CN110446533A - 不宁腿综合征的药品组合与治疗 - Google Patents
不宁腿综合征的药品组合与治疗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110446533A CN110446533A CN201780068897.3A CN201780068897A CN110446533A CN 110446533 A CN110446533 A CN 110446533A CN 201780068897 A CN201780068897 A CN 201780068897A CN 110446533 A CN110446533 A CN 110446533A
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- cyp2d6 inhibitor
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Abstract
本文公开的实施方案尤其描述了可用于治疗例如不宁腿综合征的剂型、化合物、组合物、药物组合物。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年9月13日提交的美国临时申请第62/393,734号的优先权,该临时申请据此通过引用整体并入。
技术领域
本文描述的实施方案涉及可用于例如治疗或预防不宁腿综合征的组合物和药物组合物。
背景技术
由于许多因素,在脑中起作用的化合物需要高水平才能有效地发挥作用。对于许多药物来说,这个问题难以克服,因为随着水平的增加,副作用也会增加,其中一些副作用是严重的并妨碍该化合物在一般人群中有效使用。因此,需要可用于治疗各种病状而副作用较少和/或功效较佳的产品。本文描述的实施方案提供了这样的相对于先前的组合物具有显著且意想不到的优点的组合物和方法。
发明内容
在一些实施方案中,提供了药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂。在一些实施方案中,所述阿片类激动剂选自由以下项组成的组:曲马多(tramadol)、吗啡(morphine)、羟考酮(oxycodone)、羟吗啡酮(oxymorphone)、阿芬太尼(alfentanil)、烯丙罗定(allylprodine)、阿法罗定(alphaprodine)、阿尼利定(anileridine)、苄吗啡(benzylmorphine)、苯腈米特(bezitramide)、丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)、布托啡诺(butorphanol)、氯尼他秦(clonitazene)、可待因(codeine)、地索吗啡(desomorphine)、右吗拉胺(dextromoramide)、地佐辛(dezocine)、地恩丙胺(diampromide)、二乙酰吗啡酮(diamorphone)、二氢可待因(dihydrocodeine)、二氢吗啡(dihydromorphine)、地美沙朵(dimenoxadol)、地美庚醇(dimepheptanol)、二甲噻丁(dimethylthiambutene)、吗苯丁酯(dioxaphetyl butyrate)、地匹哌酮(dipipanone)、依他佐辛(eptazocine)、依索庚嗪(ethoheptazine)、乙甲噻丁(ethylmethylthiambutene)、乙基吗啡(ethylmorphine)、依托尼秦芬太尼(etonitazene fentanyl)、海洛因(heroin)、氢可酮(hydrocodone)、氢吗啡酮(hydromorphone)、羟哌替啶(hydroxypethidine)、异美沙酮(isomethadone)、凯托米酮(ketobemidone)、左啡诺(levorphanol)、左芬啡烷(levophenacylmorphan)、洛芬太尼(lofentanil)、哌替啶(meperidine)、美普他酚(meptazinol)、美他佐辛(metazocine)、美沙酮(methadone)、美托酮(metopon)、麦罗啡(myrophine)、纳布啡(nalbuphine)、那碎因(narceine)、尼可吗啡(nicomorphine)、去甲左啡诺(norlevorphanol)、去甲美沙酮(normethadone)、烯丙吗啡(nalorphine)、去甲吗啡(normorphine)、诺匹哌酮(norpipanone)、阿片(opium)、阿片全碱(papavereturn)、喷他佐辛(pentazocine)、苯吗庚酮(phenadoxone)、非诺啡烷(phenomorphan)、非那佐辛(phenazocine)、苯哌利定(phenoperidine)、匹米诺定(piminodine)、哌腈米特(piritramide)、普罗庚嗪(proheptazine)、二甲哌替啶(promedol)、丙哌利定(properidine)、丙吡兰(propiram)、丙氧芬(propoxyphene)、舒芬太尼(sufentanil)、替利定(tilidine),或其药学上可接受的盐或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,提供了药物剂型。在一些实施方案中,所述剂型包含NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂。
在一些实施方案中,提供了治疗或预防受试者的不宁腿综合征或其症状的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用本文描述的药物组合物或剂型。
具体实施方式
除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本领域普通技术人员通常所理解的相同含义。尽管与本文描述的那些类似或等同的方法和材料也可用于本文描述的组合物和化合物的实践或试验,但下面描述合适的方法和材料。本文提到的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献均通过引用整体并入。在有冲突的情况下,将以本说明书(包括定义)为准。另外,所述材料、方法和实例仅为说明性的,无意进行限制。通过以下详细说明和权利要求,本文描述的组合物和化合物的其他特征和优点将显而易见。
本文描述了各种组合物。本文描述的每种组合物也可以是药物组合物。
本文描述的本发明的实施方案提供了出人意料且令人惊讶地治疗或预防不宁腿综合征或其症状的组合物。这些症状包括但不限于腿部不适感觉和/或不可抗拒的移动腿部以减轻该感觉的冲动。其他症状包括但不限于腿部瘙痒、针刺感或“令人抓狂”的感觉。在一些实施方案中,提供了通过施用本文描述的组合物和形式而减轻本文描述的症状的方法。在一些实施方案中,症状大大减轻。在一些实施方案中,症状减轻但未完全消除。因此,本文描述的方法和组合物可用于通过施用本文描述的组合物和形式来治疗不宁腿综合征的症状。在一些实施方案中,本文描述的组合物和形式可用于治疗与不宁腿综合征相关的失眠。因此,在一些实施方案中,提供了通过施用本文描述的组合物和形式而在患有不宁腿综合征的受试者中改善睡眠或诱导睡眠的方法。令人惊讶的结果来自以下三种化合物的组合:阿片类激动剂(诸如阿片类激动剂)、CYP2D6抑制剂和NMDA拮抗剂。不受任何特定理论的束缚,与仅一种或两种化合物相比,三种类型化合物的组合使得化合物的组合能在一定水平上有效治疗或预防不宁腿综合征及其症状。因此,应该能够使用较少量的阿片类激动剂,从而产生较少的副作用,或使用与本申请之前所使用的类似量的阿片类激动剂而具有更好的结果。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物具有比单独的阿片类激动剂持续时间更长的效果。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物还具有较低的耐受性发生率。例如,关于本文描述的组合物,组合物可具有较低的耐受性发生率,从而将阿片类激动剂的量保持为最低,这可以减少一种或多种对于使用阿片类激动剂而言常见的副作用。本文描述的优点也可适用于施用所有三种组分(例如阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂)或使所有三种组分存在于一种组合物中,与仅有阿片类激动剂激动剂、右美沙芬(dextromethorphan)或CYP2D6抑制剂中的两种完全不同。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂的组合与单独的任一组分或仅其中两种的组合相比具有减少的其他副作用。减少或改善的副作用的实例包括但不限于血糖升高、震颤、焦虑、胆固醇升高、运动异常/不受控制、催乳素升高、昏厥、癫痫发作、肌肉痉挛、疲劳、体重增加、体重减轻、便秘、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、胃痛、食欲不振、潮红(例如发热、发红或刺痛感)、头痛、头晕、眩晕感、记忆问题、睡眠问题(失眠)、怪梦、嗜睡、头晕目眩、流涎、幻觉、噩梦、瘙痒、荨麻疹、妄想知觉、心神不安、口干等。因此,本文描述的组合物可减少或减轻这些副作用中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,所述一种或多种副作用减少与阿片类激动剂(例如羟考酮或羟吗啡酮)相关。
因此,在一些实施方案中,提供了包含阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂的组合物。在一些实施方案中,提供了包含阿片类激动剂、右美沙芬、奎尼丁(quinidine)、前述每一种或任一种的药学上可接受的盐、或其任何组合的组合物。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂是羟考酮。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂是阿片类激动剂。阿片类激动剂的实例包括但不限于阿芬太尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、阿尼利定、苄吗啡、苯腈米特、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、氯尼他秦、可待因、地索吗啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、地恩丙胺、二乙酰吗啡酮、二氢可待因、二氢吗啡、地美沙朵、地美庚醇、二甲噻丁、吗苯丁酯、地匹哌酮、依他佐辛、依索庚嗪、乙甲噻丁、乙基吗啡、依托尼秦芬太尼、海洛因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异美沙酮、凯托米酮、左啡诺、左芬啡烷、洛芬太尼、哌替啶、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美沙酮、美托酮、吗啡、麦罗啡、纳布啡、那碎因、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲美沙酮、烯丙吗啡、去甲吗啡、诺匹哌酮、阿片、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、阿片全碱、喷他佐辛、苯吗庚酮、非诺啡烷、非那佐辛、苯哌利定、匹米诺定、哌腈米特、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙哌利定、丙吡兰、丙氧芬、舒芬太尼、替利定、曲马多、前述每一种或任一种的药学上可接受的盐及其任何混合物。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂是吗啡、羟考酮和氢吗啡酮、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其任何组合。在一些实施方案中,吗啡是硫酸吗啡。
在一些实施方案中,NMDA拮抗剂选自以下一种或多种:右美沙芬、甘氨酸拮抗剂、艾芬地尔(ifenprodil)或艾芬地尔样化合物、金刚烷胺(amantadine)、MK-801(地佐环平(dizocilpine);[5R,10S]-[+]-5-甲基-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5,10-亚胺)、氯胺酮(ketamine)、美金刚(memantine)、D-AP5(D(-)-2-氨基-5-膦酰基戊酸)、CPP(3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)丙基-1-膦酸)、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。在一些实施方案中,NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬。甘氨酸拮抗剂的实例包括但不限于GLYX-13、TK-40、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACPC)、7-氯犬尿喹啉酸、DCKA(5,7-二氯犬尿喹啉酸)、犬尿喹啉酸、拉考沙胺(lacosamide)、L-苯丙氨酸等。本文描述的组合物和剂型可具有一种或多种甘氨酸拮抗剂。在一些实施方案中,右美沙芬是水合物,诸如但不限于一水氢溴酸右美沙芬。
在一些实施方案中,所述CYP2D6抑制剂选自以下一种或多种:奎尼丁、美沙酮、安非他酮(bupropion)、西那卡塞(cinacalcet)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)、度洛西汀(duloxetine)、舍曲林(sertraline)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、胺碘酮(amiodarone)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,将组合物配制为用于同时施用。如本文所用,“同时施用”因为涉及包含一种以上活性成分或治疗剂的组合物,所以意指每种活性成分或治疗剂基本上或完全同时施用。这些药剂可以以不同的速率或时间被吸收或变得生物可利用,但是组分、成分或药剂的施用是同时的。在一些实施方案中,施用不是同时的。通过使每种组分(例如,阿片类激动剂、NDMA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂)处于相同剂型中可以实现同时施用。当每种组分不处于相同剂型中,但基本上或完全同时施用时,也可以实现同时施用。
组合物中存在的不同组分的比率也可以改变。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约0.1-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约0.5-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约0.7-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约0.8-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约0.9-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.1至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.2至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.3至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.4至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.4至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.5至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.6至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.7至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.8至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.9至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为1:1:0.1-1(重量:重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:1:0.9-1.5(重量:重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.5(重量:重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂的量是增强单独的或与NMDA拮抗剂组合的阿片类激动剂的疗效的有效量。在一些实施方案中,有效量的CYP2D6抑制剂使单独的或与NMDA拮抗剂组合的阿片类激动剂的疗效增强至少1.5、2、2.5、3、4或5倍。可以在非人动物模型或人类研究中比较该增强作用。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约或至少0.1:1、约或至少0.2:1、约或至少0.3:1、约或至少0.4:1、约或至少0.5:1、约或至少0.6:1、约或至少0.7:1、约或至少0.8:1、约或至少0.9:1、约或至少1:1、约或至少2:1、约或至少3:1等。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约0.1-1:1、约0.2-1:1、约0.3-1:1、约0.4-1:1、约0.5-1:1、约0.6-1:1、约0.7-1:1、约0.8-1:1、约0.9-1:1或约1-2:1、或约1-3:1、或约1-4:1、或约1-5:1。
在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬的比率为约1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬的比率为约0.1-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬的比率为约0.5-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬的比率为约0.7-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬的比率为约0.8-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬的比率为约0.9-1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.1至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.2至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.3至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.4至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.4至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.5至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.6至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.7至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.8至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约1:0.9至1:1(重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬与奎尼丁的比率为1:1:0.1-1(重量:重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬与奎尼丁的比率为约1:1:0.9-1.5(重量:重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬与奎尼丁的比率为约0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.5(重量:重量:重量)。在一些实施方案中,奎尼丁的量是增强不含奎尼丁的阿片类激动剂和右美沙芬的疗效的有效量。在一些实施方案中,有效量的奎尼丁使阿片类激动剂和右美沙芬的疗效增强至少1.5、2、2.5、3、4或5倍。可以在非人动物模型(诸如甩尾(tail flick)模型)中或在要求受试者量化疼痛缓解的人类研究中比较该增强作用。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约或至少0.1:1、约或至少0.2:1、约或至少0.3:1、约或至少0.4:1、约或至少0.5:1、约或至少0.6:1、约或至少0.7:1、约或至少0.8:1、约或至少0.9:1、约或至少1:1、约或至少2:1、约或至少3:1等。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂与奎尼丁的比率为约0.1-1:1、约0.2-1:1、约0.3-1:1、约0.4-1:1、约0.5-1:1、约0.6-1:1、约0.7-1:1、约0.8-1:1、约0.9-1:1、或约1-2:1、或约1-3:1、或约1-4:1、或约1-5:1。
在一些实施方案中,NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:1、约2:1、约1:2或其间的任何比率。阿片类激动剂的比率也可以是如本文所提供的那样,同时如本节所述,保持NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6的比率恒定。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂的比率是NMDA拮抗剂的约2-10、约2-8、约2-6、约2-5、约2-4或约2-3倍。
在一些实施方案中,所述组合物包含约10mg、约20mg、约30mg、约40mg、约50mg、约60mg阿片类激动剂。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物包含约10至约100mg、约10至约90mg、约10至约80mg、约10至约70mg、约10至约60mg、约10至约50mg、约10至约40mg、约10至约30mg、约10至约20mg、约20至约100mg、约20至约90mg、约20至约80mg、约20至约70mg、约20至约60mg、约20至约50mg、约20至约40mg、约20至约30mg、约30至约100mg、约30至约90mg、约30至约80mg、约30至约70mg、约30至约60mg、约30至约50mg、约30至约40mg、约40至约100mg、约40至约90mg、约40至约80mg、约40至约70mg、约40至约60mg、约40至约50mg、约50至约100mg、约50至约90mg、约50至约80mg、约50至约70mg、约50至约60mg、约60至约100mg、约60至约90mg、约60至约80mg、约60至约70mg、约70至约100mg、约70至约90mg、约70至约80mg、约80至约100mg、约80至约90mg或约90至约100mg。
在一些实施方案中,所述组合物包含选自由羟考酮和阿片类激动剂组成的组的阿片类激动剂。
如本文所讨论的,在一些实施方案中,口服剂型可包含活性成分拮抗剂。在一些实施方案中,口服剂型包含隔离的(sequestered)活性成分拮抗剂。隔离的活性成分拮抗剂是不能生物利用的活性成分拮抗剂,除非对口服剂型进行篡改或掺假。活性剂因其欣快效果可能被滥用,如果所述剂型是受控释放或持续释放剂型,则破碎所述剂型可以增加阿片类激动剂的生物利用率。因此,为了防止滥用,所述剂型可以用活性成分拮抗剂制备,使得如果所述剂型被使用该剂型的受试者改变、掺假或篡改,则阿片类激动剂的活性受到抑制。因此,在一些实施方案中,口服剂型还包含隔离的活性剂拮抗剂,当所述剂型完整施用时,所述隔离的活性剂拮抗剂不释放。在一些实施方案中,隔离的拮抗剂是在所述剂型被人篡改并滥用时将会消除阿片类激动剂的欣快效果的量。通过口服、胃肠外、鼻内或舌下施用经篡改的剂型可导致剂型滥用。在一些实施方案中,隔离的拮抗剂选自由纳曲酮(naltrexone)、纳洛酮(naloxone)、纳美芬(nalmefene)、环佐辛(cyclazocine)、左洛啡烷(levallorphan)、其药学上可接受的盐及其混合物组成的组。隔离的拮抗剂及其制剂的其他实例在美国专利8,231,901中有描述,该专利据此通过引用并入。在一些实施方案中,所述拮抗剂是阿片类拮抗剂。
本文还提供了治疗或预防不宁腿综合征的方法,其包括向受试者施用本文描述的组合物或药物组合物。本文描述的组合物、剂型等可用于改善不宁腿综合征的症状。
在一些实施方案中,不宁腿综合征症状是人腿部的不适感、不可抗拒的移动腿部以减轻该感觉的冲动、腿部瘙痒、腿部针刺感、跳痛、疼痛、牵引感、咬痛、灼烧等。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物用于预防腿部夜间颤搐。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物用于释放移动腿部的冲动以缓解不宁腿综合征的症状。在一些实施方案中,用包含阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂的组合物治疗或预防不宁腿综合征的症状。在一些实施方案中,NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬或其药学上可接受的盐。在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂是羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、氢可酮、曲马多、替利定、二氢可待因、可待因、丙氧芬或美沙酮。
在一些实施方案中,所述组合物或药物组合物或剂型每2小时、每4小时、每6小时、每8小时、每12小时或每24小时施用一次。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物或药物组合物或剂型每天施用1、2、3或4次。
在一些实施方案中,受试者(患者)先前已经对不宁腿综合征进行了治疗。在一些实施方案中,受试者是有此需要的受试者。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括治疗遭受不宁腿综合征加剧的不宁腿综合征患者。加剧可以被称为由于对不宁腿综合征正在进行的治疗而引起的不宁腿综合征的症状恶化。在一些实施方案中,受试者用较少的阿片类激动剂治疗,因为受试者先前已经对不宁腿综合征进行了治疗。在一些实施方案中,受试者用NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂的组合治疗,其中相较于阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂中的一种或两种一起使用时,阿片类激动剂减少约或至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或90%。在一些实施方案中,受试者用NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂的组合治疗,其中相较于阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂中的一种或两种一起使用时,阿片类激动剂减少约10%至约90%、约10%至约80%、约10%至约70%、约10%至约80%、约10%至约70%、约10%至约60%、约10%至约50%、约30至约60%、约40%至约60%、或约50%至约75%。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂的量在遭受不宁腿综合征加剧的受试者中较低。
由于有滥用的可能性,许多活性成分连同风险评估与减低策略(REMS)一起施用。REMS可包括用药指南、患者包装说明书、沟通计划、确保安全使用的要素、实施系统或其任何组合。因为本文描述的组合物可以使用较少量的阿片类激动剂,所以可能不需要使用风险评估与减低策略。因此,在一些实施方案中,所述方法不包括使用风险评估与减低策略或REMS的任何要素,其中一些要素在本文中有描述。
在一些实施方案中,除了本文描述的组分外,所述组合物还可包含非甾体抗炎剂,诸如阿司匹林(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、萘普生(naproxen)、苯噁洛芬(benoxaprofen)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、非诺洛芬(fenoprofen)、氟布芬(flubufen)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、吲哚洛芬(indoprofen)、吡罗芬(piroprofen)、咔洛芬(carprofen)、奥沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、普拉莫芬(pramoprofen)、莫罗洛芬(muroprofen)、曲美洛芬(trioxaprofen)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、氨布洛芬(aminoprofen)、噻洛芬酸(tiaprofenic acid)、氟洛芬(fluprofen)、布氯酸(bucloxicacid)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、舒林酸(sulindac)、托美丁(tolmetin)、佐美酸(zomepirac)、硫平酸(tiopinac)、齐多美辛(zidometacin)、阿西美辛(acemetacin)、芬替酸(fentiazac)、环氯茚酸(clidanac)、奥品酸(oxpinac)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、甲氯芬那酸(meclofenamic acid)、氟芬那酸(flufenamic acid)、尼氟酸(niflumic acid)、托芬那酸(tolfenamic acid)、二氟尼柳(diflurisal)、氟苯柳(flufenisal)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、舒多昔康(sudoxicam)、伊索昔康(isoxicam)及其药学上可接受的盐及其混合物。可以使用的其他合适药剂的实例包括但不限于以下化学类别的镇痛药、解热药、非甾体抗炎药:水杨酸衍生物,包括阿司匹林、水杨酸钠、三水杨酸胆碱镁、双水杨酸酯(salsalate)、二氟尼柳、水杨酰水杨酸(salicylsalicylic acid)、柳氮磺吡啶(sulfasalazine)和奥沙拉秦(olsalazin);对氨基酚衍生物,包括对乙酰氨基酚和非那西丁(phenacetin);吲哚和茚乙酸类,包括吲哚美辛、舒林酸和依托度酸(etodolac);杂芳基乙酸类,包括托美丁、双氯芬酸和酮咯酸(ketorolac);邻氨基苯甲酸类(芬那酯类(fenamates)),包括甲芬那酸和甲氯芬那酸;烯醇酸类,包括昔康类(吡罗昔康、替诺昔康(tenoxicam))和吡唑烷二酮类(苯基丁氮酮、羟芬沙隆(oxyphenthartazone));和烷酮类,包括萘丁美酮(nabumetone)。有关NSAID的更详细的描述,参见Paul A.Insel,AnalgesicAntipyretic and Antiinflammatory Agents and Drugs Employed in the Treatmentof Gout,见于Goodman&Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 617-57(Perry B.Molinhoff和Raymond W.Ruddon编,第9版,1996)和Glen R.Hanson,Analgesic,Antipyretic and Anti Inflammatory Drugs,见于Remington:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy第II卷1196-1221(A.R.Gennaro编,第19版,1995),它们据此通过引用整体并入。合适的Cox-II抑制剂和5-脂氧合酶抑制剂及其组合在美国专利第6,136,839号中有描述。Cox II抑制剂包括但不限于罗非昔布(rofecoxib)和塞来昔布(celecoxib)。
本文描述的组合物还可包含抗偏头痛剂,其包括但不限于阿吡必利(alpiropride)、双氢麦角胺(dihydroergotamine)、多拉司琼(dolasetron)、麦角柯宁碱(ergocornine)、麦角异柯宁碱(ergocorninine)、麦角隐亭(ergocryptine)、麦角(ergot)、麦角胺(ergotamine)、醋酸氟美烯酮(flumedroxone acetate)、二甲替嗪(fonazine)、麦角乙脲(lisuride)、洛美利嗪(lomerizine)、二甲麦角新碱奥昔托隆(methysergideoxetorone)和苯噻啶(pizotyline)及其混合物。
根据本文描述的方法治疗、改善或预防的任何疼痛可以是急性疼痛或慢性疼痛,诸如但不限于伤害性疼痛、神经性疼痛和心因性疼痛,并且可以是与癌症相关的或与癌症无关的。“伤害性疼痛”的实例包括但不限于由身体组织损伤引起的疼痛,所述损伤包括但不限于割伤、瘀伤、骨折、挤压伤、烧伤、手术等。在一些实施方案中,疼痛是躯体痛。术语“躯体痛”用于指由骨、关节、肌肉、皮肤或结缔组织引起的疼痛。这种类型的疼痛在性质上通常是酸痛或跳痛并且能很好地定位。术语“神经性疼痛”在本文中用于指起源于外周或中枢神经系统对感觉输入的异常处理的疼痛。疼痛也可以是手术的结果,这可以称为术后疼痛。手术的实例包括但不限于牙科或创伤、矫形手术等。在一些实施方案中,本文描述的组合物可用于治疗或预防这些类型的疼痛以及其他类型的疼痛。
本文描述的组合物还可以按治疗有效量施用,以治疗、改善或预防不宁腿综合征。在一些实施方案中,施用本文描述的组合物以产生与单独给予或与NMDA拮抗剂组合给予(但不含CYP2D6抑制剂)的阿片类激动剂相比增强的疗效。在一些实施方案中,NMDA拮抗剂是本文描述的NMDA拮抗剂,包括但不限于右美沙芬。在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂是本文描述的CYP2D6抑制剂,包括但不限于奎尼丁。在一些实施方案中,与仅有单独的阿片类激动剂相比或与和NMDA拮抗剂组合的阿片类激动剂相比,当阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂和NMDA拮抗剂组合施用时,疗效提高至少2-3倍。在一些实施方案中,药物组合物的组分(即阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂或CYP2D6抑制剂)均不是施用给受试者来避免戒断症状的。在一些实施方案中,对于本文描述的组合物,施用不同的组分以治疗、改善或预防不宁腿综合征。也就是说,在一些实施方案中,施用所述组合物或剂型的意图是治疗或缓解不宁腿综合征的症状,而不是为了避免或治疗可与成瘾相关的戒断症状。
如本文所述,药物组合物可以以剂型施用。在一些实施方案中,所述剂型包含阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂。在一些实施方案中,所述剂型包含本文所述比率的每种组分。在一些实施方案中,所述剂型是丸剂、胶囊、片剂、速溶片剂(例如reditab等)、液体、膜剂、速溶膜剂(也可以称为口服薄片(oral wafer)或口服膜剂)。这些剂型的实例在Int J Pharm Investig.2013年4月至6月;3(2):67–76;Curr Drug Deliv.2013年12月;10(6):667-84;Curr Drug Deliv.2013年2月;10(1):96-108;Curr Drug Deliv.2011年7月;8(4):373-80;Curr Drug Deliv.2009年10月;6(5):469-76中有描述,其中的每一个据此通过引用并入。在一些实施方案中,本文描述的组合物是一种剂型。剂型是在施用前将每种活性成分或组分混合在一起的情况。本文描述了剂型的实例,这些实例包括但不限于丸剂、胶囊、液体、片剂等。所述剂型可具有与本文针对所述组合物讨论的相同组分。组分的比率也可以相同。在一些实施方案中,所述剂型适于口服施用、局部施用或肠胃外施用。所述组合物或剂型液也可以经舌下、经颊、经鼻内施用等。本文描述的组合物可以通过任何合适的方法施用。在一些实施方案中,吞咽所述组合物。在一些实施方案中,不吞咽所述组合物。所述组合物还可以例如经皮下、经肌内、经静脉内、透皮或经阴道施用。在一些实施方案中,阿片类激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂和CYP2D6抑制剂的组合同时、单独地施用,或以其组合方式施用。因此,在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂在阿片类激动剂或NMDA拮抗剂之前施用。在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂与阿片类激动剂一起施用,然后接着施用NMDA拮抗剂。在一些实施方案中,CYP2D6抑制剂与NMDA拮抗剂一起施用,然后接着施用阿片类激动剂。在一些实施方案中,每种组分按任何顺序依次施用。在一些实施方案中,它们以相同的剂型或单独的剂型并行施用。
在一些实施方案中,可以将组合物施用于有此需要的受试者、动物、患者或哺乳动物。如本文所用,短语“有此需要”是指已鉴定为对特定的方法、用途或治疗有需要的动物、受试者、患者或哺乳动物。在一些实施方案中,该鉴定可以通过任何诊断手段进行。在本文描述的任何方法和治疗中,动物或哺乳动物可以是有此需要的。在一些实施方案中,动物或哺乳动物处于特定疾病、病症或病状流行的环境中或将前往该特定疾病、病症或病状流行的环境。如本文所述,在一些实施方案中,需要或意图是治疗、改善或预防不宁腿综合征。
如本文所用,术语“哺乳动物”是指啮齿动物(即小鼠、大鼠或豚鼠)、猴、猫、狗、牛、马、猪或人。在一些实施方案中,所述哺乳动物是人。在一些实施方案中,所述哺乳动物是非人哺乳动物。
如本文所用,术语“包含”(和任何形式的包含,诸如“含有”)、“具有”(和任何形式的具有,诸如“带有”)或“包括”(和任何形式的包括,诸如“囊括”)是包括性的或开放式的并且不排除另外的未叙述的要素或方法步骤。
如本文所用,术语“约”意指数值是近似值并且小的变化不会显著影响所公开的实施方案的实践。在使用数值限制的情况下,除非上下文另有说明,否则“约”意指该数值可以变化±10%并且仍然在所公开的实施方案的范围内。
如本文所用,短语“药学上可接受的”是指在合理的医学判断范围内,适合接触人类和动物的组织使用而无过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症,与合理的效益/风险比相称的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
所谓“药物制剂”或“药物组合物”还意指载体、溶剂、赋形剂和盐必须与制剂的活性成分(例如本文描述的化合物)相容。本领域的普通技术人员应理解,术语“药物制剂”和“药物组合物”通常可互换,并如此用于本申请的目的。如本文所讨论的,本文描述的组合物可以是药物组合物。该组合物还可以具有母体化合物的药学上可接受的盐。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的盐”是指所公开的化合物的衍生物,其中母体化合物通过制备其酸式盐或碱式盐而改性。药学上可接受的盐的实例包括但不限于碱性残基诸如胺的矿物酸盐或有机酸盐;酸性残基诸如羧酸的碱性盐或有机盐;等等。药学上可接受的盐包括例如由无毒的无机酸或有机酸形成的母体化合物的常规无毒盐或季铵盐。例如,此类常规的无毒盐包括但不限于衍生自选自以下的无机酸和有机酸的那些盐:2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、重碳酸、碳酸、柠檬酸、依他酸、乙二磺酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖酸、葡萄糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、乙醇酰对氨基苯基胂酸(glycollyarsanilic)、己基间苯二酚酸(hexylresorcinic)、异羟肟酸(hydrabamic)、氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸盐、羟基马来酸、羟基萘酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂基磺酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、萘磺酸(napsylic)、硝酸、草酸、扑酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、磷酸、聚半乳糖醛酸、丙酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、亚乙酸(subacetic)、琥珀酸、氨基磺酸、磺胺酸、硫酸、鞣酸、酒石酸和甲苯磺酸。本公开包括本文描述的任何化合物的药学上可接受的盐。
药学上可接受的盐可以通过常规化学方法由含有碱性或酸性部分的母体化合物合成。通常,此类盐可以通过使这些化合物的游离酸或碱形式与化学计量的适当的碱或酸在水中或在有机溶剂中或在两者的混合物中;通常,在非水性介质如醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈等中反应来制备。合适的盐的列表可在Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences,第18版,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA,USA,第1445页(1990)中找到。
“稳定化合物”和“稳定结构”意在表示足够稳健而经受住从反应混合物中分离达到有用的纯度并配制成有效治疗剂的化合物。
如本文所用,“治疗”包括导致病状、疾病、病症等改善的任何作用,例如减轻、减少、调节或消除。对疾病状态的“治疗”意指对哺乳动物(诸如人类)中的疾病状态的治疗,并且包括:(a)抑制现有疾病状态,即阻止其发展或其临床症状;和/或(c)解除疾病状态,即引起疾病状态的消退。例如,关于本文描述的症状,对症状的治疗将是减少在没有施用该组合物的情况下将会具有的症状。例如,在一些实施方案中,术语“治疗”症状包括症状严重程度的减轻或症状的终止。在一些实施方案中,它是指降低症状发作的总体频率。
如本文所用,“预防”意指在可能暴露于疾病状态或易感染该疾病状态但尚未经历或展示出该疾病状态的症状的受试者中,使疾病状态的临床症状不发展,即抑制疾病的发作。
如本文所用,短语“治疗有效量”意指在组织、系统、动物、个体或人类中引发研究人员、兽医、医师或其他临床医生正在寻求的生物或药物反应的活性化合物或药剂的量。疗效取决于所治疗的病症或所需的生物效应。因此,疗效可以是病症相关症状的严重程度的降低和/或病症进展的抑制(部分或完全),或者病症或副作用得到治疗改善、愈合、预防或消除。引发治疗反应所需的量可以基于受试者的年龄、健康、大小和性别来确定。还可以基于对受试者对本文所述方法的反应的监测来确定最佳量。所述组合物也可以按治疗有效量施用。
本发明的组合物(包括剂型)可以任选地包含适量的药学上可接受的赋形剂,以便提供用于向动物正确施用的形式。此类药物赋形剂可以是但不限于液体,诸如水和油,包括石油、动物、植物或合成来源的那些,诸如花生油、大豆油、矿物油、芝麻油等。药物赋形剂可以是盐水、阿拉伯树胶、明胶、淀粉糊、滑石、角蛋白、胶体二氧化硅、尿素等。另外,可以使用辅助剂、稳定剂、增稠剂、润滑剂和着色剂。在一个实施方案中,当施用给动物时,药学上可接受的赋形剂是无菌的。盐水溶液及葡萄糖和甘油水溶液也可用作液体赋形剂,尤其是用于注射液。合适的药物赋形剂还包括淀粉、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明胶、麦芽、稻米、面粉、白垩、硅胶、硬脂酸钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、滑石、氯化钠、脱脂乳粉、甘油、丙烯、二醇、水、乙醇等。如果需要,本发明的组合物还可以含有少量的润湿剂或乳化剂,或pH缓冲剂。
本文描述的组合物可以例如呈溶液、混悬液、乳液、片剂、丸剂、丸粒、胶囊、含有液体的胶囊、粉剂、持续释放制剂、栓剂、乳剂、气溶胶、喷雾剂、混悬剂的形式或任何适于使用的其他形式。在一个实施方案中,该组合物呈胶囊形式(参见例如,美国专利第5,698,155号)。合适的药物赋形剂的其他实例在通过引用并入本文的Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences 1447-1676(Alfonso R.Gennaro编,第19版,1995)中有描述。
本文描述的组合物还可以配制成受控释放或持续释放的药物组合物。受控释放或持续释放组合物的优点包括延长药物或药物组合的活性、降低给药频率和提高患者依从性。另外,受控释放或持续释放组合物可有利地影响起效时间或其他特征,诸如化合物的血液水平,并因此可减少不良副作用的发生。
例如,受控释放或持续释放组合物最初可以释放一定量的组合物或组分,其迅速产生所需的治疗或预防效果,并逐渐连续地释放其他量的组合物或组分以长时间维持该水平的治疗或预防效果。为了维持组合物或组分的恒定水平,组合物或各个组分可以以一定速率从所述剂型中释放,所述速率将代替被代谢并从体内排泄掉的组合物或各个组分的量。活性成分的受控释放或持续释放可以受各种条件刺激,这些条件包括但不限于pH的变化、温度的变化、酶的浓度或利用率、水的浓度或利用率、或其他生理条件或化合物。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的所有百分比和比率均以重量计。
在整个说明书中,将组合物描述为具有、包括或包含特定组分时,或将方法描述为具有、包括或包含特定方法步骤时,考虑到本文描述的组合物也基本上由或由所列举的组分组成,并且本文描述的方法也基本上由或由所列举的处理步骤组成。此外,应理解,只要该方法保持可操作,则步骤顺序或执行某些动作的顺序并不重要。而且,可以同时执行两个或更多个步骤或动作。组合物也可以指剂型。
本文提供的实施方案还包括但不限于:
1.一种在受试者中治疗或预防不宁腿综合征或其症状的方法,其包括向所述受试者施用包含NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂的药物组合物或药物剂型。
2.如实施方案1所述的方法,其中所述受试者遭受不宁腿综合征加剧。
3.如实施方案1或2所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、阿芬太尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、阿尼利定、苄吗啡、苯腈米特、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、氯尼他秦、可待因、地索吗啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、地恩丙胺、二乙酰吗啡酮、二氢可待因、二氢吗啡、地美沙朵、地美庚醇、二甲噻丁、吗苯丁酯、地匹哌酮、依他佐辛、依索庚嗪、乙甲噻丁、乙基吗啡、依托尼秦芬太尼、海洛因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异美沙酮、凯托米酮、左啡诺、左芬啡烷、洛芬太尼、哌替啶、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美沙酮、美托酮、麦罗啡、纳布啡、那碎因、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲美沙酮、烯丙吗啡、去甲吗啡、诺匹哌酮、阿片、阿片全碱、喷他佐辛、苯吗庚酮、非诺啡烷、非那佐辛、苯哌利定、匹米诺定、哌腈米特、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙哌利定、丙吡兰、丙氧芬、舒芬太尼、替利定或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.如实施方案1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮或其药学上可接受的盐。
5.如实施方案1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂选自以下一种或多种:右美沙芬、甘氨酸拮抗剂、艾芬地尔样化合物、金刚烷胺、MK-801(地佐环平;[5R,10S]-[+]-5-甲基-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5,10-亚胺)、氯胺酮、美金刚、D-AP5(D(-)-2-氨基-5-膦酰基戊酸)和CPP(3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)丙基-1-膦酸)、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
6.如实施方案1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬或其药学上可接受的盐。
7.如实施方案1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂是一水氢溴酸右美沙芬。
8.如实施方案1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂选自以下一种或多种:奎尼丁、安非他酮、西那卡塞、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀、舍曲林、特比萘芬、胺碘酮和西咪替丁、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
9.如实施方案1-8中任一项所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.如实施方案1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂是葡萄糖酸奎尼丁或硫酸奎尼丁。
11.如实施方案1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物被配制为用于同时施用。
12.如实施方案1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约1:1(重量:重量)。
13.如实施方案1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.1-1(重量:重量)。
14.如实施方案1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约0.1-1:1(重量:重量)。
15.如实施方案1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为1:1:0.1-1(重量:重量:重量)。
16.如实施方案1-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为1:1:1(重量:重量:重量)。
17.如实施方案1-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物包含约10mg、约20mg、约30mg、约40mg、约50mg或约60mg所述阿片类激动剂。
18.如实施方案1-17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物还包含阿片类拮抗剂。
19.如实施方案1-18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物是一种剂型。
20.如实施方案1-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述剂型是口服剂型。
21.如实施方案1-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述剂型是速溶膜剂。
22.如实施方案1-21中任一项所述的方法,其中所述剂型还包含隔离的阿片类拮抗剂,当所述剂型完整施用时,所述隔离的阿片类拮抗剂不释放。
23.如实施方案22所述的方法,所述隔离的阿片类拮抗剂选自以下一种或多种:纳曲酮、纳洛酮、纳美芬、环佐辛和左洛啡烷、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
24.如实施方案1-23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物每4小时、每6小时、每8小时、每12小时或每24小时施用一次。
25.如实施方案1-24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂的量小于不与所述NMDA拮抗剂和所述CYP2D6抑制剂中的一种或多种一起施用所述阿片类激动剂时的量。
26.一种在患有不宁腿综合征的受试者中诱导或增加睡眠的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用包含NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂的药物组合物或药物剂型。
27.如实施方案26所述的方法,其中NMDA拮抗剂选自以下一种或多种:右美沙芬、甘氨酸拮抗剂、艾芬地尔样化合物、金刚烷胺、MK-801(地佐环平;[5R,10S]-[+]-5-甲基-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5,10-亚胺)、氯胺酮、美金刚、D-AP5(D(-)-2-氨基-5-膦酰基戊酸)和CPP(3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)丙基-1-膦酸)、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
28.如实施方案26或27所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂选自以下一种或多种:奎尼丁、安非他酮、西那卡塞、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀、舍曲林、特比萘芬、胺碘酮和西咪替丁、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
29.如实施方案25-27中任一项所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、阿芬太尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、阿尼利定、苄吗啡、苯腈米特、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、氯尼他秦、可待因、地索吗啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、地恩丙胺、二乙酰吗啡酮、二氢可待因、二氢吗啡、地美沙朵、地美庚醇、二甲噻丁、吗苯丁酯、地匹哌酮、依他佐辛、依索庚嗪、乙甲噻丁、乙基吗啡、依托尼秦芬太尼、海洛因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异美沙酮、凯托米酮、左啡诺、左芬啡烷、洛芬太尼、哌替啶、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美沙酮、美托酮、麦罗啡、纳布啡、那碎因、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲美沙酮、烯丙吗啡、去甲吗啡、诺匹哌酮、阿片、阿片全碱、喷他佐辛、苯吗庚酮、非诺啡烷、非那佐辛、苯哌利定、匹米诺定、哌腈米特、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙哌利定、丙吡兰、丙氧芬、舒芬太尼、替利定或其药学上可接受的盐。
30.如实施方案26所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬或其药学上可接受的盐,所述CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐,并且所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮或其药学上可接受的盐。
31.如实施方案30所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多或其药学上可接受的盐。
32.如实施方案30所述的方法,所述阿片类激动剂是吗啡或其药学上可接受的盐。
如本公开全篇中所用,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式“一个(种)”和“该(所述)”包括复数指示物。因此,例如,提及“一种组合物”包括多种此类组合物,以及单一组合物,并且提及“一种治疗剂”是提及一种或多种治疗剂和/或药剂和本领域技术人员已知的等同物,等等。
实施例
以下实施例为说明性的,而不限制本文描述的方法和组合物。对于治疗中通常遇到的并且对于本领域技术人员显而易见的各种条件和参数的其他合适修改和改变在本文描述的化合物和方法的精神和范围内。
实施例1:施用奎尼丁/羟考酮/右美沙芬治疗不宁腿综合征。
将奎尼丁/羟考酮(或其他μ-阿片类激动剂)/右美沙芬的组合施用给患有不宁腿综合征的受试者。该受试者报告腿部疼痛减轻和针刺感减少。受试者还报告夜间移动腿部以减轻不适感的需要减少。
实施例2
患者呈现导致诊断出不宁腿综合征(“RLS”)的慢性症状。该患者先前用包括μ-阿片类激动剂的药物组合以100mg的剂量治疗,每天一次。虽然治疗最初是成功的,但RLS症状的频率和严重程度均可能因加剧现象而恢复。将右美沙芬和奎尼丁的组合添加到μ-阿片类激动剂治疗中,并将μ-阿片类激动剂的剂量减半。10天后,患者报告RLS症状显著缓解,这在与患者医生的后续电话咨询中得到证实。因此,阿片类激动剂与右美沙芬和奎尼丁的组合在患者的治疗中是成功的。第二名患者使用类似方案进行治疗,未报告显著缓解。因此,发现向μ-阿片类激动剂中添加右美沙芬和奎尼丁可治疗50%受治受试者的RLS,同时降低治疗RLS症状所需的μ-阿片类激动剂的量。该结果令人惊讶且出人意料,并且带来了出人意料的降低μ-阿片类激动剂的使用(量)的能力。
虽然已经参考实施例描述了本文描述的化合物、组合物和方法,但是本领域的技术人员认识到可以在不脱离其精神和范围的情况下进行各种修改。
本说明书中提及的和/或在申请数据表中列出的所有上述美国专利、美国专利申请公开、美国专利申请、外国专利、外国专利申请和非专利出版物均通过引用整体并入本文。
Claims (32)
1.一种治疗或预防受试者中的不宁腿综合征或其症状的方法,其包括向所述受试者施用包含NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂的药物组合物或药物剂型。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述受试者遭受不宁腿综合征加剧。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、阿芬太尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、阿尼利定、苄吗啡、苯腈米特、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、氯尼他秦、可待因、地索吗啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、地恩丙胺、二乙酰吗啡酮、二氢可待因、二氢吗啡、地美沙朵、地美庚醇、二甲噻丁、吗苯丁酯、地匹哌酮、依他佐辛、依索庚嗪、乙甲噻丁、乙基吗啡、依托尼秦芬太尼、海洛因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异美沙酮、凯托米酮、左啡诺、左芬啡烷、洛芬太尼、哌替啶、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美沙酮、美托酮、麦罗啡、纳布啡、那碎因、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲美沙酮、烯丙吗啡、去甲吗啡、诺匹哌酮、阿片、阿片全碱、喷他佐辛、苯吗庚酮、非诺啡烷、非那佐辛、苯哌利定、匹米诺定、哌腈米特、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙哌利定、丙吡兰、丙氧芬、舒芬太尼、替利定或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂选自以下中的一种或多种:右美沙芬、甘氨酸拮抗剂、艾芬地尔样化合物、金刚烷胺、MK-801(地佐环平;[5R,10S]-[+]-5-甲基-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5,10-亚胺)、氯胺酮、美金刚、D-AP5(D(-)-2-氨基-5-膦酰基戊酸)和CPP(3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)丙基-1-膦酸)、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬或其药学上可接受的盐。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂选自以下中的一种或多种:奎尼丁、安非他酮、西那卡塞、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀、舍曲林、特比萘芬、胺碘酮和西咪替丁、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物被配制为用于同时施用。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂的比率为约1:1(重量:重量)。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约1:0.1-1(重量:重量)。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为约0.1-1:1(重量:重量)。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为1:1:0.1-1(重量:重量:重量)。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂与NMDA拮抗剂与CYP2D6抑制剂的比率为1:1:1(重量:重量:重量)。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物包含约10mg、约20mg、约30mg、约40mg、约50mg或约60mg所述阿片类激动剂。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物还包含阿片类拮抗剂。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物是一种剂型。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述剂型是口服剂型。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述剂型是速溶膜剂。
22.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述剂型还包含隔离的阿片类拮抗剂,当所述剂型完整施用时,所述隔离的阿片类拮抗剂不释放。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,所述隔离的阿片类拮抗剂选自以下中的一种或多种:纳曲酮、纳洛酮、纳美芬、环佐辛和左洛啡烷、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
24.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物每4小时、每6小时、每8小时、每12小时或每24小时施用一次。
25.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂的量小于不与所述NMDA拮抗剂和所述CYP2D6抑制剂中的一种或多种一起施用所述阿片类激动剂时的量。
26.一种诱导或增加患有不宁腿综合征的受试者中的睡眠的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用包含NMDA拮抗剂、CYP2D6抑制剂和阿片类激动剂的药物组合物或药物剂型。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中NMDA拮抗剂选自以下中的一种或多种:右美沙芬、甘氨酸拮抗剂、艾芬地尔样化合物、金刚烷胺、MK-801(地佐环平;[5R,10S]-[+]-5-甲基-10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5,10-亚胺)、氯胺酮、美金刚、D-AP5(D(-)-2-氨基-5-膦酰基戊酸)和CPP(3-(2-羧基哌嗪-4-基)丙基-1-膦酸)、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
28.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述CYP2D6抑制剂选自以下中的一种或多种:奎尼丁、安非他酮、西那卡塞、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀、舍曲林、特比萘芬、胺碘酮和西咪替丁、或其药学上可接受的盐或其任何组合。
29.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、阿芬太尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、阿尼利定、苄吗啡、苯腈米特、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、氯尼他秦、可待因、地索吗啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、地恩丙胺、二乙酰吗啡酮、二氢可待因、二氢吗啡、地美沙朵、地美庚醇、二甲噻丁、吗苯丁酯、地匹哌酮、依他佐辛、依索庚嗪、乙甲噻丁、乙基吗啡、依托尼秦芬太尼、海洛因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异美沙酮、凯托米酮、左啡诺、左芬啡烷、洛芬太尼、哌替啶、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美沙酮、美托酮、麦罗啡、纳布啡、那碎因、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲美沙酮、烯丙吗啡、去甲吗啡、诺匹哌酮、阿片、阿片全碱、喷他佐辛、苯吗庚酮、非诺啡烷、非那佐辛、苯哌利定、匹米诺定、哌腈米特、普罗庚嗪、二甲哌替啶、丙哌利定、丙吡兰、丙氧芬、舒芬太尼、替利定或其药学上可接受的盐。
30.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述NMDA拮抗剂是右美沙芬或其药学上可接受的盐,所述CYP2D6抑制剂是奎尼丁或其药学上可接受的盐,并且所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮或其药学上可接受的盐。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述阿片类激动剂是曲马多或其药学上可接受的盐。
32.如权利要求30所述的方法,所述阿片类激动剂是吗啡或其药学上可接受的盐。
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US201662393734P | 2016-09-13 | 2016-09-13 | |
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PCT/US2017/051257 WO2018052926A1 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | Medicine combinations and treatment of restless leg syndrome |
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EP (1) | EP3512600A4 (zh) |
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US20220211677A1 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
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