CN110468347A - A kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110468347A CN110468347A CN201910821768.8A CN201910821768A CN110468347A CN 110468347 A CN110468347 A CN 110468347A CN 201910821768 A CN201910821768 A CN 201910821768A CN 110468347 A CN110468347 A CN 110468347A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B5/00—Rails; Guard rails; Distance-keeping means for them
- E01B5/02—Rails
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its manufacturing methods, the ingredient of the rail is as follows by weight percentage: C:0.20%~0.30%, Si:1.00%~1.80%, Mn:1.80%~2.80%, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.015%, Cr:0.50%~1.00%, Mo:0.40%~0.70%, Nb:0.02%~0.08%, V:0.05%~0.10%, Ti:0.003%~0.020%, O≤0.0005%, N:0.0030-0.0060%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.Manufacturing method includes smelting-continuous casting-reheating-rolling-tempering；Rail tensile strength >=the 1350MPa produced, yield strength >=1150MPa, elongation percentage >=14%, the impact absorbing energy AK of room temperature impact testU2>=70J, the contraction percentage of area >=50%, hardness >=410HBW.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Material Field more particularly to a kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its manufacturing methods.
Background technique
Heavy haul railway transport in China's is increasingly towards heavy duty, the direction of big annual traffic is developed, in the rail use of common performance
Phenomena such as showing serious abrasion, hurt aggravation, shortens the period that switches tracks, and increases construction of railways amount, while the hurt being on active service
Rail also has large effect to traffic safety.It is proposed on heavy-haul line for the actual conditions Ministry of Railways of China's rail defects and failures
Using high duty rails or heat-treated rail, the research work of high duty rails for many years in continuous carry out, there are mainly two types of
Process route: it is suitble to heat-treated rail first is that developing, second is that improving the intensity and wearability of rail by alloying.
Pearlitic steel rail steel plays the role of solution strengthening by the way that silicon addition, Mn, Cr etc. is added, and keeps C curve right
It moves, the acquisition smaller pearlitic structrure of piece spacing under identical cooling rate, the harden ability of raising intensity and steel, such as U75VH,
The rail head of the materials such as U77MnCrH, U78CrVH hardens heat-treated rail.The plasticity of lamellar pearlite can use the contraction percentage of area
It indicates, the factor time slice interlamellar spacing of the control layer lamellar pearlite contraction percentage of area.In pearlitic structrure, matrix ferritic phase
Be it is more stable, plasticity is mainly related with cementite phase state.When piece spacing is larger, lamella cementite be it is continuous,
And piece spacing it is smaller when, synusia cementite be it is discontinuous, incomplete times of synusia cementite of synusia ferrite is isolated, therefore
With very high plasticity.Fine pearlite has preferable wear-resisting property, Fine pearlite and tempered sorbite group
The wearability knitted all is improved with the rising of hardness, and when hardness reaches HRC42, the wearability of fine pearlite is than tempering rope
Family name's body is higher by 2 times, and the wear-resisting property and rolling contact fatigue life of rail can be improved in refinement pearlitic structrure structure.One side
The tensile strength and wear-resisting property of rail can be improved in face, the average diameter for reducing pearlite agglomerate, on the other hand, reduces pearly-lustre
Body piece spacing can significantly improve the antistripping ability of rail, thus significantly improve the wear-resisting property and rolling contact fatigue of rail
Service life.
Patent " the rail and its manufacturer of wear resistance and resistance to internal hurt function admirable of Japanese Zhi Tie Co., Ltd.
Hypereutectoid pearlitic steel rail steel in method " (ZL96190344.9) is mentioned by increasing the density of cementite phase in pearlite piece
High-wear resistance.Its chemical component are as follows: 0.89%C, 0.48%Si, 0.61%Mn, 0.25%Cr.Tensile strength reaches after heat treatment
To 1300MPa or more.
Above-mentioned rail is characterized in that being pearlitic structrure, improves harden ability element by increasing C and Cr etc., in conjunction with
Heat treatment mode makes intensity reach 1300MPa grades, and the toughness plasticity of rail is substantially reduced while intensity improves, and cooling rate is excessively high
It is possible that martensite abnormal structure, destroys rail interior tissue continuity, fatigue crack source is formed in use and is caused
Core wound, toughness plasticity reduction also increase core and hurt expansion rate, eventually lead to rail fracture, influence traffic safety.
Relative to pearlite steel rail, bainite rail obtains higher-strength by alloying has good tough modeling simultaneously
Property, rail head tunneling boring performance uniformity are better than pearlite heat-treated rail, such as:
1) Chinese Patent Application No. 200810012105.3 discloses " a kind of hot rolled bainite steel rail and production technology ", should
Ingredient design in method obtains the preferable bainitic steel of obdurability by C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo and Nb, V, Ti microalloying
Rail, but and to consider that O, N harmful element make requirement in steel, do not reflect controlled rolling scheme in terms of rolling mill practice, therefore fail to fill
The intensity and the advantage in terms of impact flexibility that fission reveals bainite rail.
2) Chinese Patent Application No. 201310327055.9 discloses " a kind of bainite rail steel and manufacturing method ", should
In method other than containing the elements such as Mn, Mo, Nb, V, Cr constituent content 1.3%~2.0%, A1 content 0.05%-1.0%,
Although alloying element be added it is more, do not make stipulations to control process, thus improve bainite rail intensity in terms of by
To limitation, tensile strength only reaches 1250MPa or more, and yield strength is only 850MPa or more, although impact flexibility is higher, it is clear that
It is not able to satisfy the needs of Heavy-haul Freight and sharp radius curve wear resistant rail.
3) Chinese Patent Application No. 200910063581.2 discloses " a kind of ultra-high strength bainite rail steel and its system
Make method ", it be 1.10~1.70%, Mn for 0.20~0.50%, Si is that 1.60~2.40%, Cr is which, which uses C,
1.00~1.60%, Mo are the design of ingredient that 0.10~0.60%, Al is 0.05~1.20%, while being not directed to O, N etc. have
Evil control of element and controlled rolling process scheme, have the characteristics that alloy content height, high production cost, rail strength are excessively high, rail exists
The equilibrium problem of abrasion and fatigue is considered as in use, excessively high intensity makes abrasion lighten and exacerbate fatigue defect, can't
The service life of rail is improved, for the axis weight of Heavy-haul Freight vehicle generally at 30 tons or so, intensity reaches 1300-1400MPa
It meets the requirements, while also having taken into account good wheel rail relation matching problem, therefore application of the invention on existing railway has
Limitation.
Inventor is analyzing the documents and materials such as related patents, in conjunction with the existing pearlite heat-treated rail of China's heavy haul railway
And the applicable cases of bainite rail, it proposes to pass through harmful element in control steel using based on carbide-free Bainite tissue
O, the content of N obtains high-strength tenacity ferrite bainite group with higher by reasonably controlling technique fining austenite grains
The rail knitted.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above problem and insufficient and provide a kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its system
Method is made, for the railway of the heavy haul railway main line and sharp radius curve bainite rail of 60kg/m~75kg/m specification, In
On the basis of hot rolled bainite steel rail is at offshoot program, the micro alloying elements such as compound addition Nb, V, Ti control O, N content in steel and subtract
Its few influence to performance obtains the austenite grain of refinement by the rolling interval time and temperature that control each steel rolling process,
The air-cooled rail for obtaining the good ferrite bainite tissue of obdurability.
What the object of the invention was realized in:
A kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail, the ingredient of the rail are as follows by weight percentage: C:0.20%~
0.30%, Si:1.00%~1.80%, Mn:1.80%~2.80%, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.015%, Cr:0.50%
~1.00%, Mo:0.40%~0.70%, Nb:0.02%~0.08%, V:0.05%~0.10%, Ti:0.003%~
0.020%, O≤0.0005%, N:0.0030-0.0060%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Tensile strength (Rm) >=1350MPa of the high-strength tenacity bainite rail, yield strength (Rp0.2)≥
1150MPa, elongation percentage (A) >=14%, the impact absorbing energy AK of room temperature impact testU2>=70J, the contraction percentage of area (Z) >=
50%, hardness >=410HB.
It is as follows that present component designs reason:
C is the highest matrix strengthening type element of cost performance, mainly guarantees that the intensity and hardness of matrix, C content are lower than
When 0.10%, the wearability of rail not can guarantee；And C content be higher than 0.30% when, be unfavorable for the forming core and length of bainitic ferrite
Greatly, it will increase rail profile center portion degree of segregation, reduce toughness plasticity.Therefore, select C content for 0.20%~0.30%.
Si is solid-solution type intensified element, is mainly solid-solution in ferrite, improves the yield strength of steel, in bainitic steel rail steel
The formation of carbide when preventing bainite transformation is played, carbide-free Bainite is formed, improves toughness.When lower than 1.00%, nothing
Method realizes the effect for inhibiting carbide to be formed, and when being higher than 1.80%, then will appear more retained austenite phase in tissue, makes steel
Intensity decline.So selecting Si content is 1.00%~1.80%.
Mn and Cr reduces the start temperature that bainite is formed, and increases the degree of supercooling of steel, guarantees that air-cooled condition downloading is lower
Bainite transformation occurs for temperature.When Mn is lower than 1.80%, need to be added the substitute element of other high prices, when being higher than 2.80%, meeting
Lead to serious segregation, generate martensite, destroys matrix strength and plasticity.Martensitic structure and chromium are also easy to produce when Cr too high levels
Carbide Precipitation, reduce the toughness of steel.
Mo can reduce bainite transformation temperature, helps to stablize bainite transformation and strengthens bainite structure, improves steel
Toughness plasticity is not damaged while intensity, and improves the welding performance of Aldecor.
Compound addition Nb, V, Ti microalloy element, makes rail that certain Nb, V, Ti can be precipitated in rolling temperature range
Carbonitride, austenite recrystallization crystal grain is grown up when inhibiting steel rail rolling, while using carbonitride as bainite phase
Nuclear particle is deformed, increases number of nuclei, lath bainitic ferrite can be generated as much as possible, make retained austenite lath,
Limit the size and shared ratio on the island M-A.
O is that oxide elements are formed in steel, and oxygen content Gao Shihui makes to remain in the increase of the oxide in steel, reduces the modeling of steel
The mechanical properties such as property, toughness, intensity, fatigue strength, therefore the present invention claims O≤0.0005%.
N is the essential element to form Carbonitride Precipitation, but is limited by steel rail rolling technique, can only obtain a certain amount of analysis
Phase out, therefore excessive N is persisted in steel, can generate timeliness when room temperature is placed for a long time, nitrogen can be precipitated in the form of Fe4N, from
And the intensity of steel, hardness are increased, and plasticity, toughness decline, therefore the control of N content should ensure that a certain amount of carbonitride analysis
Out, the content of residue N in steel is controlled, therefore the present invention limits N:0.0030%-0.0050%.
The two of technical solution of the present invention are to provide a kind of manufacturing method of high-strength tenacity bainite rail, including smelting-company
Casting-reheating-rolling-tempering；
(1) reheat: continuous casting billet soaking temperature is 1250-1300 DEG C, and soaking time is 1-1.5 hours, this temperature is advantageous
In continuous casting billet homogenization of composition, and ensure the smooth implementation of the scheme of controlled rolling, excessive temperature may cause continuous casting billet mistake
Heat bends in burner hearth, and crossing low temperature reduces continuous casting billet rail temperature in later period rolling, and resistance of deformation increases, and rolls
Specification processed is difficult to control.
(2) roll: continuous casting billet split rolling method uses pass roughing mill, and 1150-1200 DEG C of start rolling temperature, steel rail rolling uses
Universal mill, start rolling temperature are 950-1000 DEG C, and finishing temperature is 850-900 DEG C, and cooled to room temperature, passes through in air
The control of roughing mill and universal mill start rolling temperature effectively controls recrystal grain and grows up, the austenite refined after steel rail rolling
Crystal grain is changed into ferrite bainite tissue through air-cooled, obtains good performance.
(3) be tempered: room temperature rail uses 250~350 DEG C of isothermal holding 5-10 of tempering furnace after roll straightening unit aligning
Hour after it is air-cooled, in the unstable retained austenite of effects of strain to martensite transfor mation, cause the position toughness plasticity reduce development be
The problems such as formation of crack causes core to hurt defect or rail fracture stabilizes unstable retained austenite by tempering.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention controls O, N content in steel, controlled rolling process appropriate is cooperated to obtain by force by Nb, V, Ti microalloying
The rail of the good ferrite bainite tissue of toughness smelts ingredient and realizes stability contorting, and production technology meets existing rolling equipment
Capability Requirement, Mechanics Performance Testing has been carried out to the test rail of acquisition and has been shown: tensile strength (Rm) >=1350MPa, surrender
Intensity (Rp0.2) >=1150MPa, elongation percentage (A) >=14%, the impact absorbing energy AK of room temperature impact testU2>=70J, section are received
Shrinkage (Z) >=50%, hardness >=410HB.It is compared with comparative example rail, tensile strength mean value improves 6% or more, and yield strength is equal
Value improves 28% or more, and impact absorbing energy mean value improves 70% or more, and hardness mean value improves 9% or more.Bayesian of the invention
Body rail has good obdurability, wearability, meets the requirement of heavy haul railway and sharp radius curve.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The embodiment of the present invention carries out smelting-continuous casting-slab heating-rolling-time according to the component proportion of technical solution
Fire.The ingredient of rail of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Table 1.The main technologic parameters of rail of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in Table 2.The present invention is implemented
The performance of example rail is shown in Table 3.
The ingredient (wt%) of 1 rail of the embodiment of the present invention of table
The main technologic parameters of 2 rail of the embodiment of the present invention of table
The performance of 3 rail of the embodiment of the present invention of table
In order to state the present invention, explanation appropriately and is being sufficiently carried out to the present invention by embodiment among the above, it is above
Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in related technical field, not
In the case where being detached from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it can also make a variety of changes and modification, made any modification are equally replaced
It changes, improve, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention, scope of patent protection of the invention should be limited by claim
It is fixed.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail, which is characterized in that the ingredient of the rail is as follows by weight percentage: C:
0.20%~0.30%, Si:1.00%~1.80%, Mn:1.80%~2.80%, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.015%,
Cr:0.50%~1.00%, Mo:0.40%~0.70%, Nb:0.02%~0.08%, V:0.05%~0.10%, Ti:
0.003%~0.020%, O≤0.0005%, N:0.0030-0.0060%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. a kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-strength tenacity bainite
Tensile strength >=1350MPa of rail, yield strength >=1150MPa, elongation percentage >=14%, the impact absorbing of room temperature impact test
Energy AKU2>=70J, the contraction percentage of area >=50%, hardness >=410HBW.
3. a kind of a kind of manufacturing method of high-strength tenacity bainite rail of any of claims 1 or 2, including smelting-continuous casting-
Reheating-rolling-tempering；It is characterized by:
(1) reheat: continuous casting billet soaking temperature is 1250-1300 DEG C, and soaking time is 1-1.5 hours；
(2) roll: continuous casting billet split rolling method uses pass roughing mill, and start rolling temperature is 1150-1200 DEG C, steel rail rolling open rolling temperature
Degree is 950-1000 DEG C, and finishing temperature is 850-900 DEG C；
(3) be tempered: room temperature rail is tempered after aligning, air-cooled after 250~350 DEG C of tempering temperature, isothermal holding 5-10 hours.
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| CN113430467A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 江苏沙钢集团有限公司 | Thin 1400 MPa-grade bainite steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113999962A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-01 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | High-toughness bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN114000034A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-01 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Low-yield-ratio high-strength bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN116555669A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-08 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Niobium microalloyed high-strength bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
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