CN110426614A - A kind of ultrasonic partial discharge sensor of high-precision signal frequency down circuit design - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic partial discharge sensor of high-precision signal frequency down circuit design Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，包括高精度信号降频电路，所述高精度信号降频电路包括电性连接的检波电路和滤波电路，所述检波电路包括第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2，第三电阻R3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第一电容C1和第二电容C2；所述滤波电路包括第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9、第三电容C3、第四电容C4、第五电容C5和运算放大器A。本发明提供的高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，具有高精度专用信号降频电路，电路结构简单，兼顾小信号与大信号处理，可以极大程度上提高局部放电的检测精度与检测灵敏度。
The invention discloses an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed with a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit, which includes a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit. The high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit includes an electrically connected detection circuit and a filter circuit. The detection circuit Including a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2; the filter circuit includes a fourth resistor R4, The fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, the fifth capacitor C5 and the operational amplifier A. The ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed by the high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit provided by the present invention has a high-precision special signal frequency reduction circuit, the circuit structure is simple, and both small signal and large signal processing are taken into account, which can greatly improve the detection accuracy and accuracy of partial discharge. Detection sensitivity.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及超声波局放传感器的电路设计技术领域，特别是涉及一种高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器。The invention relates to the technical field of circuit design of an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor, in particular to an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed with a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit.
背景技术Background technique
目前发电厂、变电站中低压开关柜数量众多，运行环境恶劣，内部元件容易老化，从而导致局部放电现象。而局部放电是指发生在电极之间但并未贯穿两极的放电，它是由于设备绝缘内部存在缺点或生产过程中造成的缺陷，在高电场强度作用下发生重复击穿和熄灭的现象。At present, there are a large number of low-voltage switchgears in power plants and substations, the operating environment is harsh, and the internal components are prone to aging, which leads to partial discharge. Partial discharge refers to the discharge that occurs between the electrodes but does not penetrate the two electrodes. It is due to defects in the insulation of the equipment or defects caused in the production process, and repeated breakdown and extinction occur under the action of high electric field strength.
这种放电的能力是很小的，所以它的短时存在并不影响到电气设备的绝缘强度，但若电气设备在绝缘电压下不断地出现局部放电，这些微弱的放电将累积效应会使绝缘的介电性能逐渐劣化并使局部缺陷扩大最后导致整个绝缘击穿，虽然局部放电会使绝缘劣化而导致损坏，但它的发展是需要一定时间，所以需要定期使用局部放电测试仪测局部放电。检测局部放电最为广泛的方案是安装超声波局部放电传感器。超声波局部放电传感器核心是硬件部分，而硬件部分最为重要的电路是是信号降频电路。The ability of this kind of discharge is very small, so its short-term existence does not affect the insulation strength of electrical equipment, but if electrical equipment continues to have partial discharge under the insulation voltage, these weak discharges will accumulate and make the insulation The dielectric properties of the dielectric gradually deteriorate and the local defects expand and finally lead to the breakdown of the entire insulation. Although the partial discharge will cause the insulation to deteriorate and cause damage, it takes a certain time for its development, so it is necessary to use a partial discharge tester to measure the partial discharge regularly. The most widespread solution for detecting PD is the installation of ultrasonic PD sensors. The core of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor is the hardware part, and the most important circuit of the hardware part is the signal down-frequency circuit.
现有的超声波局部放电检测中的信号降频电路主要分为以下几个部分：第一，包络检测电路，包络检测方式多采用二极管检波电路，例如串联型检波电路、并联型检波电路、倍压检波电路、峰值检波电路等；第二，滤波电路，多采用低阶无源滤波器。但是，现有技术中，检波电路实现效果差，容易发生惰性失真负峰切割失真，同时会引入噪声；串联型二极管包络检波适用于大信号峰值检波，无法对小信号进行检波，峰值检波电路需要增加运算放大器等有源元件，对运放要求较高，同时也增加了装置的成本；传统滤波电路动态响应范围小，对小信号与大信号处理不能兼顾；传统无源滤波电路通带放大倍数及其截止频率都随负载而变化，不适用于信号处理要求高的场合，同时，传统滤波器的通带还会受到输入电阻和输出电阻的影响，即输入端信号源的内阻会使滤波器网络谐振点偏移，从而降低滤波效果；整体信号降频受外界干扰较大，从而使得检测装置灵敏度低。The signal down-converting circuit in the existing ultrasonic partial discharge detection is mainly divided into the following parts: first, the envelope detection circuit, and the envelope detection method mostly uses a diode detection circuit, such as a series type detection circuit, a parallel type detection circuit, Voltage doubler detection circuit, peak detection circuit, etc.; second, filter circuit, mostly low-order passive filter. However, in the prior art, the detection effect of the detection circuit is poor, and it is prone to inertial distortion, negative peak cutting distortion, and noise will be introduced at the same time; the series diode envelope detection is suitable for large signal peak detection, and cannot detect small signals. It is necessary to add active components such as operational amplifiers, which have high requirements for operational amplifiers and increase the cost of the device; the traditional filter circuit has a small dynamic response range, and cannot handle both small and large signals; the traditional passive filter circuit has a passband amplification The multiple and its cutoff frequency vary with the load, which is not suitable for occasions with high signal processing requirements. At the same time, the passband of traditional filters is also affected by the input resistance and output resistance, that is, the internal resistance of the input signal source will make The resonance point of the filter network is shifted, thereby reducing the filtering effect; the overall signal down-frequency is greatly affected by external interference, which makes the sensitivity of the detection device low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，具有高精度专用信号降频电路，电路结构简单，兼顾小信号与大信号处理，可以极大程度上提高局部放电的检测精度与检测灵敏度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed with a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit, which has a high-precision dedicated signal frequency reduction circuit, a simple circuit structure, and both small and large signal processing, which can greatly improve partial discharge. detection accuracy and detection sensitivity.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:
一种高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，该传感器包括高精度信号降频电路，所述高精度信号降频电路包括电性连接的检波电路和滤波电路，所述检波电路包括第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2，第三电阻R3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第一电容C1和第二电容C2，所述第一电阻R1的一端与信号输入端连接，另一端接地，所述第一二极管D1的一端与检波信号输入端连接，另一端与所述第二电阻R2的一端连接，所述第二电阻R2的另一端接地，所述第一电容C1与所述第二电阻R2并联，所述第二电容C2的一端与所述第一电容C1的非接地端连接，所述第二电容C2的另一端与所述第二二极管D2的一端连接，所述第二二极管D2的另一端接地，所述第三电阻R3与所述第二二极管D2并联，所述第三电阻R3的非接地端与检波信号输出端连接；所述检波信号输出端与滤波信号输入端连接；An ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed with a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit, the sensor includes a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit, the high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit includes an electrically connected detection circuit and a filter circuit, and the detection circuit includes a first A resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, one end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the signal input end connected, the other end is grounded, one end of the first diode D1 is connected to the detection signal input end, the other end is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded, and the first A capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the second resistor R2, one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the non-ground end of the first capacitor C1, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second diode One end of D2 is connected, the other end of the second diode D2 is grounded, the third resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the second diode D2, the non-ground end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the detection signal output end connected; the detection signal output terminal is connected to the filter signal input terminal;
所述滤波电路包括第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9、第三电容C3、第四电容C4、第五电容C5和运算放大器A，所述第四电阻R4与第五电阻R5串联形成第一支路，所述第一支路的一端与所述滤波信号输入端连接，所述第三电容C3与第四电容C4串联形成第二支路，所述第二支路与所述第一支路并联后连接所述运算放大器A的正向输入端；所述第六电阻R6的一端连接到所述第三电容C3与第四电容C4之前，另一端接地；所述第五电容C5的一端连接到所述第四电阻R4与第五电阻R5之间，另一端连接到所述运算放大器A的输出端，所述第四电阻R7的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的正向输入端，另一端接地，所述第六电容器C6的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的正向输入端，另一端接地；所述第八电阻R8的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的反相输入端，另一端接地；所述第九电阻R9的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的反相输入端，另一端连接到所述运算放大器A的输出端。The filter circuit includes a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5 and Operational amplifier A, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected in series to form a first branch, one end of the first branch is connected to the filter signal input end, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 A second branch is formed in series, and the second branch is connected in parallel with the first branch to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier A; one end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the third capacitor C3 Before the fourth capacitor C4, the other end is grounded; one end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected between the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5, and the other end is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier A, the One end of the fourth resistor R7 is connected to the positive input end of the operational amplifier A, and the other end is grounded, and one end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the positive input end of the operational amplifier A, and the other end is grounded; One end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A, and the other end is grounded; one end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A, and the other end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A. Output of Operational Amplifier A.
可选的，所述滤波电路的电路元件取值关系如下：Optionally, the value relationship of the circuit elements of the filter circuit is as follows:
设中间值a，b，c如下：Let the intermediate values a, b, and c be as follows:
c＝2πfr； c=2πf r ;
其中，Q表示电路的品质因数，f0表示所述滤波电路的集合中心频率，fr表示所述滤波电路的谐振频率；Wherein, Q represents the quality factor of the circuit, f 0 represents the set center frequency of the filter circuit, and f represents the resonant frequency of the filter circuit;
则电路元件取值为：Then the value of the circuit element is:
C5＝C，C5=C,
R4＝R5＝2R6，R4=R5=2R6,
R8＝R，R8=R,
R9＝(1-K)R；R9=(1-K)R;
其中，C、R为设定基准值， Among them, C and R are setting reference values,
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：本发明提供的高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，具有高精度专用降频电路，可以极大程度上提高该传感器的测量精度，此降频电路主要分为信号检波电路与滤波电路；该超声波局放传感器独创性地使用了多级串并联型检波电路，结合串联检波与并联检波的优缺点，在检波的过程中不仅能够隔离直流分量，而且相比传统的检波电路，其噪声较小，在实测过程中不会产生惰性失真和负峰切割失真，同时，由于该电路对小信号反应灵敏，比传统电路更加适合于小信号的检测，而且，该电路动态范围大，无论对大信号还是小信号，均具有良好的检波效果，解决了传统滤波电路不能对大小信号兼顾的缺点；此外，本发明提供了一种专用滤波电路，使用了模拟独立有源椭圆函数带通滤波器来代替传统的低阶无源滤波器，负载的变化对该滤波器的性能影响微弱，因此该滤波器后方既可以挂载较大负载，也能挂载较小负载，同时，该滤波器可以有效调整电路的输入输出阻抗，其网络谐振点较为稳定，不易偏移，从而减小信号在降频电路上的波形畸变以及电压损失。According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: The ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed with the high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit provided by the present invention has a high-precision dedicated frequency reduction circuit, which can greatly improve the sensor The frequency reduction circuit is mainly divided into a signal detection circuit and a filter circuit; the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor creatively uses a multi-stage series-parallel type detection circuit, combining the advantages and disadvantages of series detection and parallel detection, in the detection process It can not only isolate the DC component, but also has less noise than the traditional detection circuit, and will not produce inertia distortion and negative peak cutting distortion in the actual measurement process. At the same time, because the circuit is sensitive to small signals, it is more accurate than the traditional circuit. It is suitable for the detection of small signals, and the dynamic range of the circuit is large, no matter for large signals or small signals, it has a good detection effect, which solves the disadvantage that the traditional filter circuit cannot take into account both large and small signals; in addition, the present invention provides a A special filter circuit, which uses an analog independent active elliptic function bandpass filter to replace the traditional low-order passive filter. Large loads can also be mounted with smaller loads. At the same time, the filter can effectively adjust the input and output impedance of the circuit. Its network resonance point is relatively stable and not easy to shift, thereby reducing the waveform distortion and voltage of the signal on the down-frequency circuit. loss.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本发明实施例检波电路结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the detection circuit of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例滤波电路结构示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例滤波电路的幅频响应曲线。FIG. 3 is an amplitude-frequency response curve of a filter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明的目的是提供一种高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，具有高精度专用信号降频电路，电路结构简单，兼顾小信号与大信号处理，可以极大程度上提高局部放电的检测精度与检测灵敏度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed with a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit, which has a high-precision dedicated signal frequency reduction circuit, a simple circuit structure, and both small and large signal processing, which can greatly improve partial discharge. detection accuracy and detection sensitivity.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-图2所示，本发明提供的高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，包括高精度信号降频电路，所述高精度信号降频电路包括电性连接的检波电路和滤波电路，所述检波电路包括第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2，第三电阻R3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第一电容C1和第二电容C2，所述第一电阻R1的一端与信号输入端连接，另一端接地，所述第一二极管D1的一端与检波信号输入端连接，另一端与所述第二电阻R2的一端连接，所述第二电阻R2的另一端接地，所述第一电容C1与所述第二电阻R2并联，所述第二电容C2的一端与所述第一电容C1的非接地端连接，所述第二电容C2的另一端与所述第二二极管D2的一端连接，所述第二二极管D2的另一端接地，所述第三电阻R3与所述第二二极管D2并联，所述第三电阻R3的非接地端与检波信号输出端连接；所述检波信号输出端与滤波信号输入端连接；为了提高前端采集的信号稳定性与可靠性，进一步降低原始信号频率，本发明所述的检波电路为专门设计的多级串并联型检波电路，检波电路的实现，有利于ADC电路对前端信号的采集以及对放电次数，放电相位的判断，可以减轻CPU的压力；信号从A处输入，当A处电压高于B处时，D1二极管导通，给C1充电。当A处电压低于B处时，二极管C1关断，电容C1经电阻R1放电，初次检波结束。并联检波过程与串联检波过程类似。当二极管D2导通时，信号向电容C2充电。当二极管D2截止时，电容C2通过R3放电，由此完成一次检波过程。由于并联型电路具有电压传输系数比串联型电路低，C2可以兼有隔直流电容的作用，因此可以有效减少后续采集系统的压力；信号从A处输入，当A处电压高于B处时，D1二极管导通，给C1充电，当A处电压低于B处时，二极管C1关断，电容C1经电阻R1放电，初次检波结束，并联检波过程与串联检波过程类似。当二极管D2导通时，信号向电容C2充电，当二极管D2截止时，电容C2通过R3放电，由此完成一次检波过程，由于并联型电路具有电压传输系数比串联型电路低，C2可以兼有隔直流电容的作用，因此可以有效减少后续采集系统的压力。As shown in Figures 1-2, the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed by the high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit provided by the present invention includes a high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit, and the high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit includes an electrically connected detection circuit and A filter circuit, the detection circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, the first One end of a resistor R1 is connected to the signal input end, and the other end is grounded. One end of the first diode D1 is connected to the detection signal input end, and the other end is connected to one end of the second resistor R2. The second resistor The other end of R2 is grounded, the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the second resistor R2, one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the non-ground end of the first capacitor C1, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the ground. One end is connected to one end of the second diode D2, the other end of the second diode D2 is grounded, the third resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the second diode D2, and the third resistor R3 The non-ground terminal of the detector is connected to the output end of the detection signal; the output end of the detection signal is connected to the input end of the filter signal; in order to improve the stability and reliability of the signal collected by the front end and further reduce the frequency of the original signal, the detection circuit of the present invention is The specially designed multi-stage series-parallel detection circuit and the realization of the detection circuit are beneficial for the ADC circuit to collect the front-end signal and judge the discharge times and discharge phases, which can reduce the pressure on the CPU; the signal is input from A, when A When the voltage is higher than B, the D1 diode conducts and charges C1. When the voltage at A is lower than that at B, the diode C1 is turned off, the capacitor C1 is discharged through the resistor R1, and the initial detection ends. The parallel detection process is similar to the series detection process. When diode D2 conducts, the signal charges capacitor C2. When the diode D2 is cut off, the capacitor C2 is discharged through R3, thereby completing a detection process. Since the parallel circuit has a lower voltage transmission coefficient than the series circuit, C2 can also function as a DC blocking capacitor, so it can effectively reduce the pressure on the subsequent acquisition system; the signal is input from A, when the voltage at A is higher than that at B, Diode D1 conducts to charge C1. When the voltage at A is lower than that at B, diode C1 is turned off, capacitor C1 is discharged through resistor R1, and the initial detection is over. The parallel detection process is similar to the series detection process. When the diode D2 is turned on, the signal charges the capacitor C2. When the diode D2 is turned off, the capacitor C2 discharges through R3, thus completing a detection process. Since the parallel circuit has a lower voltage transmission coefficient than the series circuit, C2 can have both The role of the DC blocking capacitor can effectively reduce the pressure on the subsequent acquisition system.
如图2所示，所述滤波电路包括第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9、第三电容C3、第四电容C4、第五电容C5和运算放大器A，所述第四电阻R4与第五电阻R5串联形成第一支路，所述第一支路的一端与所述滤波信号输入端连接，所述第三电容C3与第四电容C4串联形成第二支路，所述第二支路与所述第一支路并联后连接所述运算放大器A的正向输入端；所述第六电阻R6的一端连接到所述第三电容C3与第四电容C4之前，另一端接地；所述第五电容C5的一端连接到所述第四电阻R4与第五电阻R5之间，另一端连接到所述运算放大器A的输出端，所述第四电阻R7的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的正向输入端，另一端接地，所述第六电容器C6的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的正向输入端，另一端接地；所述第八电阻R8的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的反相输入端，另一端接地；所述第九电阻R9的一端连接到所述运算放大器A的反相输入端，另一端连接到所述运算放大器A的输出端。该滤波电路采用VCVS网络，其传输零点可根据需要在极点附近得到。As shown in Figure 2, the filter circuit includes a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a third capacitor C3, and a fourth capacitor C4 , the fifth capacitor C5 and the operational amplifier A, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected in series to form a first branch, one end of the first branch is connected to the filter signal input end, and the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 are connected in series to form a second branch, and the second branch is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier A after being connected in parallel with the first branch; one end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to Before the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4, the other end is grounded; one end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected between the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5, and the other end is connected to the operational amplifier A output end of the fourth resistor R7, one end of the fourth resistor R7 is connected to the positive input end of the operational amplifier A, and the other end is grounded, and one end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the positive input end of the operational amplifier A, The other end is grounded; one end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A, and the other end is grounded; one end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A, The other end is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier A. The filter circuit adopts VCVS network, and its transmission zero point can be obtained near the pole as required.
所述滤波电路的电路元件取值关系如下：The value relationship of the circuit elements of the filter circuit is as follows:
设中间值a，b，c如下：Let the intermediate values a, b, and c be as follows:
c＝2πfr； c=2πf r ;
其中，Q表示电路的品质因数，f0表示所述滤波电路的集合中心频率，fr表示所述滤波电路的谐振频率；Wherein, Q represents the quality factor of the circuit, f 0 represents the set center frequency of the filter circuit, and f represents the resonant frequency of the filter circuit;
则电路元件取值为：Then the value of the circuit element is:
C5＝C，C5=C,
R4＝R5＝2R6，R4=R5=2R6,
R8＝R，R8=R,
R9＝(1-K)R；R9=(1-K)R;
其中，C、R为设定基准值，可以根据电路性能需求进行设定，Among them, C and R are setting reference values, which can be set according to the circuit performance requirements.
图3为本发明实施例滤波电路的幅频响应曲线，如图3所示，该滤波电路过渡带窄，边沿陡峭，通带和阻带都是等波纹的，具有优秀的边沿特性，不仅能够滤除非通频带的外界干扰，还可以有效改善整个电路的输入输出阻抗，较大程度上提升检波电路的精度。Fig. 3 is the magnitude-frequency response curve of filter circuit of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 3, this filter circuit transition band is narrow, and edge is steep, and pass band and stop band are all equal ripples, have excellent edge characteristic, not only can Filtering the external interference in the non-pass band can also effectively improve the input and output impedance of the entire circuit, and greatly improve the accuracy of the detection circuit.
本发明提供的高精度信号降频电路设计的超声波局放传感器，具有高精度专用降频电路，可以极大程度上提高该传感器的测量精度，此降频电路主要分为信号检波电路与滤波电路；该超声波局放传感器独创性地使用了多级串并联型检波电路，结合串联检波与并联检波的优缺点，在检波的过程中不仅能够隔离直流分量，而且相比传统的检波电路，其噪声较小，在实测过程中不会产生惰性失真和负峰切割失真，同时，由于该电路对小信号反应灵敏，比传统电路更加适合于小信号的检测，而且，该电路动态范围大，无论对大信号还是小信号，均具有良好的检波效果，解决了传统滤波电路不能对大小信号兼顾的缺点；此外，本发明提供了一种专用滤波电路，使用了模拟独立有源椭圆函数带通滤波器来代替传统的低阶无源滤波器，负载的变化对该滤波器的性能影响微弱，因此该滤波器后方既可以挂载较大负载，也能挂载较小负载，同时，该滤波器可以有效调整电路的输入输出阻抗，其网络谐振点较为稳定，不易偏移，从而减小信号在降频电路上的波形畸变以及电压损失。The ultrasonic partial discharge sensor designed by the high-precision signal frequency reduction circuit provided by the present invention has a high-precision special frequency reduction circuit, which can greatly improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor. The frequency reduction circuit is mainly divided into a signal detection circuit and a filter circuit. ; The ultrasonic partial discharge sensor creatively uses a multi-stage series-parallel detection circuit, combining the advantages and disadvantages of series detection and parallel detection, it can not only isolate the DC component during the detection process, but also has less noise than the traditional detection circuit. Smaller, it will not produce inertial distortion and negative peak cutting distortion in the actual measurement process. At the same time, because the circuit is sensitive to small signals, it is more suitable for small signal detection than traditional circuits. Moreover, the circuit has a large dynamic range. Whether it is a large signal or a small signal, both have a good detection effect, which solves the disadvantage that the traditional filter circuit cannot take into account both large and small signals; in addition, the present invention provides a special filter circuit that uses an analog independent active elliptic function bandpass filter To replace the traditional low-order passive filter, the change of the load has little effect on the performance of the filter, so the rear of the filter can be mounted with a large load or a small load, and at the same time, the filter can Effectively adjust the input and output impedance of the circuit, the network resonance point is relatively stable, and it is not easy to shift, thereby reducing the waveform distortion and voltage loss of the signal on the down-frequency circuit.
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。In this paper, specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention Thoughts, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application ranges. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
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