CN110435346B - Gold and silver staggered craft ornament and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Gold and silver staggered craft ornament and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110435346B CN110435346B CN201910652651.1A CN201910652651A CN110435346B CN 110435346 B CN110435346 B CN 110435346B CN 201910652651 A CN201910652651 A CN 201910652651A CN 110435346 B CN110435346 B CN 110435346B
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Au] PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004819 Drying adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gold and silver staggered craft ornament and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method combines the vacuum plasma sintering technology with the gold-silver stagger process, has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, environmental protection and wide material selection range of the stagger metal material, and the manufactured gold-silver stagger craft ornament has fine ornamentation, clear boundary line and firm stagger by adjusting related process parameters, and the base metal material and the stagger metal material are well metallurgically combined, thereby solving the problems of easy appearance of shape walking, inclusion, sand holes, falling off and the like at the ornamentation part in the existing gold-silver stagger process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of craft ornaments, in particular to a gold and silver staggered craft ornament and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The gold and silver staggered process is one of the ancient traditional metal fine-work decoration techniques in China, and is a process for embedding patterns or characters on the surface of a ware by using gold and silver wires. The gold-silver mistake technology is originally found in bronze wares of the commercial times, and is mainly used for decorating patterns on various practical utensils, such as vessels, horse vehicles, weapons and the like of the bronze wares. Because the natural colors of bronze and gold and silver are different, bright and gorgeous patterns of gold (silver) are shown, and the decorative effect of the ware is obviously improved.
The ancient gold and silver mistake making process mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, manufacturing a ceramic model, and casting a bronze ware; drawing a pattern on the surface of the bronze ware, and chiseling a shallow groove according to the pattern; thirdly, the metallic yarns (pieces) are embedded into the grooves; fourthly, the surface of the copper ware is ground by using a filling stone to ensure that the surfaces of the gold and silver wires (sheets) and the copper ware are naturally smooth to achieve the tight joint.
The traditional gold and silver staggered process has the advantages that the manufacturing difficulty is very high, all metal wires are formed by forcing and extruding the surfaces of inserters, any adhesive cannot be used, formed patterns and lines need to be smooth, the thickness of the silk threads needs to be consistent, and the metal wires are matched with a base body tightly, so that the grooving width and depth are required to be accurate, otherwise, the metal wires cannot be embedded, even if the metal wires are embedded reluctantly, the embedding is not firm or attractive, the processing and manufacturing difficulty is conceivably high, especially when the metal wires (pieces) form patterns with complicated patterns, the grooving precision requirement is stricter, and the manufacturing difficulty is higher. In the selection of the embedded metal material, the strength and the hardness of the material must be very low, and the material can be embedded into the groove only by being easy to beat and extend; when the strength and hardness of the material are high, the elasticity is large and the deformation is difficult, the satisfactory embedding effect is difficult to obtain.
In recent years, some research has been conducted around how to inherit and develop the process. For example:
CN201510205084.7 reports a manufacturing method of gold-silver-fault ornaments, which adopts methods such as mechanical processing, chemical corrosion and the like to process a groove with the depth of 0.8-1.4 mm and the width of more than 0.8mm on a copper substrate, and then the copper-tin alloy is melted at high temperature and filled into the groove to form the gold-silver fault effect. The method can adopt metal with low ductility as the embedding material, but the method is difficult to form fine textures, and the fusion-cast copper-tin alloy and the copper substrate are compounded to have the problems of unclear outline, oxidation inclusion and the like.
CN201621377944.1 reports a gold and silver staggered inlaid ring, which is formed by decomposing a ring into a gold ring and a silver ring, casting a groove on the side surface of the silver ring, and then embedding a gold ring sleeve into the groove. The method still adopts the traditional forced beating and extruding mode, and the groove is cast and formed, so that fine textures are difficult to form.
CN201020219269.6 reports a gold and silver inlaid jewelry, which is to carve pattern grooves on the surface of jade, and then to place pure gold and silver wires (pieces) flat and knock into the grooves. The method has no difference with the traditional gold and silver mistake process, and only the base material is non-metallic jade.
CN201210319988.9 reports a method for manufacturing a metal embedded-staggered craft, which comprises forming a damascene groove on a metal substrate, shielding the outer surface and the inner surface of the metal substrate outside the groove with an insulating material, and depositing the metal to be embedded-staggered in the groove by an electroforming process. Although the process does not need to knock metal manually, the complex grooving operation is also needed, the difficulty of coating insulating material on the surface of a substrate for fine textures is too high, the problem of pattern deformation caused by over-coating or under-coating is easy to occur, and in addition, the electroforming process also brings about a serious environmental protection problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a gold and silver staggered craft ornament and a manufacturing method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a manufacturing method of gold and silver staggered craft ornaments comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a metal inlaying material with obvious color contrast with the base material, and manufacturing to form an inlaying metal decorative pattern;
(2) selecting metal powder with the granularity of 300-400 meshes as a substrate material;
(3) assembling a lower pressing head into a mold cavity, placing the embedded staggered metal pattern manufactured in the step (1) on the surface of the lower pressing head, adjusting the position of the embedded staggered metal pattern in the mold cavity, weighing metal powder according to the design requirement of the craft ornament, adding the metal powder into the mold cavity, assembling an upper pressing head into the mold cavity, pressing and molding the metal powder to form a blank, wherein the pressure adopted by the pressing and molding is 9-12 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 60-90 s, then taking out the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, respectively placing graphite paper gaskets on the working surfaces of the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, and then pressing the mold again;
(4) sequentially placing a lower base plate and a lower cushion block on a lower electrode base of the vacuum plasma sintering furnace, placing the blank formed by pressing in the step (3) on the lower cushion block together with an upper pressing head, a lower pressing head and a mold, sequentially placing an upper cushion block and an upper base plate above the upper pressing head, lifting the lower electrode until the upper cushion block and the upper cushion block contact with the upper electrode base and generate pressure, wherein the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are all conductive;
(5) after the blanks are arranged, vacuumizing a hearth of a vacuum plasma sintering furnace to 3-6 Pa, lifting a lower electrode, pressurizing the blanks through an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, enabling the pressure born by the jewelry blanks to be 28-35 MPa, starting plasma sintering equipment, and performing pressure sintering in a vacuum state, wherein the sintering temperature is 700-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 min;
(6) and grinding and polishing the sintered blank to obtain the gold-silver staggered craft ornament.
The invention combines the vacuum plasma sintering technology with the gold-silver stagger process, the manufacturing method is simple, convenient and efficient, green and environment-friendly, the material selection range of the stagger embedding metal material is wide, the gold-silver stagger craft ornament manufactured by the method is fine in ornamentation, clear in boundary line and firm in stagger embedding by optimizing proper technological parameters, the base metal and the stagger embedding metal are well metallurgically combined, and the problems of walking, inclusion, sand holes, falling off and the like easily occurring at the ornamentation part in the existing gold-silver stagger process are solved.
The technological parameters in the manufacturing method can be correspondingly adjusted according to the selected inlaying metal material and the substrate material, in order to improve the metallurgical bonding effect of the craft ornament, the vacuum degree of the vacuum plasma sintering furnace is controlled to be 3-6 Pa in the step (5), the pressure born by the ornament blank is controlled to be 28-35 MPa, the sintering temperature is controlled to be 700-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is controlled to be 1-2 min.
As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the gold and silver staggered craft ornament, the cross sections of the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion plate and the lower cushion plate are circular, and the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are formed by combining a plurality of circular cushion block units.
As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the gold and silver staggered craft ornament, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are combined by a plurality of circular cushion block units to form a step-shaped structure, and the outer diameter of the lower cushion block from bottom to top of the circular cushion block units is gradually reduced according to the proportion of 20-40%; the outer diameter of the upper cushion block is decreased progressively from the upper part to the lower part according to the proportion of 20-40%. According to the invention, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are arranged into step-shaped structures, so that a current concentration effect is conveniently formed on the blank, the sintering efficiency is improved, and the metallurgical bonding strength between the base metal and the embedded metal is favorably improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the gold and silver staggered handicraft ornament, in the step (1), the inlaying metal pattern is manufactured by adopting a manual wire inlaying, rolling, stamping, etching or cutting method.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for manufacturing the gold-silver-stagger artistic ornament, the stagger-embedding metal material is at least one of platinum, gold, silver, copper and palladium.
In order to make the wrong gold and silver pattern can be well highlighted, the manufacture is preferably carried out by inlaying metal materials with obvious color contrast with the base material of the craft ornament, such as: the white material can be selected from silver alloy, stainless steel, cupronickel, cobalt alloy, etc.; red materials can be selected from red copper, high copper alloy and the like; the yellow material can be selected from pure gold, brass, bronze and the like, and after vacuum plasma sintering is finished, the color of the substrate material has a relatively obvious contrast with the color of the embedded metal. For pure metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper and the like with excellent ductility and high-quality alloys, the materials are preferentially manufactured into thin ribbons by adopting methods such as rolling, drawing and the like, and then the patterns are manufactured by adopting a manual wire-inlay method; for other materials, the method of rolling, stamping, etching, cutting, etc. can be used to make the pattern.
As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the gold and silver staggered artwork ornament, the inner wall of the mold is cylindrical, the outer wall of the mold is cylindrical, square cylindrical or elliptic cylindrical, and the shape of the graphite paper gasket is consistent with that of the inner wall of the mold.
As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the gold-silver-staggered craft ornament, a blind hole for inserting a temperature thermocouple is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the mold, the aperture of the blind hole is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the depth of the blind hole is 3-5 mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the gold and silver staggered handicraft ornament, the mould, the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper base plate and the lower base plate are all made of graphite with the compressive strength of more than 50 MPa. The graphite can conduct electricity, can bear high temperature and thermal shock in the sintering process, can bear pressure in pressure sintering and workpiece thermal expansion, and is beneficial to smoothly taking out the workpiece after sintering.
The invention also provides the gold and silver staggered craft ornament manufactured by the method, the gold and silver staggered craft ornament has fine pattern, clear boundary line and firm embedding, and the bonding strength between the base metal and the embedding metal is higher.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the vacuum plasma sintering technology with the gold-silver stagger process, the manufacturing method is simple, convenient, efficient, green and environment-friendly, the material selection range of the stagger embedding metal material is wide, the manufactured gold-silver stagger craft ornament has fine ornamentation, clear boundary line and firm stagger embedding by optimizing proper process parameters, the base metal material and the stagger embedding metal material present good metallurgical combination, and the problems of easy appearance of shape walking, inclusion, sand holes, falling off and the like at the ornamentation position in the existing gold-silver stagger process are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the gold and silver staggered craft ornament of the embodiment 1, and a pure silver pattern is embedded and staggered on a pure copper substrate.
Fig. 2 is a scanning view of the microscopic morphology and the element lines of the gold-silver-staggered craft ornament of the embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 shows the gold and silver staggered craft ornament of the embodiment 2, wherein a stainless steel pattern is embedded on the high copper alloy substrate.
Fig. 4 is the gold and silver staggered craft ornament of embodiment 3, wherein the red copper substrate is embedded with a brass pattern in a staggered manner.
FIG. 5 shows the gold and silver staggered craft ornament of example 4, wherein the white copper substrate is embedded with a brass pattern in a staggered manner.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the examples, the experimental methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and the like used were commercially available without otherwise specified.
Example 1
A manufacturing method of gold and silver staggered craft ornaments comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting pure silver with excellent ductility as an embedded metal material, drawing the pure silver, and rolling the drawn pure silver into a sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm and the height of 1 mm; drawing a required pattern on a thin paper sheet by adopting a thin paper sheet with the same diameter as the inner cavity of the mould, bending the pure silver sheet into a required shape by adopting a manual wire inlay method according to the pattern, and dispensing a trace amount of quick-drying adhesive for fixing;
(2) adopting dry and non-oxidized pure copper powder as a substrate material, wherein the granularity of the powder is 300 meshes;
(3) assembling a lower pressure head in a die cavity, placing the embedded staggered metal pattern in the step (1) on the surface of the lower pressure head, weighing metal powder according to the weight requirement of the craft ornament, uniformly adding the powder into the die cavity, assembling the upper pressure head, pre-compacting the powder by using a manual hydraulic press, keeping the pressure at 10MPa for 75s, respectively taking out the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, placing an upper graphite paper gasket on the working surface of the upper pressure head, placing a lower graphite paper gasket on the working surface of the lower pressure head, and then re-compacting;
wherein, the die, the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are made of graphite with compact texture and 60MPa compressive strength; the mold is of a barrel cup structure, the inner wall of the mold is cylindrical, a blind hole for inserting a temperature measuring thermocouple is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the mold, the aperture of the blind hole is 2mm, and the depth of the blind hole is 7 mm; the shape of the graphite paper gasket is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the mould; the cross sections of the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are circular, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are combined by a plurality of circular cushion block units to form a step-shaped structure, and the outer diameter of the lower cushion block decreases progressively from bottom to top according to a proportion of 30%; the outer diameter of the upper cushion block is decreased progressively from the upper part to the lower part according to the proportion of 30 percent, and the thickness is set according to the size requirement of a product;
(4) sequentially placing a lower base plate and a lower cushion block on a lower electrode base of a vacuum plasma sintering furnace, placing an upper pressing head, a lower pressing head and a mold of a pressed blank on the lower cushion block, placing an upper cushion block and an upper cushion plate above the upper pressing head, lifting a lower electrode until the upper cushion block and the upper cushion plate contact the upper electrode base and generate pressure, and inserting a temperature thermocouple into a blind hole in the outer wall of the mold;
(5) after the blanks are arranged, vacuumizing the hearth to 5Pa, raising a lower electrode, pressurizing the blanks through an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, setting the pressure born by the blanks to be 30MPa, starting plasma sintering equipment, and performing pressure sintering in a vacuum state, wherein the sintering temperature is 730 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 min;
(6) and (3) grinding and polishing the sintered and molded blank to obtain the craft ornament with the exquisite stagger gold texture, wherein good metallurgical bonding is formed between the metal substrate and the stagger embedding metal, and the metal substrate and the stagger embedding metal are respectively shown as figure 1 and figure 2.
Example 2
A manufacturing method of gold and silver staggered craft ornaments comprises the following steps:
(1) 316L stainless steel with the thickness of 1mm is used as an embedded metal material, a required pattern is cut on a stainless steel sheet by linear cutting, and the stainless steel sheet is degreased, cleaned and dried.
(2) Dry and non-oxidized high-copper alloy powder is used as a substrate material, and the granularity of the powder is 400 meshes;
(3) assembling a lower pressing head in a die cavity, placing the clamped embedded metal pattern on the surface of the lower pressing head, weighing metal powder according to the weight requirement of the craft ornament, uniformly adding the powder into the die cavity, assembling an upper pressing head, and pre-compacting the powder by using a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is 12MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 60 s. Then the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively taken out, an upper graphite paper gasket is placed on the working surface of the upper pressure head, a lower graphite paper gasket is placed on the working surface of the lower pressure head, and then the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are pressed tightly;
wherein, the die, the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are made of graphite with compact texture and 70MPa compressive strength; the mold is of a barrel cup structure, the inner wall of the mold is of an elliptic cylinder shape, a blind hole for inserting a temperature measuring thermocouple is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the mold, the aperture of the blind hole is 2.5mm, and the depth of the blind hole is 5 mm; the shape of the graphite paper gasket is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the mould; the cross sections of the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are circular, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are combined by a plurality of circular cushion block units to form a step-shaped structure, and the outer diameter of the lower cushion block decreases progressively from bottom to top according to a proportion of 40%; the outer diameter of the upper cushion block is decreased progressively from the upper part to the lower part according to the proportion of 40 percent, and the thickness is set according to the size requirement of a product;
(4) sequentially placing a lower base plate and a lower base plate on a lower electrode base of a vacuum plasma sintering furnace, placing a pressed blank together with an upper pressure head, the lower pressure head and a mold on the lower base plate, placing an upper base plate and an upper base plate above the upper pressure head, lifting the lower electrode until the upper base plate and the upper base plate contact the upper electrode base and generate pressure, and inserting a temperature thermocouple into a blind hole in the outer wall of the mold;
(5) after the blank is arranged, vacuumizing the hearth to 6Pa, raising a lower electrode to pressurize the blank through an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, setting the pressure born by the blank to be 29MPa, starting plasma sintering equipment, and performing pressure sintering in a vacuum state, wherein the sintering temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 min;
(6) and (3) grinding and polishing the sintered and molded blank to obtain the craft ornament with the exquisite stagger gold ornamentation, wherein the craft ornament has clear boundary, firm stagger embedding and higher bonding strength between the base metal and the stagger embedding metal as shown in figure 3.
Example 3
A manufacturing method of gold and silver staggered craft ornaments comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking brass with the thickness of 1mm as an embedded metal material, cutting a required pattern on a brass plate by using a linear cutting process, removing oil, cleaning and drying;
(2) dry and non-oxidized red copper powder is used as a substrate material, and the particle size of the powder is 350 meshes;
(3) assembling a lower pressing head in a die cavity, placing the clamped embedded metal pattern on the surface of the lower pressing head, weighing metal powder according to the weight requirement of the craft ornament, uniformly adding the powder into the die cavity, assembling an upper pressing head, and pre-compacting the powder by using a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is 11MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 70 s. Then the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively taken out, an upper graphite paper gasket is placed on the working surface of the upper pressure head, a lower graphite paper gasket is placed on the working surface of the lower pressure head, and then the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are pressed tightly;
wherein, the die, the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are made of graphite with compact texture and 55MPa of compressive strength; the mold is of a barrel cup structure, the inner wall of the mold is cylindrical, a blind hole for inserting a temperature measuring thermocouple is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the mold, the aperture of the blind hole is 2.2mm, and the depth of the blind hole is 6 mm; the shape of the graphite paper gasket is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the mould; the cross sections of the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are circular, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are combined by a plurality of circular cushion block units to form a step-shaped structure, and the outer diameter of the lower cushion block decreases progressively from bottom to top according to a proportion of 20%; the outer diameter of the upper cushion block is decreased progressively from top to bottom according to a proportion of 20%, and the thickness is set according to the size requirement of a product;
(4) sequentially placing a lower base plate and a lower cushion block on a lower electrode base of a vacuum plasma sintering furnace, placing an upper pressing head, a lower pressing head and a mold of a pressed blank on the lower cushion block, placing an upper cushion block and an upper cushion plate above the upper pressing head, lifting the lower electrode until the upper cushion block and the upper cushion plate contact the upper electrode base and generate pressure, and inserting a thermocouple into a blind hole in the outer wall of the mold;
(5) after the blank is arranged, vacuumizing the hearth to 4Pa, raising a lower electrode to pressurize the blank through an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, setting the pressure born by the blank to 35MPa, starting plasma sintering equipment, and performing pressure sintering in a vacuum state, wherein the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 min;
(6) and (3) grinding and polishing the sintered and molded blank to obtain the craft ornament with the exquisite gold staggering ornamentation, wherein the ornamentation part of the craft ornament has no phenomena of deformation, inclusion, sand holes, falling off and the like as shown in figure 4.
Example 4
A manufacturing method of gold and silver staggered craft ornaments comprises the following steps:
(1) brass with the thickness of 0.5mm is used as an embedded metal material, a required pattern is formed by an etching process, and the pattern is degreased, cleaned and dried;
(2) dry and non-oxidized cupronickel powder is used as a substrate material, and the granularity of the powder is 400 meshes;
(3) assembling a lower pressing head in a die cavity, placing the clamped embedded metal pattern on the surface of the lower pressing head, weighing metal powder according to the weight requirement of the craft ornament, uniformly adding the powder into the die cavity, assembling an upper pressing head, and pre-compacting the powder by using a manual hydraulic press, wherein the pressure is 9MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 seconds. Then the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively taken out, an upper graphite paper gasket is placed on the working surface of the upper pressure head, a lower graphite paper gasket is placed on the working surface of the lower pressure head, and then the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are pressed tightly;
wherein, the die, the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are made of graphite with compact texture and 50MPa compressive strength; the mold is of a barrel cup structure, the inner wall of the mold is cylindrical, a blind hole for inserting a temperature measuring thermocouple is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the mold, the aperture of the blind hole is 1.5mm, and the depth of the blind hole is 8 mm; the shape of the graphite paper gasket is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the mould; the cross sections of the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are circular, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are combined by a plurality of circular cushion block units to form a step-shaped structure, and the outer diameter of the lower cushion block decreases progressively from bottom to top according to a proportion of 30%; the outer diameter of the upper cushion block is decreased progressively from the upper part to the lower part according to the proportion of 30 percent, and the thickness is set according to the size requirement of a product;
(4) and sequentially placing a lower base plate and a lower cushion block on a lower electrode base of the vacuum plasma sintering furnace, and placing an upper pressing head, a lower pressing head and a die of the pressed blank on the lower cushion block. An upper cushion block and an upper backing plate are placed above the upper pressure head, and the lower electrode is lifted until the upper cushion block and the upper backing plate contact the upper electrode seat and generate pressure. Inserting a thermocouple into a blind hole in the outer wall of the mold;
(5) after the blanks are arranged, vacuumizing the hearth to 3Pa, raising a lower electrode, pressurizing the blanks through an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, setting the pressure born by the blanks to be 29MPa, starting plasma sintering equipment, and performing pressure sintering in a vacuum state, wherein the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 min;
(6) and (3) grinding and polishing the sintered and molded blank to obtain the craft ornament with the exquisite stagger gold ornamentation, wherein the craft ornament has the advantages of clear boundary, firm stagger embedding and high bonding strength between the base metal and the stagger embedding metal as shown in figure 5.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The manufacturing method of the gold and silver staggered craft ornament is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a inlaying metal material with obvious color contrast with the base material, and manufacturing and forming inlaying metal ornamentation patterns by adopting a method of manually wire inlaying, rolling, stamping, etching or cutting; the embedded-dislocation metal material is at least one of platinum, gold, silver, copper and palladium;
(2) selecting metal powder with the granularity of 300-400 meshes as a substrate material;
(3) assembling a lower pressing head into a mold cavity, placing the embedded staggered metal pattern manufactured in the step (1) on the surface of the lower pressing head, adjusting the position of the embedded staggered metal pattern in the mold cavity, weighing metal powder according to the design requirement of the craft ornament, adding the metal powder into the mold cavity, assembling an upper pressing head into the mold cavity, pressing and molding the metal powder to form a blank, wherein the pressure adopted by the pressing and molding is 9-12 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 60-90 s, then taking out the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, respectively placing graphite paper gaskets on the working surfaces of the upper pressing head and the lower pressing head, and then pressing the mold again;
(4) sequentially placing a lower base plate and a lower cushion block on a lower electrode base of the vacuum plasma sintering furnace, placing the blank formed by pressing in the step (3) on the lower cushion block together with an upper pressing head, a lower pressing head and a mold, sequentially placing an upper cushion block and an upper base plate above the upper pressing head, lifting the lower electrode until the upper cushion block and the upper cushion block contact with the upper electrode base and generate pressure, wherein the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are all conductive;
(5) after the blanks are arranged, vacuumizing a hearth of a vacuum plasma sintering furnace to 3-6 Pa, lifting a lower electrode, pressurizing the blanks through an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, enabling the pressure born by the jewelry blanks to be 28-35 MPa, starting plasma sintering equipment, and performing pressure sintering in a vacuum state, wherein the sintering temperature is 700-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 min;
(6) grinding and polishing the sintered blank to obtain a gold-silver staggered craft ornament;
the cross sections of the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper cushion plate and the lower cushion plate are circular, and the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are formed by combining a plurality of circular cushion block units;
the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block are combined by a plurality of circular cushion block units to form a step-shaped structure, and the outer diameter of the lower cushion block decreases progressively from bottom to top according to the proportion of 20-40%; the outer diameter of the upper cushion block is decreased progressively from the upper part to the lower part according to the proportion of 20-40%.
2. The method for manufacturing gold-silver stagger craftwork ornament according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the mold is cylindrical, the outer wall is cylindrical, square column or elliptic column, and the shape of the graphite paper gasket is consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the mold.
3. The manufacturing method of gold and silver wrong artistic ornaments according to claim 2, wherein a blind hole for inserting a temperature thermocouple is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the mold, the aperture of the blind hole is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the depth of the blind hole is 3-6 mm.
4. The method for manufacturing gold-silver stagger craftwork ornament according to claim 1, wherein the die, the upper cushion block, the lower cushion block, the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are all made of graphite with compressive strength of more than 50 MPa.
5. The gold and silver staggered craft ornament manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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