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CN110332086A - 一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺 - Google Patents

一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺 Download PDF

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CN110332086A
CN110332086A CN201910431500.3A CN201910431500A CN110332086A CN 110332086 A CN110332086 A CN 110332086A CN 201910431500 A CN201910431500 A CN 201910431500A CN 110332086 A CN110332086 A CN 110332086A
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heat
thermal
steam
power generation
water
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沈慧姝
华真
胡治新
华维国
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Dalian Sdeseng Research Center
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Dalian Sdeseng Research Center
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/10Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F01K17/025Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic in combination with at least one gas turbine, e.g. a combustion gas turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺,属于能源与动力技术领域。聚热塔上的载热储热介质吸收太阳能热量输送到热介质储存罐内,热介质经过蒸汽发生器释放热量产生高温高压的发电蒸汽后输送至冷介质储存罐中,冷介质再循环至聚热塔完成一次热力循环。发电蒸汽输送至汽轮发电机做功发电,此时发电蒸汽转换为低温余热蒸汽,全部低温余热蒸汽进入海水/苦咸水淡化系统中,作为低温多效蒸发系统的热源再次被充分利用淡化海水或苦咸水,淡化系统产出的蒸馏水一部分输送至发电机中,另一部分作为城镇居民及其他工业用水。本发明提供的光热水电联产工艺将光热发电与海水淡化工艺科学有机结合,充分利用汽轮发电机的余热资源,提高光热发电的整体太阳能转换效率。

Description

一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺
技术领域
本发明属于能源与动力技术领域,涉及一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺。
背景技术
光热发电由于其特有的技术优势而发展迅猛,在未来光热发电将会取代传统的煤碳发电而成为电网主力。
光热发电在继承传统火力发电技术的基础上,以太阳能集热器替代了传统锅炉,这就使得在光热发电中与传统火力发电一样需要消耗大量的水资源。而在光热资源丰富的荒漠区域水资源短缺,存在的地下水则是苦咸水,不能直接利用。需要新的工艺为光热发电提供工艺用水。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺,发电的同时进行造水,是一种更加绿色节能高效的新的联合工艺。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺,该工艺基于太阳能光热水电联产系统实现,光热水电联产系统包括聚光器、聚热塔、热介质储存罐、蒸汽发生器、冷介质储存罐、海水/苦咸水淡化系统、汽轮发电机、升压变压器、淡化水储存罐;聚热塔与热介质储存罐、冷介质储存罐连接,热介质储存罐与蒸汽发生器连接,蒸汽发生器分别与冷介质储存罐、汽轮发电机连接,汽轮发电机分别与升压变压器、海水/苦咸水淡化系统连接,海水/苦咸水淡化系统与淡化水储存罐连接,淡化水储存罐通过管路与汽轮发电机、其他用水系统连接;
太阳能光源通过聚光器反射到聚热塔上,聚热塔内的载热储热介质吸收高温热量转换为热介质循环输送到热介质储存罐内储存。热介质储存罐内的热介质经过蒸汽发生器释放热量产生高温高压的发电蒸汽,释放热量后的热介质降温转换为冷介质输送至冷介质储存罐中,冷介质再循环至聚热塔再次吸收太阳能热量变成热介质,由此完成一次热力循环。产生的发电蒸汽分离出来输送至汽轮发电机,并在汽轮发电机内做功发电,此时发电后的高温高压的发电蒸汽转换为低温余热蒸汽。
汽轮发电机发出的电经过升压变压器由高压输电线路输送至用户;而发电后的全部低温余热蒸汽进入海水/苦咸水淡化系统中,作为低温多效蒸发系统的热源再次被充分利用淡化海水或苦咸水,淡化系统产出的蒸馏水进入淡化水储存罐中,一部分作为光热发电厂的生产用水输送至发电系统汽轮发电机中,大部分作为城镇居民及其他工业用水。
所述的聚热塔向热介质储存罐传输的载热储热介质温度为550~600℃。所述的冷介质储存罐向聚热塔传输的冷介质温度为250~300℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供的光热水电联产工艺将光热发电与海水淡化工艺科学有机结合,本发明充分利用汽轮发电机的余热资源,提高光热发电的整体太阳能转换效率。
附图说明
图1为光热水电联产工艺流程图;
图中:1太阳能光源;2聚光器;3聚热塔;4载热储热介质;5热介质储存罐;6蒸汽发生器;7冷介质储存罐;8海水/苦咸水淡化系统;9汽轮发电机;10升压变压器;11淡化水储存罐;12高压输电线路。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺,包括聚光器2、聚热塔3、载热储热介质4、热介质储存罐5、蒸汽发生器6、冷介质储存罐7、海水/苦咸水淡化系统8、汽轮发电机9、升压变压器10、淡化水储存罐11、高压输电线路12。
太阳能光源1通过聚光器2的高效反射,将太阳光照射在聚热塔3上,高温热量通过载热储热介质4将太阳能吸收带走,并循环输送到热介质储存罐5内储存,热介质储存罐5可以大量储存热能,晚上在没有太阳能的情况下释放热量实现连续发电,使得光热发电的平稳性与传统煤电没有区别。所述的热介质储存罐5内的热介质经过蒸汽发生器6产生高温高压的发电蒸汽,经过蒸汽发生器6后释放热量的热介质降温输送至冷介质储存罐7中,冷介质再循环至聚热塔3再次吸收太阳能变成热介质,由此完成一次热力循环;产生的发电蒸汽分离出来输送至汽轮发电机9,并在汽轮发电机9内做功发电,此时高温高压的发电蒸汽转换为低温余热蒸汽。所述的汽轮发电机9分别与升压变压器10、海水/苦咸水淡化系统8连接,汽轮发电机9发出的电经过升压变压器10由高压输电线路12输送至用户,而发电后的全部低温余热蒸汽进入海水/苦咸水淡化系统8中,作为低温多效蒸发系统的热源再次被充分利用淡化海水或苦咸水,淡化系统产出的蒸馏水进入淡化水储存罐11中,一部分作为光热发电厂的生产用水输送至发电系统汽轮发电机9中,大部分作为城镇居民及其他工业用水。
上述工艺中,海水/苦咸水淡化系统8与汽轮发电机9连通,二者有机结合后构成凝汽器式海水/苦咸水淡化装置,也可以称为“造水汽轮机系统”。本发明提供的凝汽器式海水/苦咸水淡化系统8能够充分利用汽轮发电机9末端的余热资源进行低温多效蒸发淡化海水或苦咸水,由于充风利用了汽轮发电机9末端的不再被利用的余热资源,从而使得热法海水淡化过程的热能消耗费用大幅度降低,机组的能源利用率与常规的运行方式相比也有明显提高。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种太阳能光热水电联产工艺,其特征在于,该工艺基于太阳能光热水电联产系统实现,光热水电联产系统包括聚光器、聚热塔、热介质储存罐、蒸汽发生器、冷介质储存罐、海水/苦咸水淡化系统、汽轮发电机、升压变压器、淡化水储存罐;聚热塔与热介质储存罐、冷介质储存罐连接,热介质储存罐与蒸汽发生器连接,蒸汽发生器分别与冷介质储存罐、汽轮发电机连接,汽轮发电机分别与升压变压器、海水/苦咸水淡化系统连接,海水/苦咸水淡化系统与淡化水储存罐连接,淡化水储存罐通过管路与汽轮发电机、其他用水系统连接;太阳能光热水电联产工艺为:
太阳能光源通过聚光器反射到聚热塔上,聚热塔内的载热储热介质吸收高温热量转换为热介质循环输送到热介质储存罐内储存,热介质储存罐内储存热能,在没有太阳能的情况下释放热量实现连续发电,保证光热发电的平稳性;热介质储存罐内的热介质经过蒸汽发生器释放热量产生高温高压的发电蒸汽,释放热量后的热介质降温转换为冷介质输送至冷介质储存罐中,冷介质再循环至聚热塔再次吸收太阳能热量变成热介质,由此完成一次热力循环;产生的发电蒸汽分离出来输送至汽轮发电机,并在汽轮发电机内做功发电,此时发电后的高温高压的发电蒸汽转换为低温余热蒸汽;汽轮发电机发出的电经过升压变压器由高压输电线路输送至用户;而发电后的全部低温余热蒸汽进入海水/苦咸水淡化系统中,作为低温多效蒸发系统的热源再次被充分利用淡化海水或苦咸水,淡化系统产出的蒸馏水进入淡化水储存罐中,一部分作为光热发电厂的生产用水输送至发电系统汽轮发电机中,另一部分作为城镇居民及其他工业用水。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111620402A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2020-09-04 中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院有限公司 高盐废水利用光热蒸发结晶的系统及方法
CN114684882A (zh) * 2022-03-31 2022-07-01 西安交通大学 一种太阳能热发电耦合工业盐水处理系统

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