CN110499455A - A kind of age-hardening austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of age-hardening austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of age-hardening austenitic stainless steels, in terms of weight percent hundred, include 0.04~0.12 carbon, 0.8~1.6 silicon, 1.5~2.5 manganese, 18.0~23.0 chromium, 8.0~12.0 nickel, 0.5~1.5 molybdenum ,≤0.50 copper, 0.15~0.25 nitrogen ,≤0.80 niobium ,≤0.80 cobalt, and 0.3≤niobium+cobalt≤1.0, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity.The invention also discloses the preparation methods of the stainless steel.Pass through Design of Chemical Composition and manufacture process control, obtain the hard state wire rod of austenitic stainless steel with high-intensitive, nonmagnetic and good corrosion resistance, it can be applied to wire rods purposes, the tensile strength such as processing and manufacturing high-performance stainless steel spring and reach 1600MPa or more, value >=23 PREN or more.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to stainless steel, and more particularly to an age-hardened austenitic stainless steel and a method for making the same.
Background
Hard materials such as stainless steel springs are widely used in products such as electronics, home appliances, industry, and civilian use, and their use is generally in a cold-worked state, and has higher strength and hardness than the same materials subjected to heat treatment (solution treatment, annealing treatment, or the like), and therefore, they are suitable for use in fields requiring high strength and high hardness.
The common steel types of hard materials such as stainless steel springs and the like are 300 series stainless steel such as 301, 302, 304 and the like, and the stainless steel has good comprehensive performance, mature production process and wide application. The solid solution 301, 302 and 304 have good ductility and toughness and are nonmagnetic, but the stainless steel generates a large amount of martensite after cold deformation, so that the ductility and corrosion resistance are deteriorated, the fatigue performance is also reduced, the magnetism is generated, and even delayed fracture is easy to occur, thereby limiting the application range of the steel. In the fields of harsh working environments, such as chemical machinery, electronic industry and the like, materials with better comprehensive properties, such as corrosion resistance, no magnetism and the like, are required.
Application number 200610023520.X discloses a high-strength and pitting corrosion resistant stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.02 to 0.06%, Mn: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.03%, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Cr: 23-26%, Ni: 12-16%, Mo: 1.25-1.8%, N: 0.18-0.25%, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities, and can be applied to a high-temperature (300 ℃) and high-pressure (9.0MPa) corrosive environment, but the cost is high, and hard high strength and non-magnetism are not involved.
Application No. 201280065481.3 relates to a composition control and manufacturing process of a metastable austenitic stainless steel which can be used as a steel material for high strength springs, the chemical composition of which is in weight percent: the stainless steel contains 0.05-0.15% of C, 0.05-0.09% of N, 15-18% of Cr, 6-8% of Ni, more than 1.0% and up to 1.5% of Si, 0.5-0.9% of Mo, 0.4-1.2% of Mn, 1.5% or less of Cu, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities, and has an Md30 temperature of 25-30 ℃, and has a tensile strength of 2200MPa or more and a hardness of 570Hv or more at 80% cold rolling reduction rate by solid solution strengthening of a delta ferrite phase, but the stainless steel is poor in corrosion resistance and magnetic in cold deformation.
JP2014513854 discloses a high-strength nonmagnetic austenitic stainless steel material with high elastic limit stress and excellent toughness, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.12 percent, Si: 0.30E ^ c3.0%, Mn: 2.0-9.0%, Ni: 7.0-15.0%, Cr: 11.0-20.0%, N: not more than 0.30%, and not more than 3.0% of Mo or not more than 1.0% of V or not more than 1.0% of Nb or not more than 1.0% of Ti, B: less than 0.010%, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, a nickel equivalent of 19.0 or more, and d-1/2When d (μm) represents austenite average grain size, the permeability μ is less than 1.0100 or less when the cold deformation is 50% or more, but the stainless steel has low corrosion resistance and high cost.
JP20110042775 discloses a nonmagnetic austenitic stainless steel with high strength and high yield point, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.005-0.08% of C, 0.15-1.00% of Si, 0.30-2.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, 0.005-0.040% of sol.Al, 8.00-10.50% of Ni, 18.00-20.00% of Cr, 0-4.0% of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and can be applied to a die material which needs the magnetic permeability of less than 1.02 and the Vickers hardness of 250-500, but the strength and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in the patent are still low.
The above patents related to austenitic stainless steels relate to the performance of high strength, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, etc. austenitic stainless steels, but they all have some disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide age-hardening austenitic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, which can enable the austenitic stainless steel hard wire to have high strength, high tensile strength, no magnetism and good corrosion resistance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
In one aspect, an age-hardened austenitic stainless steel comprises, in weight percent:
0.04-0.12 carbon, 0.8-1.6 silicon, 1.5-2.5 manganese, 18.0-23.0 chromium, 8.0-12.0 nickel, 0.5-1.5 molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.50 copper, 0.15-0.25 nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.80 niobium, less than or equal to 0.80 cobalt, and less than or equal to 0.3 niobium + cobalt and less than or equal to 1.0, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
In another aspect, a method of making an age hardened austenitic stainless steel comprises:
A. smelting in an electric furnace, an argon-oxygen decarburization furnace and a ladle refining furnace in sequence, and casting after smelting to obtain a continuous casting square billet;
B. putting the continuous casting square billet into a stepping heating furnace for heating, hot-rolling the continuous casting square billet on a wire rolling unit to form a wire rod with a required specification, and obtaining an austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled wire rod after solution treatment and acid pickling;
C. the hot rolled wire rod is cold drawn to different diameters and annealed to obtain a cold drawn wire rod to obtain a high strength hard state wire rod.
In the step A, the superheat degree of the continuous casting is controlled to be less than 50 ℃, and the continuous casting drawing speed is controlled to be 1.2-2.0 m/min.
In the step B, the temperature of the hot rolling process is controlled to be 950-1250 ℃.
In the step B, the temperature of the solution treatment is controlled to be 1020-1120 ℃.
And in the step C, the cold drawing is carried out until the deformation is more than 75%, and the aging is carried out at 400-600 ℃.
By adopting the age hardening austenitic stainless steel and the preparation method thereof, the austenitic stainless steel hard wire with high strength, non-magnetism and good corrosion resistance is obtained through chemical component design and manufacturing process control, and can be applied to the wire applications of processing and manufacturing high-performance stainless steel springs and the like, the tensile strength of the wire reaches more than 1600MPa, and the PREN value is more than or equal to 23.
Detailed Description
The age-hardened austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.04-0.12 carbon, 0.8-1.6 silicon, 1.5-2.5 manganese, 18.0-23.0 chromium, 8.0-12.0 nickel, 0.5-1.5 molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.50 copper, 0.15-0.25 nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.80 niobium, less than or equal to 0.80 cobalt, and less than or equal to 0.3 niobium + cobalt and less than or equal to 1.0, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. Wherein,
carbon: is a strong austenite forming element, can improve the strength of steel, obviously reduce Md30/50 temperature and effectively inhibit the generation of magnetic martensite in the cold deformation process. When the carbon content is too high, a significant decrease in corrosion properties is caused, and too high a strength and too poor plasticity cause difficulty in cold working. Therefore, the carbon content is preferably 0.04 to 0.12%.
Silicon: is a ferrite forming element and can also be used as a deoxidizer in the smelting process. The austenite steel contains a certain amount of silicon which is helpful for improving the oxidation resistance and the acid corrosion resistance, but if the addition of silicon is excessive, the precipitation of intermetallic phases is accelerated by the silicon, and the processing and toughness are deteriorated, so the addition of silicon is preferably controlled to be 0.8-1.6%.
Manganese: the manganese is a weak austenite element and plays a role in stabilizing austenite, the manganese cost is low, the manganese can be used for replacing nickel to a certain extent, in addition, the addition of the manganese can obviously improve the solubility of nitrogen and reduce the Md30/50 temperature. The influence of manganese on the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is basically negative, and in order to consider the cost and the corrosion resistance of the material, the content of manganese is controlled to be 1.5-2.5%.
Chromium: the important element for improving the corrosion resistance can improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in oxidizing acid and improve the local corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in chloride solution, such as stress corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance and the like. If the amount is too low, the corrosion resistance is poor, but if the amount is too high, the tendency of ferrite and intermetallic compounds to precipitate increases, and therefore, it is preferably 18.0 to 23.0%.
Nickel: as an element for strongly forming and expanding the austenite region, it is possible to improve the stability of the austenite structure and the hot workability, improve the impact toughness of the steel, and reduce the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the steel, but the nickel content is preferably controlled to be 8.0 to 12.0% because the nickel is expensive.
Molybdenum: the ferrite-forming element improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and particularly, in the case of the complex action with chromium, the pitting corrosion resistance equivalent is 3.3 times that of chromium, but the addition is not preferable in consideration of the price, and therefore, the amount is preferably controlled to be 0.5 to 1.5%.
Nitrogen: the high-nitrogen double-phase stainless steel is a strong austenite forming element, the austenite forming capacity of nitrogen is far higher than that of nickel, the Md30/50 temperature is obviously reduced, the Ni is replaced by the nitrogen, the cost can be obviously reduced, the corrosion resistance of the austenite phase can be obviously improved under the synergistic action of the nitrogen and the chromium and the molybdenum, particularly the pitting corrosion resistance and the crevice corrosion resistance, but the nitrogen is also a strong solid solution strengthening element, the strength and the hardness of the double-phase stainless steel can be obviously improved under the synergistic effect of the nitrogen and the chromium and the molybdenum, the risk of forming nitrides is increased, the toughness and the corrosion resistance of the material are reduced, and the adverse effect on cold working is caused, so that the content is preferably.
Copper: is an austenite forming element and can improve formability and corrosion resistance in reducing acid. Too high copper is not favorable for hot working, and therefore, it is preferably controlled to 0.50% or less.
Niobium: c, N has strong combination effect, and can be used as stabilizing element in steel to improve corrosion resistance of steel, and can be used for dispersion strengthening and grain refinement to improve mechanical properties of material. Too high is disadvantageous to plasticity and high in cost, so that it is preferably controlled to 0.80% or less.
Cobalt: is an austenite forming element, can improve the wear resistance, strength and oxidation resistance of the steel, and has high cost. Therefore, the cobalt content in the steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.80 percent.
The composition ratio of the present invention to the prior art is shown in table 1:
table 1 (wt.%)
Compared with the prior art, the stainless steel has the following characteristics and positive effects:
the nitrogen and the carbon are strong austenite forming elements, the contents of the carbon and the nitrogen are controlled within a reasonable range and are respectively 0.04-0.12% and 0.15-0.25%, on one hand, the austenite stabilizing effect is achieved, the Md30/50 temperature is obviously reduced, the generation of magnetic martensite in the cold deformation process is effectively inhibited, and on the other hand, the reasonable content of the carbon and the nitrogen does not obviously reduce the plasticity and toughness of the material; in addition, the manganese content is controlled to be 1.5-2.5%, the nickel content is controlled to be 8.0-12.0%, further austenite stabilization is facilitated, the non-magnetism can be kept under a large amount of cold deformation, and meanwhile good processing performance is guaranteed; in addition, the contents of high chromium and molybdenum are controlled to be 18.0-23.0% and 0.5-1.5% respectively, and a proper amount of silicon is added, according to an empirical formula PREN (pitting resistance equivalent) for evaluating the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, the austenitic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, wherein the formula PREN is Cr% +3.3 Mo% + 16N% -Mn%.
In addition, the austenitic stainless steel controls niobium to be less than or equal to 0.80, cobalt to be less than or equal to 0.80 and niobium plus cobalt to be less than or equal to 0.3 to be less than or equal to 1.0, so that dispersed precipitated phases can be precipitated in the aging process after cold deformation, the strength of the material is improved, and the processing of the material is not influenced.
The age-hardening austenitic stainless steel can be produced in batch by using the existing stainless steel wire production line, and the specific preparation method comprises the steps of smelting in an electric furnace, AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) and LF (ladle refining furnace), and then obtaining a continuous casting square billet through continuous casting, wherein the superheat degree of the continuous casting is controlled to be less than 45 ℃, and the continuous casting drawing speed is controlled to be 1.2-2.0 m/min, so that the production cost is further reduced by adopting a continuous casting process; and (3) hot rolling the wire rod on a wire rod rolling unit to form a wire rod with a required specification, controlling the temperature in the rolling process to be 950-1250 ℃, carrying out solution treatment on the hot rolled wire rod, controlling the temperature of the solution treatment to be 1020-1120 ℃, and carrying out acid pickling to obtain an austenitic stainless steel hot rolled wire rod product. And then cold-drawing the hot-rolled wire rod to the deformation of more than 75%, aging at 400-600 ℃, and aging at 400-600 ℃ to obtain the high-strength hard wire rod. Due to reasonable chemical component design and proper hot working and heat treatment process control, the produced austenitic stainless steel wire rod product has good plasticity and good cold working performance, the tensile strength reaches more than 1600MPa after aging at 400-600 ℃ when the cold drawing deformation reaches 75%, and the austenitic stainless steel wire rod has non-magnetism and good corrosion performance (the PREN value is more than or equal to 23).
The ingredients of various examples of the present invention, the chemical composition of 304 austenitic stainless steel of comparative example 1, and the chemical composition of 316 austenitic stainless steel of comparative example 2, which are produced by the same process as in the examples, are listed below by table 2.
Table 2 example and comparative example ingredients, balance iron (wt.%) and
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | N | Nb | Co | Nb+Co | |
| example 1 | 0.06 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 19.1 | 12.0 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.17 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Example 2 | 0.04 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 20.3 | 9.5 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.19 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Example 3 | 0.12 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 18.0 | 10.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Example 4 | 0.08 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 21.2 | 11.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.21 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
| Example 5 | 0.07 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 22.4 | 8.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Example 6 | 0.10 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 23.0 | 8.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.23 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.05 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 18.2 | 8.1 | - | 0.1 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.04 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 16.5 | 11.3 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.04 | - | - | - |
Table 3 shows the comparison of the properties of a plurality of examples of the present invention and comparative examples, wherein the mechanical properties are measured according to GB/T228-.
TABLE 3 comparison of the properties of the examples with those of the comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 2, the total content of the noble metals nickel and molybdenum in the stainless steel of the invention is slightly higher than that of 304 stainless steel, and is lower or equivalent than that of 316 austenitic stainless steel, and the cost is moderate; as can be seen from Table 3, compared with 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels, the Md30/50 temperature is lower, the cold work hardening speed is lower under the same cold deformation, martensite phase transformation is not generated, the production difficulty of springs and the like is reduced, the loss of production dies is reduced, the aging hardening capacity is better, high strength (the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1600 MPa) can be finally obtained, the non-magnetic property is maintained, and the corrosion resistance (the PREN value is more than or equal to 23) which is equivalent to or superior to that of the 316 austenitic stainless steel is realized, so that the stainless steel can be used in the fields which require harsh working environments such as chemical machinery, electronic industry and the like with corrosion resistance, non-magnetic property and high strength.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above described embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An age-hardened austenitic stainless steel, comprising, in weight percent:
0.04-0.12 carbon, 0.8-1.6 silicon, 1.5-2.5 manganese, 18.0-23.0 chromium, 8.0-12.0 nickel, 0.5-1.5 molybdenum, less than or equal to 0.50 copper, 0.15-0.25 nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.80 niobium, less than or equal to 0.80 cobalt, and less than or equal to 0.3 niobium + cobalt and less than or equal to 1.0, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
2. The method of making an age hardened austenitic stainless steel of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A. smelting in an electric furnace, an argon-oxygen decarburization furnace and a ladle refining furnace in sequence, and casting after smelting to obtain a continuous casting square billet;
B. putting the continuous casting square billet into a stepping heating furnace for heating, hot-rolling the continuous casting square billet on a wire rolling unit to form a wire rod with a required specification, and obtaining an austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled wire rod after solution treatment and acid pickling;
C. the hot rolled wire rod is cold drawn to different diameters and annealed to obtain a cold drawn wire rod to obtain a high strength hard state wire rod.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step A, the superheat degree of the continuous casting is controlled to be less than 50 ℃, and the continuous casting drawing speed is controlled to be 1.2-2.0 m/min.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step B, the temperature of the hot rolling process is controlled to be 950-1250 ℃.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step B, the temperature of the solution treatment is controlled to be 1020-1120 ℃.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: and in the step C, the cold drawing is carried out until the deformation is more than 75%, and the aging is carried out at 400-600 ℃.
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