CN110363977A - A kind of remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system based on LoRa technology - Google Patents
A kind of remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system based on LoRa technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110363977A CN110363977A CN201910493155.6A CN201910493155A CN110363977A CN 110363977 A CN110363977 A CN 110363977A CN 201910493155 A CN201910493155 A CN 201910493155A CN 110363977 A CN110363977 A CN 110363977A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0248—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal dependent on the time of the day, e.g. according to expected transmission activity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/245—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account received signal strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system based on LoRa technology that the invention discloses a kind of, including acquisition node, concentrator node and meter reading center;Wherein acquisition node is responsible for the acquisition of kilowatt meter reading-out system data, is connect between concentrator node by LoRa radio communication;Acquisition node includes MCU control circuit and difference sensor acquisition interface connected to it, LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit;The present invention strengthens the concealment of signal using LoRa spread spectrum communication transmission meter reading data, and the reliability of signal transmission is improved using forward error correction coding technology.The present invention is carried out wireless communication using two kinds of nodes of acquisition node and concentrator and is not only simple in structure, while improving transmission range.The power consumption of acquisition node is reduced using power control techniques, concentrator polling algorithm and improved asynchronous wake-up mechanism.Expansion interface is provided on hardware and software simultaneously, extends other providing convenience property of module to be following.The present invention more meets radio meter register node to remote and low-power consumption transmission demand.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radio transmission technical field, in particular to a kind of remote low-consumption wireless based on LoRa technology
Kilowatt meter reading-out system.
Background technique
With the rapid development of technology of Internet of things, demand of the enterprises such as electric power, waterpower and combustion gas to monitoring system increasingly increases
Greatly.How will disperse and the data such as huge user power consumption, water consumption are timely and effective and accurately collect statistics, become
Enterprise's problem in the urgent need to address.Using the mode of traditional artificial meter reading, not only meter reading process efficiency is low, while there is also
The case where mistake copies, pretermission, therefore the enterprises such as supply water of powering need a kind of low cost, low-power consumption, convenient for installation and maintenance, performance stabilization
Centralized automatic meter-reading solution.
Radio meter register be it is a kind of be acquired using information of the wireless communication technique to electric supply meter, water meter and gas meter, flow meter and
The technology of processing.As a representative case in Internet of Things practical application, with embedded technology and the communication technology
Development, radio meter register is widely applied.But since radio meter register equipment is generally placed at more complicated architectural environment
In, it is more demanding to used wireless communication technique for the connectivity and robustness for guaranteeing wireless signal.Radio meter register simultaneously
How equipment reduces it and runs power consumption, kilowatt meter recorder is enabled to possess longer service life frequently with battery powered mode
It is also problem to be solved.
The transport protocol of comparative maturity used in wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system mainly has WiFi, Zigbee and Sub-1GHz at present
(being lower than 1GHz) ad hoc network.But WiFi equipment power consumption is higher, and Zigbee protocol is more complicated, and development cost is relatively high, phase
Than for, Sub-1GHz frequency range is largely used in radio meter register application due to diffractive preferable.LoRa technology conduct
A kind of newer low-power consumption wan technology, working frequency range are lower than 1GHz, additionally, due to using spread-spectrum modulation technique and forward direction
Error correction coding, so that having stronger penetrability and anti-interference using the wireless signal of LoRa technology, to highlight it
Market potential in radio meter register application.Currently, power technology compares the development phase of embedded technology and wireless communication technique
To lag, the limited battery capacity of node can not support node long lasting for work, can the energy content of battery be efficiently utilized
It is the key that radio meter register data transmission nodal life span length.The economy proposed with the raising and country of human cost
The transformation of growth pattern, for water meter, more stringent requirements are proposed with management for gas meter, flow meter intelligence acquisition, and wireless technology is incorporated
Meter reading process, so that the intelligent management of realization table tool has become inexorable trend.
Wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system is that the data of base table are acquired and are transmitted using wireless communication technique and calculator technology
System, be usually made of concentrator, acquisition node, communication channel and meter reading center.Wherein, acquisition node is also referred to as distributed
Formula access unit is responsible for the acquisition of kilowatt meter reading-out system data.Concentrator is known as data access center, is mainly responsible for and collects acquisition node
Business datum, the processing capacity and communication capacity of concentrator are stronger, and have enough energy supplies.Meter reading center is in management
The heart is responsible for control, management and the processing of data.Wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system generally uses distributed communication structure, overall structure
As shown in Figure 1.
Concentrator is known as up channel to meter reading center, and concentrator to acquisition node is known as down channel.Uplink is believed at present
Road generally uses the remote data transmissions mode such as GPRS or cable network, and signal transmission reliability and technology enforcement difficulty are not
It is the main problem in radio meter register.Radio meter register key is down channel, this part is the core of wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system, quilt
Referred to as wireless data access system.Wireless data access system is being distributed in the acquisition node data of multiple spot by wireless communication
Technology is aggregated into concentrator.LoRa technology is a kind of low-power consumption wan technology, be can be realized remote under super low-power consumption
Transmission, therefore LoRa technology is readily applicable to above-mentioned scene.However, how by the collected data summarization of acquisition node to concentrator
Node is the difficult point of this part.Meanwhile acquisition node is frequently with battery powered mode, if designing this section communication agreement,
So that it is focus of attention of the present invention that acquisition node, which possesses longer service life,.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above issues, the present invention provides a kind of remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system based on LoRa technology, tool
There are the advantages such as long transmission distance, safe and reliable.
Technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system based on LoRa technology, including acquisition node, concentrator node and
Meter reading center;Wherein acquisition node is responsible for the acquisition of kilowatt meter reading-out system data, passes through LoRa radio communication between concentrator node
Connection;Concentrator node is responsible for collecting between acquisition node business datum and meter reading center through mobile communications network or wired
Network carries out remote data transmission, and the control, management and processing of data are responsible in meter reading center.
Specifically, acquisition node includes MCU control circuit and difference sensor acquisition interface connected to it, LoRa radio frequency
Transmission circuit;Wherein sensor acquisition interface completes the acquisition to sensing data, and MCU control circuit is completed control function and transported
Packed data frame is sent to LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit by row communication protocol, combination and packaged data frame, is received and is handled
From LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit transmission come data, LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit by MCU control circuit control, be responsible for send and
Receive wireless data packet.
MCU control circuit includes power circuit, crystal oscillating circuit, MCU and peripheral operational module circuit and receives with LoRa radio frequency
Power Generation Road connects circuit;LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit includes external crystal oscillation circuit, radio frequency transmitter circuitry, wave reception filtering circuit, penetrates
Frequency switching circuit and antenna circuit.
Preferably, the concentrator node operation RTOS and communication protocol are managed meshed network state, collect and adopt
Collect node data, responds remote command, network parameter is configured.
Preferably, the acquisition node and concentrator node are more using power control techniques, dynamic centralized poll time-division
Location agreement and improved asynchronous wake-up mechanism reduce power consumption.
Preferably, the acquisition node and concentrator node use the power control techniques based on RSSI, are saved by acquisition
Point receives the RSSI signal of concentrator node, automatic to change own transmission power and LoRa parameter to reduce node power consumption.
Preferably, the mac-layer protocol of the acquisition node and concentrator node is using the centralized poll time division multiple acess of dynamic
Agreement, to generate energy consumption because of competitive channel when solving the problems, such as transmitting data between nodes.
Preferably, the acquisition node uses improved asynchronous wake-up mechanism, is stopped by increasing collection period exterior node
Dormancy duration reduces monitoring/suspend mode duty ratio to optimize power consumption.
Preferably, the concentrator node retains a variety of external communication interfaces, so that data pass through wired and wireless side
Formula is aggregated into meter reading center.
Preferably, the concentrator node is additionally provided with the api interface of expansion equipment, realizes that future needs peripheral hardware to connect it
His expansion module, ensure that the scalability of system.
The invention has the advantages that
The present invention strengthens the concealment of signal using LoRa spread spectrum communication transmission meter reading data, uses forward error correction coding
Technology improves the reliability of signal transmission.The present invention is carried out wireless communication not only using two kinds of nodes of acquisition node and concentrator
Structure is simple, while improving transmission range.Use power control techniques, concentrator polling algorithm and improved asynchronous wake-up machine
System reduces the power consumption of acquisition node.Expansion interface is provided on hardware and software simultaneously, will be extended other modules for future and is provided
Convenience.The present invention more meets radio meter register node to remote and low-power consumption transmission demand.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, attached drawing needed in the embodiment will be done simply below
It introduces.
Fig. 1 is remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system;
Fig. 2 is the hardware block diagram of acquisition node;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system software section.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description.
Hardware node of the present invention includes acquisition node and concentrator node.Acquisition node connects sensor, after acquiring data,
The data being collected are packaged into LoRa packet by LoRa technology, are then communicated using single-hop with concentrator node.It concentrates
Device node is good by the acquisition data summarization received, is transferred out data by external interface.Concentrator node is also born simultaneously
Duty maintenance network, can emit configuration order and change circuit parameter.Its node circuit block diagram such as Fig. 2 shows.
Software section is mainly made of three parts, is driving layer, middle layer MAC protocol and the MCU and master of SX1278 respectively
The communication interface standard of machine.Driving layer is physics bottom, including transmission and reception processing, mainly follows the regulatory mechanism of MAC layer,
Emission of radio frequency signals and reception processing are realized in the defined time.Middle layer mainly includes dynamic polling time division multiple access protocol and adopts
Collect the realization of node transmitting power control technology.High-level interface agreement includes the serial ports UART association of concentrator node and main-machine communication
View.The frame of software section is as shown in Figure 3.
The present invention reduces there are mainly three types of the modes of power consumption, next tells about respectively.
It is the power consumption that acquisition node is reduced using power control algorithm first.For radio meter register data transmission network, adopt
Collection node acquisition Data Concurrent gives concentrator node, and concentrator node receives acquisition node data.If the transmitting of acquisition node
Power is PT(dBm), receiving power is P 'R(dBm), concentrator node transmitting power is P 'T(dBm), receiving power is PR
(dBm), it can be obtained according to formula 3.6:
PT(dBm)-Pg(dBm)=P 'T(dBm)-PR(dBm)=10 × n × lg (r) (1)
Assuming that it is RSSI that acquisition node, which receives power, it is RSSI ' that concentrator node, which receives power, and substitution formula 1 can obtain:
RSSI=PT(dBm)-P′T(dBm)+RSSI (2)
In radio meter register network, acquisition node acquires data to concentrator node-node transmission, to reduce acquisition node power consumption
The reliability for guaranteeing transmission data simultaneously, needs the reception power of concentrator node, i.e., RSSI ' control is in certain range.
P ' in formula 2TIt is concentrator transmission power, is in a network definite value, so when the RSSI that acquisition node receives signal is bigger than normal
When, the transmission power P of reduction acquisition node can be passed throughTRSSI ' is maintained a certain range, conversely, when receiving signal
When RSSI is less than normal, increase acquisition node transmission power.The transmitting of node is adjusted by the RSSI value that acquisition node receives signal
RSSI ' value of the power to make concentrator node receive maintains certain range.
Followed by dynamic polling algorithm is selected to carry out MAC layer design, reduces expense when network node competition transmission.Wirelessly
There is fixed ID (identifier) each acquisition node in meter reading network, each meter reading process needs to copy and accept all nodes, to copying
Reliability and the accuracy rate for receiving data are more demanding.Fixed Slot Allocation Algorithm or centralization can be used in wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system
Polling time slot allocation algorithm.Acquisition node distributes fixed time slot in a network in fixed Slot Allocation Algorithm, when time slot does not reach
Timing enters low power consumpting state, and time slot is interrupted after reaching and waken up, carries out data transmission with concentrator node, after time slot again
Into low-power consumption mode;In centralized poll TDMA Algorithm, concentrator node periodicity sending wake-up association, node is received
Enter data transfer phase after wake-up signal, remaining state is low power consumpting state, reduces nodes power consumption.Compared to it
Under, fixed Slot Allocation Algorithm adjusts more troublesome, network parameter setting more demanding to Network Synchronization and slot synchronization
After be difficult to change.And dynamic centralization poll TDMA algorithm is more flexible, network parameter can dynamically adjust in transmission process,
It can reduce network power consumption by reasonably distributing suspend mode and wake-up period.
In radio meter register network, service life dormancy awakening mechanism reduces power consumption when node idle listening.And it adopts
Collection node is not aware that whether concentrator node has sent acquisition instructions in dormant state, so needing to call out using wake-up mechanism
Awake acquisition node.Typical dormancy awakening mechanism has synchronized wake-up mechanism and asynchronous wake-up mechanism.
Synchronized wake-up mechanism is that stringent Network Synchronization is kept to need periodic tranmitting data register synchronization signal, this is not only numerous
Power consumption that is trivial but also will affect node, in contrast, asynchronous wake-up mechanism are then simple more, it is only necessary to wake up section to be collected
Point, remaining node enter suspend mode after Address Confirmation, reduce network power consumption.However, wireless kilowatt meter reading-out system is not always
During meter reading, the meter reading period is usually once a day that a meter reading time can only continue 0.5~1 hour, acquisition section
Point directly receives preamble signal using the asynchronous wake-up mechanism of fixed cycle, undoubtedly increases power consumption.Modified is used herein
Asynchronous wake-up mechanism, within the meter reading time, acquisition node maintains normal wake-up period, increases between waking up outside the meter reading time
Every making acquisition node have more dormancy times, to reduce power consumption.
Power control debugs the stage in node installation, and concentrator node wakes up one by one according to the network address of acquisition node,
Carry out power regulation.Concentrator node sends wake up instruction first and wakes up acquisition node, then sends Pa_Configure and refers to
After order in a receive mode, acquisition node adjusts the transmission power of node according to the RSSI value for receiving signal.Node regulates
500 data packets are continuously transmitted to concentrator node after transmission power, concentrator is according to received data packet and takes statistics, if lost
Packet rate sends Pa_ConfigureOk instruction less than 1%, if packet loss is greater than 1% or concentrator node is in a period of time
It is not received by signal and then sends Pa_ConfigureFail instruction, acquisition node power grade repeats above-mentioned survey after increasing level-one
Examination.Concentrator node is according to node network address, after the transmission power for configuring what a node, wakes up next node and repeats
State process.
After concentrator node receives acquisition instructions, radio meter register data acquisition is opened.Concentrator node is sent out first
Wake-up signal is sent, monitoring/dormancy period of all acquisition node change nodes in network is waken up.Secondly concentrator node sends packet
The wake up instruction of the address containing acquisition node.Then, acquisition instructions are sent.The reception overtime interrupt function of SX1278 is opened simultaneously,
Concentrator node enters reception pattern.If receiving acquisition data, check data integrity, it is ensured that sent after address is errorless
ACK confirmation packet, data are taken out from FIFO, receive data content by serially printing program print, then concentrator node
It is again introduced into awakening mode.If receiving overtime interrupt, overtime interrupt number is judged whether more than 3 times, if it exceeds 3 times
Acquisition error is then recorded, otherwise will receive after overtime interrupt number adds 1, and send wake up instruction again.After data acquire, collection
Dormancy time is increased 3 times by all acquisition nodes in middle device waking up nodes network.
If acquisition node receives change monitoring/dormancy instruction of concentrator node transmission, pass through RTC_Config
() function changes RTC and interrupts wake-up period.The process of acquisition node transmission acquisition data is as follows: acquisition node configures ginseng first
Number, initialization GPIO, clock, timer and SX1278 etc..Suspend mode is subsequently entered, after acquisition node interrupts wake-up by RTC,
Open CAD Channel Detection mode.If acquisition node detects lead code wake up instruction, Self address and concentrator section are compared
Whether the address that point will acquire destination node is consistent.Enter reception pattern if consistent, waits the acquisition of concentrator node to be received
Instruction.Otherwise enter suspend mode, wait wake up next time.After acquisition node receives acquisition instructions, by parsing acquisition instructions
Content executes data acquisition process.The data being collected are encapsulated as load data to send.It is opened in time-out after sending data packet
Disconnected, if acquisition node receives ACK response before down trigger, node enters suspend mode and waits wake up next time.If not yet
ACK is received, then enters suspend mode.
The chip and algorithm being recommended to use during the above-mentioned realization of the present invention, it is not irreplaceable, select same performance
Chip and algorithm above-mentioned function equally can be achieved.Any improved technology made on this basis belongs to guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system based on LoRa technology, it is characterised in that: including acquisition node, concentrate
Device node and meter reading center;Wherein acquisition node is responsible for the acquisition of kilowatt meter reading-out system data, passes through LoRa between concentrator node
Radio communication connection;Concentrator node, which is responsible for collecting between acquisition node business datum and meter reading center, passes through mobile radio communication
Network or cable network carry out remote data transmission, and the control, management and processing of data are responsible in meter reading center.
2. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: acquisition node includes MCU
Control circuit and respectively sensor acquisition interface connected to it, LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit;Wherein sensor acquisition interface is complete
The acquisition of pairs of sensing data, MCU control circuit complete control function and run communication protocol, combination and packaged data frame,
Packed data frame is sent to LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit, receives and handle the number come from the transmission of LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit
According to LoRa RF transmit-receive circuit is responsible for sending and receiving wireless data packet by the control of MCU control circuit.
3. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the concentrator node fortune
Row RTOS and communication protocol are managed meshed network state, collect acquisition node data, respond remote command, join to network
Number is configured.
4. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the acquisition node sum aggregate
Middle device node is reduced using power control techniques, the centralized poll time division multiple access protocol of dynamic and improved asynchronous wake-up mechanism
Power consumption.
5. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the acquisition node sum aggregate
Middle device node uses the power control techniques based on RSSI, and the RSSI signal of concentrator node is received by acquisition node, from
It is dynamic to change own transmission power and LoRa parameter to reduce node power consumption.
6. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the acquisition node sum aggregate
The mac-layer protocol of middle device node is using the centralized poll time division multiple access protocol of dynamic, to solve transmitting data between nodes Shi Yinjing
It strives channel and leads to the problem of energy consumption.
7. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the acquisition node uses
Improved asynchronous wake-up mechanism reduces monitoring/suspend mode duty ratio by increasing collection period exterior node sleep time to optimize
Power consumption.
8. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the concentrator node is protected
A variety of external communication interfaces are stayed, so that data are aggregated into meter reading center by wired and wireless mode.
9. remote low power consumption wireless meter reading system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the concentrator node is also
Api interface equipped with expansion equipment realizes that future needs to connect other expansion modules to peripheral hardware, ensure that the expansible of system
Property.
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CN111683398A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-18 | 杭州明特科技有限公司 | Low-power-consumption electric energy meter reading method and electric energy meter |
CN112637704A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-09 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Remote communication method, system and storage medium for electric energy meter |
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CN113945246B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-11 | 深圳市聚能优电科技有限公司 | Energy storage temperature and humidity acquisition method, system, equipment and storage medium |
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