CN110393164A - It is suitble to the clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in northern China cold sea area - Google Patents
It is suitble to the clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in northern China cold sea area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000206751 Chrysophyceae Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000091751 Chaetoceros muellerii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000206747 Cylindrotheca closterium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004259 Zizania latifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000085595 Zizania latifolia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001123258 Meretrix meretrix Species 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010049244 Ankyloglossia congenital Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010013530 Diverticula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013554 Diverticulum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001262059 Meretrix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237551 Veneridae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding methods in suitable northern China cold sea area, first stage: the screening of clam parent shellfish, oviposition, incubating oosperm, floating larva indoors artificial is cultivated and the processes such as shell top larval metamorphosis attachment, it is about 0.9mm clam juvenile mollusk that it is long, which to cultivate shell, and the stage is from 6 the end of month to mid-October；Second stage: by clam juvenile mollusk, by outdoor ponds overwintering culture, to shell, the long process for being about 4.5mm, time arrive the April of second year from mid-October；Phase III: the clam juvenile mollusk after will be overwintering is through outdoor ponds intermediate rearing to the process of the long 1.0cm or more of shell, and time history is about from April to July.This method can provide technical guarantee for the large-scale production of big specification clam seed, and sufficient seed supply is provided for the development of clam aquatic breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shellfish rearing of fingerling, more specifically, being related to a kind of suitable northern China cold sea area
Clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method；It is especially suitable for Dalian Area to cultivate.
Background technique
Clam (Meretrix meretrix) is under the jurisdiction of Mollusca, lamellibranchiata, curtain clam mesh, Veneridae, Meretrix,
It is important one of the marine commercial molluscs in China.Clam is mainly distributed on Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangxi and the Taiwan in China etc.
Near coastal area and Korea, Japanese coastal inner bay and river mouth.It is Japanese early in late 1970s to the beginning of the eighties
Some scholars have carried out clam room heat source and proliferation test in succession, make some progress, but so far still in examination
Test scale.Late 1970s, Xiamen Aquatic Production College and Jiangsu Prov. Inst. of Marine Aquatic Products take the lead in having carried out clam at home
Room heat source research is concentrated mainly on the researchs such as artificial induction's oviposition, larvae cultivation ecological condition and the screening of agreeable to the taste bait
Work, and greater advance is achieved, but not can solve seed Transitional culture problem.The 1990s, Shandong Province ocean
Aquatic products research institute, Liaoning Inst of Marine Products, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
And winding clam seed farm has carried out Large scale artifical breeding of hard clam Meretrix meretrix Linneus research in succession, further perfect clam room heat source
Technology.Liaoning Inst of Marine Products has successively carried out the overwintering test-culture outdoors of clam juvenile mollusk productivity indoor or outdoors simultaneously,
There is greater advance in terms of clam juvenile mollusk overwintering technology, but does not fully achieve large-scale production yet.China Shandong is existed with Nanhai District
In clam seed early stage cultivating process, two-part Cultivating techniques system, i.e. room heat source --- outdoor ponds are generally used
The approach of intermediate rearing.But production practices prove, two-part clam offspring seed cultivation method is simultaneously unsuitable for northern China cold
The large-scale production of sea area clam large size seedling seed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of clam large size seedling seed breeding methods in suitable northern China cold sea area, i.e.,
Indoor fingerlings artificial culturing --- outdoor ponds overwintering culture --- outdoor ponds intermediate rearing three-stage clam large size seedling seed
Breeding method, to guarantee the large-scale production of clam large size seedling seed.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of clam in suitable northern China cold sea area is big
Size seedling seed three-stage breeding method, includes the following steps:
S1, indoor culture period: 6 the end of month to mid-October；
Gonadal development is selected to the individual of the long 6~8cm of IV phase, 3~5 age of age and shell as close shellfish；It is put into oviposition
Pond oviposition, sperm drainage, the hatching densities of fertilized eggs are controlled in 30~50/mL, every stirring in 1 hour water 1 time during hatching,
25~27 DEG C of water temperature of hatching；
Later, D-shaped larva is cultivated using hydrostatic or micro airing form, cultivates 5~8/mL of density, during larvae cultivation
The dim light state for keeping 500lux, is changed water 1~2 time daily, and day water is the 2/3~3/4 of water body, daily bait throwing in 4~6 times, bait
Material is with chrysophyceae 1 × 104~2 × 104Cell/ml, chlorella 3 × 105~5 × 105Cell/ml and Nitzschia closterium minutissima 9 × 104~
18×104Based on cell/ml；To shell top larval phase, cultivating density is 8.0 × 105A/m2, 1.2 meters of the depth of water, dispensing 1.0~
The fine sand of 1.5cm uses hydraulic giant flushing tank bed load layer daily, and daily bait throwing in 4~6 times, bait is based on chrysophyceae and flat algae；Culture is extremely
The average a length of 0.9mm clam juvenile mollusk of shell；
Clam juvenile mollusk is moved to outdoor ponds by the clam juvenile mollusk phase, and throw-in density is about 6.0 × 105Piece/m2, 1.2 meters of the depth of water,
Bait is with flat algae 0.1 × 104~0.2 × 104Cell/ml and chlorella 1 × 105~2 × 105Based on cell/ml, it is aided with simultaneously
Chrysophyceae 1.5 × 104~2.0 × 104Cell/ml and Chaetoceros muelleri 1 × 104~2 × 104Cell/ml cultivates water temperature control and exists
23~26 DEG C, it is primary that water is changed daily, while rinsing layer of sand with hydraulic giant；
S2, outside scenery phase: the April of mid-October to second year；
In this stage, it is about 4.5mm that clam juvenile mollusk is long to shell by outdoor ponds overwintering culture；
The outdoor ponds, are arranged in a manner of net cage, and each net cage includes the cement stick for being laid on bottom, are laid on the water
Bamboo curtain splint on mud stick, 4 mesh first layer nylon bolting silk nets being laid on the bamboo curtain splint, is laid in the first layer nylon bolting silk net
8 mesh second layer nylon bolting silk nets, and be layed in the fine sand of top layer；
The circumferentially-spaced of the net cage be provided with vertical support rod, by the support rod, using hawser from inside to outside
It is successively fixed with around pond one week 120 mesh third nylon bolting silk net and the 4th nylon bolting silk net of 20 mesh；
S3, overwintering rear culture period: from April to July；
Continue outdoor ponds culture, until the long 1.0cm or more of shell.
Under preferred embodiment, the cement block specifications are 6.0 × 4.0m；The third nylon bolting silk net, the 4th nylon mesh
Tulle, it is 20c and 30cm that height, which is respectively higher than the fine sand surface,；The adjacent support rod is 1 m distance；The fine sand thickness
For 2cm.
Step S2 under optimum way, outdoor ponds overwintering culture enter the winter envelope ice premise high water level, the depth of water 2.0 m~
More than 2.5m；Feng Binghou per two weeks makes a call to 1 ice eye；Accumulated snow on ice is removed after snowing.
Furthermore it is preferred that under mode, step S2 is changed water 1 time, seawater salinity should maintain 25 ‰~28 ‰, in time for every two days
Juvenile mollusk individual is sorted, the clam seed of different size is bred as respectively.
The present invention has the advantage that
Clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method can make clam seed overwintering survival rate reach 85%, breach China
This difficult technical bottleneck of cold sea area clam seed rearing, thus further perfect northern China sea area clam seed rearing
Technical system, the large-scale production for big specification clam seed provide technical guarantee, provide for the development of clam aquatic breeding
Sufficient seed supply.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overwintering culture facility structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that circled amplifies detail view in Fig. 1；
In figure: 1, cement stick, 2, bamboo curtain splint, 3,4 mesh nylon bolting silk nets, 4,8 mesh nylon bolting silk nets, 5, fine sand, 6,120 mesh nylon
Bolting silk net, 7,20 mesh nylon bolting silk nets, 8, hawser, 9, knot, 10, support rod
Specific embodiment
Present invention firstly provides a kind of ponds of suitable clam north outdoor breeding, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention
Overwintering culture facility is the continental rise enclosure built-up by upper and lower purse seine, and main part mainly includes cement stick 1, bamboo curtain splint
2,4 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 3,8 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 4,120 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 6,20 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 7, fine sand 5, hawser 8,
Knot 9 and support rod 10.
Pond bottom is composed of the cement stick 1, and specification is 6.0 × 4.0m, is laid with is compiled by bamboo above
Bamboo curtain splint 2, place the 4 mesh nylon bolting silk net 3, the 8 mesh nylon bolting silk net respectively above the bamboo curtain splint 24 two layers；Upper,
Lower layer's etting is rectangle, and the 20 mesh nylon bolting silk net, the 120 mesh nylon bolting silk net is respectively adopted, is highly respectively
30cm and 20cm, in advance with sewing machine by upper and lower level joining；Etting is fixed around rectangle direction every 1m with frenulum
On support rod, etting lower edges are sewn in etting with hawser reinforces etting.In bottom after etting is fixed
The fine sand (filtering through 80 mesh sieve tulles) of 2 cm thickness is put into above etting.
The present invention utilizes above-mentioned pond, provides a kind of clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method, the first stage: text
The screening of clam parent shellfish, oviposition, incubating oosperm, floating larva indoors artificial is cultivated and the processes such as shell top larval metamorphosis attachment, training
It is about 0.9mm clam juvenile mollusk, the stage from 6 the end of month to 10 middle of the month that it is long, which to bring out shell,；Second stage: by clam juvenile mollusk by room
Outer Wintering cultivates to shell the long process for being about 4.5mm, and the time arrives the April of second year from mid-October；Phase III: will
Clam juvenile mollusk after overwintering through outdoor ponds intermediate rearing to the process of the long 1.0cm or more of shell, time history about from April to
July.This method can provide technical guarantee for the large-scale production of big specification clam seed, develop for clam aquatic breeding
Provide sufficient seed supply.
The clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in the specific suitable northern China cold sea area of the present invention, feature exist
In including the following steps:
1, gonadal development is selected to the individual of the long 6~8cm of IV phase, 3~5 age of age and shell as close shellfish；
2, the clam parent shellfish of above-mentioned S1 neutrality gland maturity is put into oviposition, sperm drainage, the hatching density of fertilized eggs after spawning pond
Control is stirred water 1 time during hatching every 1h within the scope of 30~50/mL, hatches 25~27 DEG C of water temperature；
3, D-shaped larva is cultivated using hydrostatic or micro airing form, cultivates 5~8/mL of density, is protected during larvae cultivation
Dim light state (500lux) is held, is changed daily water 1~2 time, day water is the 2/3~3/4 of water body, daily bait throwing in 4~6 times, bait
With chrysophyceae 1 × 104~2 × 104Cell/ml, chlorella 3 × 105~5 × 105Cell/ml and Nitzschia closterium minutissima 9 × 104~18
×104Based on cell/ml；
4, larvae cultivation density in shell top is 8.0 × 105A/m2, 1.2 meters of the depth of water, the fine sand of 1.0~1.5cm is launched, daily
With hydraulic giant flushing tank bed load layer, bait throwing in 4~6 times, bait is based on chrysophyceae and flat algae, and according to larva Digestive diverticula color, full
Residual bait amount situation adjusts the abundance of food in full degree and water；
5, in the clam juvenile mollusk nurturing period, throw-in density is about 6.0 × 105Piece/m2, bait is with flat algae 0.1 × 104~
0.2×104Based on cell/ml and chlorella, while being aided with chrysophyceae 1.5 × 104~2.0 × 104Cell/ml and Chaetoceros muelleri 1
×104~2 × 104Cell/ml, cultivates water temperature control at 23~26 DEG C, and daily 100% to change water primary, while being rinsed with High Pressure Gun
Layer of sand achievees the purpose that residual bait, excrement, cleaning mucus is discharged；
Wherein, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, outdoor ponds overwintering culture facility includes cement stick 1, bamboo curtain splint 2,4 mesh nylon mesh
Tulle 3,8 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 4, fine sand 5,120 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 6,20 mesh nylon bolting silk nets 7, hawser 8, knot 9 and support
Bar 10.Bottommost is made of the cement stick, bamboo curtain splint, 4 mesh nylon bolting silk nets, 8 mesh nylon bolting silk nets, is laid with first layer above
Nylon bolting silk net 3, second layer nylon bolting silk net 4 is laid with above the first layer nylon bolting silk net 3, and top layer is laid with fine sand, institute
Fine sand is stated with a thickness of 2 cm, the surrounding 120 mesh nylon bolting silk net of facility, the 20 mesh nylon bolting silk are surrounded and are formed, and four
The bolting silk net in week is fixed on the support rod with the hawser and the knot；Outdoor ponds intermediate rearing facility and above-mentioned room
It is completely the same that outer Wintering cultivates facility.
Wherein, outdoor ponds overwintering culture needs to improve water level as far as possible into winter Feng Bingqian, the depth of water in 2.0m or more,
Water Inversion phenomenon, four kinds of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen water quality physical and chemical indexes are measured weekly, and are spaced the overwintering bottom material of pond for breeding feelings of two weeks inspection
Condition (substrate whether smelly and bed mud color) and observation seed Survival (whether there is or not dead individuals), Feng Binghou per two weeks beat
1 ice eye removes accumulated snow on ice in time after snowing；Outdoor ponds intermediate rearing needs the increasing of clam juvenile mollusk nurturing period to change water
Amount, is changed water 1 time for every two days, appropriate rich water or pipeline mode to promote the growth of seed, seawater salinity should maintain 25 ‰~
28 ‰, and sorting juvenile mollusk individual in time, the clam seed of different size is bred as respectively.
Embodiment 1
The kind shellfish 250kg of gonadal maturation is transported to nursery by July 5th, 2016, is then entered pond and is laid eggs, arranged
Close shellfish is transferred to other spawning ponds and continues to lay eggs by essence after the oviposition of close shellfish, which reaches, cultivates density.It is taken after fertilized eggs in pond are stirred evenly
Then sample is filled it up with water and is hatched, incubating oosperm density is about 45/mL, obtains 2,000,000,000 fertilized eggs, incubation period altogether
Between every stirring in 1 hour water 1 time, hatching water temperature is 25 DEG C or so；D-shaped larvae cultivation density is 5.5/mL or so, micro
Inflation is cultivated, and daily 50% changes water twice, and investment concentration is 2~3g/m after changing water daily3Penicillin antibacterials, daily throw
Bait 6 times, based on chrysophyceae, chlorella and Nitzschia closterium minutissima, pond is carried out down when floating larvae is averaged shell up to 150~160 μm；
Shell top larva is pressed 80 × 104A/m2Density is transferred to culture pond, while being put into the fine sand that 1.5cm is handled well, cultivates pool water level control
System is in 50cm, and appropriate to inflate, daily 100% changes water 1 time, rinses fine sand with hydraulic giant when changing water, feeds chrysophyceae and flat algae 5 daily
It is secondary, and according to the color appropriate adjustment abundance of food of water body；It is about 60 × 10 that clam juvenile mollusk, which cultivates density,4Piece/m2, bait mainly with
Based on flat algae and chlorella, supplemented by chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros muelleri, daily 100% is changed water 1 time, and rinses sand bed with hydraulic giant；October
Clam seedling 86,000,000 of a length of 700~1500 μm of shell are obtained within 15th altogether.
In October, 2016~2017 year April carries out clam seed overwintering culture in outdoor ponds, and pond area is about
0.27hm2, 10, net cage that specification is 6.0 × 4.0 × 0.5m (length × width × height), etting specification used in net cage bottom are placed altogether
For 120 mesh, mesh used in surrounding is followed successively by 120 mesh and 20 mesh, and height is respectively 20cm and 30cm.It is used simultaneously in pond bottom
Cement item makes net cage placement platform, is covered with the bamboo curtain splint being compiled into bamboo above, and it is 4 mesh and 8 that mesh is laid above bamboo curtain splint
Two layers of purpose etting is sowed indoor culture clam seed in net cage by the even density of about 10,000,000/case；Enter winter Feng Bing
Premise high water level measures weekly four water Inversion phenomenon, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen water quality indicators to 2.5m, and check substrate situation and
Seed Survival, Feng Binghou per two weeks beats ice eye 1 time, and removes accumulated snow on ice in time；On April 12nd, 2011, to overwintering
Clam juvenile mollusk afterwards measures, and measures a length of 4.5mm of average shell of clam seed or so, and total quantity is 71,000,000 or so,
Overwintering survival rate is about 83%.
During in April, 2017~2017 year Augusts, clam seed is put into outdoor shrimp ponds and carries out intermediate rearing, shares 2 ponds
The pool, area are 0.07hm2Left and right.10, net cage that specification is 6.0 × 4.0 × 0.5m are laid in each pond, and net cage is put
It sets and is fixed on the platform put up, the fine sand filtered through 80 mesh sieve tulles that each net cage is put into a thickness of 2cm is used in combination
The water pump of diameter 5em cleans；Throw Miao Qianyong bleaching powder to be bred as pond carry out disinfection, manually remove snail, crab class enemy, then into
Water is to 1m, and rich water, transparency are controlled in 30~50cm, and water level is added to 1.5m；By the close of about 1,000,000/case when seed is launched
Degree is uniformly sowed in net cage；Management is broadly divided into three periods, and earlier growth stage (April~May) the every 7 days water pumps with 5cm rush
It washes seed 1 time, changes water 1 time within every two days, quantity of exchanged water 1/2；Incubation mid-term (May~June) every 5 days flushing seed 1 time, every two
It changes water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 1/2；It is bred as later period (July~August) management and cultivation mid-term is almost the same, the nurturing period, with straight
Layer of sand in the immersible pump flushing net cage that diameter is 5.1cm, intermediate rearing stage results of regular determination water Inversion phenomenon physicochemical factors, and
Check substrate situation of change and seed Survival；In August, 2017 obtain altogether average shell it is long > 11,500,000, seed of 1.3cm
Left and right, 1.3cm seed below is about 5,500,000, and the Transitional culture survival rate of clam juvenile mollusk is about 85%.
The clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in suitable northern China cold sea area provided by the invention, can be significantly
Improve the survival rate of clam juvenile mollusk.Since length is limited, total Test data can not be enumerated, the present invention only provides part test number
According to support beneficial effects of the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in suitable northern China cold sea area, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
S1, indoor culture period: 6 the end of month to mid-October；
Gonadal development is selected to the individual of the long 6~8cm of IV phase, 3~5 age of age and shell as close shellfish；It is put into spawning pond production
Ovum, sperm drainage, the hatching density of fertilized eggs are controlled in 30~50/mL, every stirring in 1 hour water 1 time during hatching, hatch water
25~27 DEG C of temperature；
Later, D-shaped larva is cultivated using hydrostatic or micro airing form, cultivates 5~8/mL of density, is kept during larvae cultivation
The dim light state of 500lux is changed water 1~2 time daily, day water be water body 2/3~3/4, daily bait throwing in 4~6 times, bait with
Chrysophyceae 1 × 104~2 × 104Cell/ml, chlorella 3 × 105~5 × 105Cell/ml and Nitzschia closterium minutissima 9 × 104~18 ×
104Based on cell/ml；To shell top larval phase, cultivating density is 8.0 × 105A/m2, 1.2 meters of the depth of water, launch 1.0~1.5cm's
Fine sand uses hydraulic giant flushing tank bed load layer daily, and daily bait throwing in 4~6 times, bait is based on chrysophyceae and flat algae；It cultivates to average shell
A length of 0.9mm clam juvenile mollusk；
Clam juvenile mollusk is moved to outdoor ponds by the clam juvenile mollusk phase, and throw-in density is about 6.0 × 105Piece/m2, 1.2 meters of the depth of water, bait
With flat algae 0.1 × 104~0.2 × 104Cell/ml and chlorella 1 × 105~~2 × 105Based on cell/ml, while being aided with gold
Algae 1.5 × 104~2.0 × 104Cell/ml and Chaetoceros muelleri 1 × 104~2 × 104Cell/ml cultivates water temperature control 23
~26 DEG C, it is primary that water is changed daily, while rinsing layer of sand with hydraulic giant；
S2, outside scenery phase: the April of mid-October to second year；
In this stage, it is about 4.5mm that clam juvenile mollusk is long to shell by outdoor ponds overwintering culture；
The outdoor ponds, are arranged in a manner of net cage, and each net cage includes the cement stick (1) for being laid on bottom, are laid on the water
Bamboo curtain splint (2) on mud stick (1), 4 mesh first layer nylon bolting silk nets (3) being laid on the bamboo curtain splint (2), is laid on the first layer
8 mesh second layer nylon bolting silk nets (4) in nylon bolting silk net (3), and it is layed in the fine sand (5) of top layer；
The circumferentially-spaced of the net cage be provided with vertical support rod (10), by the support rod (10), using hawser (8) by
It is successively fixed with from inside to outside around one week the 4th nylon bolting silk net (7) of 120 mesh third nylon bolting silk nets (6) and 20 mesh in pond；
S3, overwintering rear culture period: from April to July；
Continue outdoor ponds culture, until the long 1.0cm or more of shell.
2. it is suitble to the clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in northern China cold sea area according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, cement stick (1) specification is 6.0 × 4.0m；The third nylon bolting silk net (6), the 4th nylon bolting silk net
(7), it is 20c and 30cm that height, which is respectively higher than fine sand (5) surface,；The adjacent support rod (10) is 1m distance；It is described thin
Husky (5) are with a thickness of 2cm.
3. it is suitble to the clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in northern China cold sea area according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, step S2, outdoor ponds overwintering culture is entering winter envelope ice premise high water level, and the depth of water is in 2.0m~2.5m or more；Envelope
Per two weeks makes a call to 1 ice eye after ice；Accumulated snow on ice is removed after snowing.
4. it is suitble to the clam large size seedling seed three-stage breeding method in northern China cold sea area according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, step S2 is changed water 1 time for every two days, and seawater salinity should maintain 25 ‰~28 ‰, sorts juvenile mollusk individual in time, will
The clam seed of different size is bred as respectively.
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| CN111670847A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-18 | 大连海洋大学 | Artificial cultivation method for large-specification autumn seedlings of Japanese sea clam |
| CN117882663A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 山东得和明兴生物科技有限公司 | Automatic high-density clam offspring breeding system and method |
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