CN110367112B - Aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate, preparation method and soilless culture device - Google Patents
Aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate, preparation method and soilless culture device Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate, which relates to the field of soilless culture substrates and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-30 parts of aerogel powder, 70-99 parts of water, 0.05-0.1 part of surface hydrophilic agent and 2-10 parts of tackifier. According to the invention, the water content of the controlled matrix can be effectively improved by adding the aerogel powder into the matrix, and simultaneously the interface compatibility between the aerogel powder and other components can be improved under the action of the surface moistening agent in the synergistic component, so that the stability of the overall structure of the matrix is improved. The invention also discloses a soilless culture device, which is prepared by utilizing the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture medium and has the advantages of simple structure, no pollution and convenience for planting and culturing plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of culture substrates, and particularly relates to a soilless culture substrate, a preparation method and a soilless culture device.
Background
The soilless culture refers to a technology for carrying out crop culture and seedling culture by using artificially configured substrates and the like without using natural soil, and the current soilless culture technology is applied to nursery stocks, flowers, fruits and vegetables and is an advanced culture technology which saves water, fertilizer and labor. The characteristics and advantages of the soilless culture technology are familiar and recognized by the researchers and producers.
At present, the soilless culture substrate is divided into an inorganic substrate, an organic substrate, a mixed substrate and the like. Such as ceramsite, peat, foam plastic, perlite, sawdust, etc. are used as the substrate for soilless culture. However, the current inorganic substrates such as ceramsite, peat, perlite and the like are all derived products of different minerals.
Chinese patent CN109122202A discloses a soilless culture substrate, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of farmyard manure, 25 parts of rice straw, 3 parts of furnace slag, 12 parts of carbonized rice hull, 6 parts of compound fertilizer, 9 parts of ferment, 12 parts of perlite, 25 parts of sawmilling powder, 0.6 part of water-retaining agent, 3 parts of silica fume, 0.4 part of citric acid, 0.2 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.2 part of trace element and 80 parts of water.
However, the conventional soilless culture substrate has the defects of uncontrollable components, high density, serious water loss in the culture process due to a sparse structure, and small quantity of pilot-scale crops due to uncontrollable moisture content of the substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the following technical problems in the prior art: the existing soilless culture substrate has high density and serious water loss, and the water content of the substrate cannot be controlled.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-30 parts of aerogel powder, 70-99 parts of water, 0.05-0.1 part of surface hydrophilic agent and 2-10 parts of tackifier.
The aerogel has the hydrophobicity, can the effective control moisture content of matrix, and the good heat-proof quality of aerogel can reduce the heat conductivity of matrix simultaneously to reduce matrix moisture loss rate, add the hydrophilic wetting agent in surface simultaneously, utilize the hydrophilic wetting agent in surface to can be with the hydrophilic wetting of aerogel powder aerogel surface and water, the binder can be in the same place the bonding of aerogel powder, guarantees that the matrix can not be loose because of the dehydration or surface destruction, improves matrix structural stability.
Preferably, the aerogel powder has a particle size of 0.1 to 100 microns, a density of 0.03 to 0.3g/L, and a contact angle with water of >140 °.
Preferably, the aerogel powder is a hydrophobic silica aerogel powder.
The aerogel is made of silicon dioxide, has no biotoxicity and radioactivity, is safe and reliable, has no pollution, and is a real green and safe planting technology.
Preferably, the surface hydrophilic agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl pyridine bromide, hexadecyl pyridine chloride, secondary sodium alkyl sulfonate, sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monooleate and sucrose monopalmitate.
The surface hydrophilic agent can be hydrophilic on the surface of the aerogel, so that the surface hydrophilic agent can be dispersed in water, and meanwhile, the surface hydrophilic agent cannot enter an aerogel pore channel, so that the inside of the aerogel is prevented from being hydrophilic, the light porosity of the aerogel is ensured, and therefore, the density of the matrix can be increased after water enters the pore channel inside the aerogel, and the matrix cannot be suspended automatically.
Preferably, the tackifier is one or more of kaolin, hectorite, attapulgite, cellulose, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan and gelatin.
The selected tackifier is environment-friendly and non-toxic, prevents the roots of the vegetation from absorbing harmful substances and influences the safety and health of the vegetation, and is stable and not easy to decompose, thereby being beneficial to the stability of the whole matrix structure.
The surface hydrophilic agent bonds the aerogel (hydrophobicity) and the water-soluble binder (hydrophilicity) through hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, so that the binder is prevented from diffusing in the lower-layer water, and the binder is ensured to act on the aerogel all the time.
Preferably, the water is one or more of tap water, well water and lake water.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing water and surface moistening agent uniformly by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(2) adding aerogel powder into the solution prepared in the step (1) and uniformly dispersing by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(3) and (3) adding a tackifier into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (2), and uniformly mixing by using a stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
Preferably, the density of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate prepared in the step (3) is 0.3-0.8 g/ml, and the surface water contact angle is more than 120 degrees.
The density and the hydrophobicity are the most important parameters of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate, and after the density of the aerogel is higher than 0.8g/ml, the density of the prepared substrate is higher than the density of water and the substrate cannot be self-suspended; when the content is less than 0.03g/ml, the aerogel becomes difficult to disperse and cannot be dispersed. When the hydrophobicity is less than 120 degrees, the hydrophobicity of the prepared matrix is insufficient, water enters the holes of the aerogel, the density of the matrix is increased, and self-suspension cannot be realized.
Preferably, the dispersing and stirring speed of the high-speed disperser in the step (1) is 900-1500 rpm, and the dispersing time is 30-120 minutes.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the stirrer in the step (2) is 400-6000rpm, and the dispersion time is 30-120 minutes.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the stirrer in the step (3) is between 120 and 500rpm, and the stirring time is between 30 and 120 minutes.
The soilless culture device prepared by utilizing the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises a soilless culture planting box and an irrigation device, wherein the irrigation device is connected to the soilless culture planting box, the top end of the soilless culture box is provided with an open cavity, a vegetable layer, the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate layer and a nutrient solution layer are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the soilless culture planting box from top to bottom, and the irrigation device is communicated to the nutrient solution layer.
Irrigation equipment includes nutrient solution storage tank, delivery pump and infusion pipeline, and the delivery pump import communicates to the nutrient solution storage tank, and the infusion pipeline is installed to the delivery pump export, and the infusion pipeline runs through soilless culture planting case lateral wall and communicates to in the nutritive layer.
Specifically, during the use, at first add nutrient solution to soilless culture planting case and form the nutrient solution layer after, then put into the nutrient solution layer top with the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture matrix of this invention preparation, form the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture matrix layer, plant the plant that needs the cultivation in the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture matrix layer at last, form the vegetation layer, nutrient composition in the nutrient solution layer can be along with the aerogel from the concentration difference of suspension soilless culture matrix layer with nutrient composition in the nutrient solution layer to the diffusion of aerogel self-suspension soilless culture matrix layer, thereby for the plant supplement nutrition of preparation vegetation layer, when liquid level consumption in the nutrient solution layer descends too much, the delivery pump starts, supplement the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank to the nutrient solution layer through the infusion pipeline.
The soilless culture plants the incasement and is provided with the liquid level inductor, and the liquid level inductor is located the nutritive layer, can monitor the nutrient solution height in the nutritive layer through the liquid level inductor, in time supplements the nutrient solution of soilless culture plants the incasement. The transfusion pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic control valve and a flowmeter, and the flowmeter can monitor the flow rate of liquid in the transfusion pipeline. The soilless culture device has the advantages of simple structure, no pollution and convenience for planting and culturing plants.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the water content of the controlled matrix can be effectively improved by adding the aerogel powder into the matrix, and simultaneously the interface compatibility between the aerogel powder and other components can be improved under the action of the surface moistening agent in the synergistic component, so that the stability of the overall structure of the matrix is improved, the binder can bind the aerogel powder together, the matrix is prevented from being loosened due to water loss or surface damage, and the structural stability of the matrix is improved.
(2) The aerogel powder has excellent heat insulation performance, and can greatly reduce the heat conductivity of the matrix, thereby reducing the water loss rate of the matrix and greatly improving the full utilization of the water in the matrix.
(3) The density of the aerogel matrix soilless culture matrix is less than that of water, the matrix can be suspended above the nutrient solution, and a suspension device does not need to be additionally added, so that the seamless butt joint of the matrix and the nutrient solution can be realized.
(4) The preparation method of the matrix is simple to operate and easy to operate, does not generate any waste or pollutant in the production process, and is green and environment-friendly.
(5) The soilless culture device prepared by utilizing the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture medium has a simple structure, is pollution-free, and facilitates the planting and culture of plants.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soilless culture device of the present invention;
labeled as: 1-soilless culture planting box; 11-vegetable layer; 12-aerogel self-suspending soilless culture substrate layer; 13-a nutrient solution layer; 2-irrigation means; 21-nutrient solution storage tank; 22-a transport pump; 23-a transfusion tube; 3-a liquid level sensor; 4-a flow meter; 5-electromagnetic control valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
An aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-30 parts of aerogel powder, 70-99 parts of water, 0.05-0.1 part of surface hydrophilic agent and 2-10 parts of tackifier.
The aerogel has the hydrophobicity, can the effective control moisture content of matrix, and the good heat-proof quality of aerogel simultaneously can reduce the heat conductivity of matrix to reduce matrix moisture loss rate, add the surface hydrophilic agent simultaneously, utilize the surface hydrophilic agent can combine the aerogel powder tackifier, improve matrix structural stability.
Further, the particle diameter of the aerogel powder is 0.1-100 microns, the density is 0.03-0.3g/L, and the contact angle of the aerogel powder and water is more than 140 degrees.
In some embodiments, the aerogel powder is a hydrophobic silica aerogel powder.
The aerogel is made of silicon dioxide, has no biotoxicity and radioactivity, is safe and reliable, has no pollution, and is a real green and safe planting technology.
The surface moistening agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl pyridine bromide, hexadecyl pyridine chloride, secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate, sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monooleate and sucrose monopalmitate.
The tackifier is one or more of kaolin, hectorite, attapulgite, cellulose, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan, and gelatin.
The water is one or more of tap water, well water and lake water.
The preparation method of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing aerogel powder, water and a surface hydrophilic agent to uniform dispersion liquid by using a high-speed dispersion machine according to a certain proportion;
(2) and (3) adding a tackifier into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), and uniformly mixing by using a stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
Preferably, the density of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate prepared in the step (2) is 0.3-0.8 g/ml, and the surface water contact angle is more than 120 degrees.
In the step (1), the dispersing and stirring speed of the high-speed dispersing machine is 900-1500 rp, and the dispersing time is 30-120 minutes.
In the step (2), the stirring speed of the stirrer is 120-500rpm, and the stirring time is 30-120 minutes
The soilless culture device prepared by utilizing the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises a soilless culture planting box 1 and an irrigation device 2, wherein the irrigation device 2 is connected to the soilless culture planting box 1, the soilless culture planting box 1 is provided with an open cavity at the top end, a vegetation layer 11, an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate layer 12 and a nutrient solution layer 13 are sequentially arranged in an inner cavity of the soilless culture planting box 1 from top to bottom, and the irrigation device 2 is communicated to the nutrient solution layer 13.
The irrigation device 2 comprises a nutrient solution storage tank 21, a transport pump 22 and a liquid conveying pipeline 23, wherein the inlet of the transport pump 22 is communicated to the nutrient solution storage tank 21, the outlet of the transport pump 22 is provided with the liquid conveying pipeline 23, and the liquid conveying pipeline 23 penetrates through the side wall of the soilless culture planting box 1 and is communicated into the nutrient layer 13.
Specifically, during the use, at first add the nutrient solution behind soilless culture planting case 1 formation nutrient solution layer 13, then put into nutrient solution layer 13 top from suspension soilless culture matrix with the aerogel of this embodiment preparation, form aerogel from suspension soilless culture matrix layer 12, plant the plant that needs to cultivate in aerogel from suspension soilless culture matrix layer 12 at last, form vegetation layer 11, nutrient composition in nutrient solution layer 13 can be along with the aerogel from suspension soilless culture matrix layer and nutrient solution layer 13 in nutrient composition's concentration difference to aerogel from suspension soilless culture matrix layer 12 diffusion, thereby for preparing the plant nutrition supplement of vegetation layer 11, liquid level consumption in nutrient solution layer 13 descends too much, transport pump 13 starts, supplement in nutrient solution layer 13 through infusion pipeline 23 with the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank 21.
Be provided with liquid level inductor 3 in soilless culture plants case 1, liquid level inductor 3 is located nutritive layer 13, can monitor the nutrient solution height in nutritive layer 13 through liquid level inductor 3, in time supplements the nutrient solution in soilless culture plants case 1. The transfusion pipeline 23 is provided with an electromagnetic control valve 5 and a flowmeter 4, and the flowmeter 4 can monitor the flow rate of the liquid in the transfusion pipeline 23. The soilless culture device prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, no pollution and convenience for planting and culturing plants.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
A preparation method of an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 20 parts by weight of silicon dioxide aerogel powder, 80 parts by weight of water and 0.1 part by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate for 60 minutes at 1400rpm by using a high-speed disperser, wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is 10-50 mu m, the surface water contact angle is 145 degrees, and the density is 0.05g/ml
(2) And (3) adding 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), and stirring for 30 minutes by using a horizontal stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
Example 2
A preparation method of an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 10 parts by weight of silicon dioxide aerogel powder, 90 parts by weight of water and 0.05 part by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate for 60 minutes at 1400rpm by using a high-speed disperser, wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is 10-50 mu m, the surface water contact angle is 145 degrees, and the density is 0.05g/ml
(2) And (3) adding 3 parts by weight of sodium alginate into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), and stirring for 30 minutes by using a horizontal stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
Example 3
A preparation method of an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 15 parts by weight of silicon dioxide aerogel powder, 85 parts by weight of water and 0.05 part by weight of hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride for 60 minutes at 1400rpm by using a high-speed disperser, wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is 10-50 mu m, the surface water contact angle is 145 degrees, and the density is 0.05g/ml
(2) And (3) adding 10 parts by weight of hectorite into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), and stirring for 30 minutes by using a horizontal stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
Example 4
A preparation method of an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 1 part by weight of silicon dioxide aerogel powder, 99 parts by weight of water and 0.05 part by weight of hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride for 60 minutes at 1400rpm by using a high-speed disperser, wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is 50-100 mu m, the surface water contact angle is 145 degrees, and the density is 0.05g/ml
(2) And (3) adding 10 parts by weight of methylcellulose into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), and stirring for 30 minutes by using a horizontal stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
The density of the matrix prepared in this example was 0.88g/ml and the water content was 90%.
Example 5
A preparation method of an aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 30 parts by weight of silicon dioxide aerogel powder, 70 parts by weight of water and 0.1 part by weight of sucrose monooleate for 120 minutes at 1400rpm by using a high-speed dispersion machine, wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is 50-100 mu m, the surface water contact angle is 145 degrees, the density is 0.05g/ml, adding the aerogel powder in three times, stirring for 60 minutes, stopping stirring for 20 minutes, and continuing stirring after the slurry is completely cooled.
(2) And (3) adding 10 parts by weight of methylcellulose into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), and stirring for 30 minutes by using a horizontal stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate.
The substrate prepared in this example had a density of 0.32g/ml and a water content of 63%.
Comparative example set-up
Comparative example 1
Referring to Chinese patent CN109122202A, the traditional soilless culture substrate used at present comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of farmyard manure, 25 parts of rice straw, 3 parts of furnace slag, 12 parts of carbonized rice hull, 6 parts of compound fertilizer, 9 parts of ferment, 12 parts of perlite, 25 parts of sawmilling powder, 0.6 part of water-retaining agent, 3 parts of silica fume, 0.4 part of citric acid, 0.2 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.2 part of trace element and 80 parts of water.
The aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate prepared in the examples 1-3 and the substrate prepared in the comparative example 1 are subjected to experimental analysis, and the specific experimental results are shown in the following table 1:
the specific test method is as follows:
(1) aerogel matrix water content testing method
Weighing a certain mass of the matrix, wherein the mass is M1, baking the aerogel matrix in an oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to ensure that the matrix is completely dehydrated, and weighing the mass of the aerogel matrix to be M2, wherein the water content of the aerogel is (M1-M2)/M1.
(2) Calculation of the substrate Density
Slowly introducing the prepared matrix into a 100ml measuring cylinder, tapping the measuring cylinder for 1 minute, compacting the matrix, observing the real volume V of the matrix, weighing the measuring cylinder and the matrix to obtain M1, and weighing the empty measuring cylinder to obtain M2, wherein the matrix density of the aerogel is (M1-M2)/V.
(3) Method for calculating water loss rate
Weighing 1000g of different substrates, placing the substrates in a vessel with the diameter of 30cm, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 50%, the ambient air has no convection, the surface of the vessel has no coverage, weighing the substrate with the mass of Mg after placing for 24 hours, and then the water loss rate is (1000-M) g/kg
TABLE 1
The data from table 1 above were analyzed:
comparing the test data of example 1 and example 2 with the test data of comparative example 1, it can be seen that the water content of the matrix prepared in example 1 and example 2 is beneficial to that of comparative example 1, and the water loss rate of example 1 and example 2 is lower than that of comparative example 1, which shows that the water retention of the aerogel self-suspension matrix prepared by the method of the invention is better than that of comparative example 1.
Comparing the test data of example 3 with the test data of examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the water content of example 3 is significantly lower than that of examples 1 and 2, and the water content is greatly reduced, and the water content of example 3 is lower, so the suspension matrix is more suitable for some plants growing in dry soil, such as corn, sweet potato, etc., and the water content of examples 1 and 2 is greatly increased than that of example 3, and is suitable for vegetation with higher soil water content requirement, such as rice, bamboo, etc.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate is characterized in that the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-30 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel powder, 70-99 parts of water, 0.05-0.1 part of surface hydrophilic agent and 2-10 parts of tackifier;
the particle diameter of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is 0.1-100 microns, the density is 0.03-0.3g/L, and the contact angle of the aerogel powder and water is more than 140 degrees;
the preparation method of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing water and surface moistening agent uniformly by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(2) adding aerogel powder into the solution prepared in the step (1) and uniformly dispersing by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(3) adding a tackifier into the dispersion liquid prepared in the step (2), and uniformly mixing by using a stirrer to obtain the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate;
the density of the prepared aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate is 0.3-0.8 g/ml, the surface water contact angle is greater than 120 degrees, the water content of the substrate is effectively controlled, and the water loss rate of the substrate is reduced.
2. The method for preparing an aerogel self-suspending soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 wherein said surface wetting agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, ammonium cetyl dimethylbenzyl chloride, pyridinium alkyl bromide, pyridinium cetyl chloride, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monooleate, sucrose monopalmitate.
3. The preparation method of the aerogel self-suspension soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the tackifier is one or more of kaolin, hectorite, attapulgite, cellulose, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan and gelatin.
4. A soilless culture device of soilless culture substrate prepared by the method for preparing aerogel self-suspending soilless culture substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, which comprises a soilless culture planting box and an irrigation device, wherein the irrigation device is connected to the soilless culture planting box, the soilless culture planting box is a cavity with an opening at the top end, a vegetable layer, an aerogel self-suspending soilless culture substrate layer and a nutrient solution layer are sequentially arranged in the cavity of the soilless culture planting box from top to bottom, and the irrigation device is communicated to the nutrient solution layer.
5. A soilless culture device according to claim 4 wherein the irrigation device includes a nutrient solution storage tank, a transport pump and an infusion conduit, the transport pump inlet communicating to the nutrient solution storage tank, the transport pump outlet being fitted with an infusion conduit, the infusion conduit communicating through the side wall of the soilless culture planting box into the nutrient bed.
6. A soilless culture device according to claim 5 wherein a liquid level sensor is provided within the soilless culture planting box, the liquid level sensor being located within the nutrient bed.
7. A soilless culture device according to claim 5 wherein the infusion tube is provided with an electromagnetic control valve and a flow meter.
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