the axial direction, the n stators (1) are fixed on a stator casing frame (3), and the n +1 rotors (2) are fixed on a rotating shaft (4); 2n axial air gaps exist between n stators (1) and n +1 rotors (2);
two ends of the rotating shaft (4) respectively penetrate through the front end cover (5) and the rear end cover (6) and are rotatably connected through a bearing (7);
the stator (1) is formed by splicing h stator modules (101) into a circular ring structure, and each stator module (101) comprises a sector ring stator substrate (101-1) and m multiplied by i stator windings (101-2); m is the number of motor phases, and i is a positive integer; m x i stator windings (101-2) are uniformly arranged on the sector ring stator substrate (101-1) along the circumferential direction;
the rotor (2) comprises a rotor substrate (201) and 2p (2s +1) permanent magnets (202), wherein p is a pole pair number, and s is a positive integer; the rotor substrate (201) is disc-shaped, 2p (2s +1) permanent magnets (202) are embedded on the end face, facing the stator (1), of the rotor substrate (201) along the circumferential direction, the permanent magnets (202) are magnetized along the axial direction, the magnetizing directions of the (2s +1) permanent magnets (202) belonging to the same magnetic pole are the same, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (202) of two adjacent magnetic poles are opposite;
the rotor substrates (201) of the rotors (2) positioned at two sides of the motor are made of magnetic materials, and the rotor substrates (201) of the n-1 rotors (2) positioned at the middle position of the motor are made of magnetic materials or non-magnetic materials;
when the rotor substrate (201) of n-1 rotors (2) positioned in the middle of the motor is made of non-magnetic materials, 4p magnetizers are further arranged on the rotors (2), and an axial through hole is respectively formed in the radial outer side and the radial inner side of each permanent magnet of each magnetic pole of the rotor substrate (201) and used for embedding a pair of magnetizers;
the rotor (2) is optimized to make the air gap field close to sinusoidal using either:
the length of an air gap between the rotor (2) and the stator (1) is periodically changed along the circumferential direction, the length of the air gap at the center line of each magnetic pole is minimum, and the lengths of the air gaps at two sides of the magnetic pole are gradually increased;
according to the second scheme, the remanence or coercive force of the permanent magnet of the rotor (2) at the position of the central line of the magnetic pole is highest, and the remanence or coercive force of the permanent magnets on the two sides is gradually decreased;
the thickness of the rotor (2) in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet at the central line position of the magnetic pole is maximum, and the thickness of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides; the width of the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction at the central line position is maximum, and the width of the permanent magnet gradually decreases towards the two sides of the permanent magnet; the radial height of the permanent magnet at the central line position is maximum, and the radial heights of the permanent magnets at the two sides of the permanent magnet are gradually reduced;
the exciting current adjusting unit is realized by adopting any one of the following schemes:
in the first scheme, an excitation current regulating unit consists of a multiphase capacitor bank and a multiphase switch reactor bank which are connected in parallel; the multiphase switch reactor group is composed of a multiphase reactor group and a multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch, each phase of reactor group is formed by connecting two reactors in series and is in star-shaped connection, the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch is in star-shaped connection, and the alternating current end of each phase of alternating current short-circuit switch is respectively connected to the connection point of the two reactors in series;
the excitation current adjusting unit consists of a multiphase capacitor bank, a multiphase switch capacitor bank and a multiphase switch reactor bank which are connected in parallel; the multiphase switch capacitor bank is composed of a multiphase capacitor bank and multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches, and alternating current ends of the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switches are respectively connected to tail ends of the capacitors; the multiphase switch reactor group is composed of a multiphase reactor group and a multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch, each phase of reactor is formed by connecting two reactors in series and is in star-shaped connection, the multiphase alternating current short-circuit switch is in star-shaped connection, and the alternating current end of each phase of alternating current short-circuit switch is respectively connected to the connection point of the two reactors in series.
2. A modular flywheel pulse generator system as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the stator module (101) further comprises a service handle (101-3), said service handle (101-3) being located on the outer circular side of the sector annulus for pulling the stator module (101) out of the stator housing frame (3).
3. The modular flywheel pulse generator system according to claim 1, wherein the rotors (2) on both sides of the motor have the same structure, and 2p (2s +1) axial blind holes are formed in the end surface of the inner side of the rotor substrate (201) and used for embedding the permanent magnets (202); the n-1 rotors (2) positioned in the middle of the motor have the same structure, and 2p (2s +1) axial through holes are formed in the rotor substrate (201) and used for embedding the permanent magnets (202).
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| CN113178967B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-04-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-power high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN114257033B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-01-24 | 中磁动力设备(深圳)有限公司 | Energy storage motor and use method |
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