CN110309572B - Method for determining minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of 9% Cr steel pipeline - Google Patents
Method for determining minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of 9% Cr steel pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature and high-pressure pipeline welding of 9% Cr steel, in particular to a method for determining the minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipeline, which comprises the following steps: 1, calculating the minimum heating width required by the M groups of steel pipelines with different specifications and 9% Cr after-welding heat treatment inner and outer walls at a certain temperature difference by adopting finite element software; 2, drawing a post-weld heat treatment heating width rapid calculation cloud picture of the 9% Cr steel pipeline by adopting drawing software based on M groups of post-weld heat treatment heating width data of the 9% Cr steel pipeline with different specifications; 3, establishing a calculation method of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe with any specification according to the drawn rapid calculation cloud picture of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe, and calculating the minimum heating width of the postweld heat treatment of the pipe with any specification by using the method. The method can quickly determine the minimum heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the steel pipeline with 9% of Cr, and is convenient for field heat treatment technicians to apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature and high-pressure pipeline welding of 9% Cr steel, in particular to a method for determining the minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipeline.
Background
The 9% Cr martensite heat-resistant steel represented by P91 and P92 has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance and high-temperature creep resistance, and is an ideal material for building important parts such as main steam pipelines, headers and the like of supercritical (super) critical units. In the pipeline installation of a thermal power generating unit, the welding process can cause the degradation of pipeline structure and the performance reduction, so that the welded joint of the steel pipeline with the content of 9% Cr must be subjected to postweld heat treatment to improve the structure, improve the toughness and release the residual stress. However, due to the limitation of field construction conditions, the steel pipe with 9% Cr can be subjected to local post-welding heat treatment only by arranging a heat source on the outer wall. The requirement of the heat treatment temperature after the welding of the 9% Cr steel pipe is very strict, and the window range is very narrow, generally 740 and 760 ℃. In order to ensure that the temperature of the inner wall and the temperature of the outer wall can meet the requirements during the local postweld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline, the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall needs to be well controlled, and the technical key lies in how to select the proper heating width. If the heating width is insufficient, the temperature of the inner wall is lower than the lower limit of the range; the heating width is too large, which not only wastes energy and increases heat treatment time and cost, but also increases the heat damage range of the parent metal.
At present, although there are some standards which can be used in engineering to guide the selection of the post-welding heat treatment heating width of the boiler pipeline in the power station, such as DL/T819-2010 "technical rules for welding heat treatment in thermal power plant", AWS D10.10/D10.10M:1999 (R2009)' recommendation practice for local post-welding heat treatment of pipeline joint ", and BS EN 13445-4-2009" non-combustion pressure vessel-part 4 of european union: manufacturing, etc., but the minimum heating widths recommended by these standards have great differences, and cannot meet the harsh requirements of controlling the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the post-welding heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline, and cannot effectively guide the selection of the heating widths of the post-welding heat treatment of the novel 9% Cr steel pipeline. The invention provides an optimization method for the heating width of postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr martensitic steel pipeline, which is based on a neural network model to predict the minimum heating width, and the method has high calculation precision, needs more complex modeling calculation and is inconvenient for field heat treatment technicians to apply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipeline, which can quickly determine the minimum heating width of the postweld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline based on the control requirement of temperature difference between an inner wall and an outer wall.
The scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for determining the minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipeline comprises the following steps:
and 3, establishing a calculation method for the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe with any specification according to the postweld heat treatment heating width rapid calculation cloud picture of the 9% Cr steel pipe drawn in the step 2, and calculating the minimum heating width of the postweld heat treatment of the pipe with any specification by using the method.
Preferably, in the step 1, finite element software is adopted to calculate the minimum heating width required by the inner and outer walls of the welded heat treatment of the M groups of steel pipes with different specifications and 9% Cr at a certain temperature difference, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, selecting a pipeline outer diameter range and a pipeline wall thickness range according to the application condition of a 9% Cr steel pipeline, and uniformly selecting M groups of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications in the range;
step 1.2, establishing a temperature field calculation model by using finite element software for M groups of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications selected in the step 1.1, and applying corresponding boundary conditions;
and step 1.3, calculating the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment required when the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the steel pipeline of each specification is 20 ℃ by using the calculation model established in the step 1.2.
Preferably, in the step 2, based on the M groups of post-weld heat treatment heating width data of the 9% Cr steel pipes with different specifications, which are calculated in the step 1, a mapping software is adopted to draw a post-weld heat treatment heating width rapid calculation cloud chart of the 9% Cr steel pipes, and the specific method is as follows:
step 2.1, inputting the minimum heating width data of the M groups of steel pipelines with different specifications and 9% Cr of post-welding heat treatment obtained in the step 1 into mapping software;
2.2, selecting input postweld heat treatment heating width data in drawing software to draw a graph;
and 2.3, adding coordinate axis information in the drawn graph.
Preferably, in the step 3, a calculation method of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe with any specification is established according to the rapid calculation cloud picture of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe drawn in the step 2, and the specific method is as follows:
3.1, calculating a numerical value of the inner radius (0.5D-) of the pipeline based on the outer diameter D and the wall thickness of the pipeline, dividing the post-weld heat treatment heating width quick-calculation cloud map of the 9% Cr steel pipeline drawn in the step 2 into a plurality of areas according to the change of the inner radius (0.5D-), and determining the minimum heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline when the inner radius (0.5D-) -of the pipeline is in different ranges;
and 3.2, determining an interval where the inner radius (0.5D) -of the pipeline is located according to the heating degree quick calculation method in the step 3.1, and finally calculating the value of the minimum heating width of the pipeline of the specification after the post-weld heat treatment.
Preferably, based on the outer diameter D and the wall thickness of the pipeline, calculating the value of the inner radius (0.5D-), dividing the 9% Cr steel pipeline post-weld heat treatment heating width quick-calculation cloud chart drawn in step 2 into 8 regions according to the change of the inner radius (0.5D-), and then providing a quick-calculation method of the minimum heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipeline post-weld heat treatment when the inner radius (0.5D-) of the pipeline is in different ranges, which is specifically as follows:
when the temperature is 0.5D-is less than or equal to 100, the method for quickly calculating the minimum heating width is 8;
when the value is more than 100 and less than 0.5D and less than or equal to 170, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 12;
when 170 is less than 0.5D-is less than or equal to 250, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 16;
when the heating width is more than 250 and less than or equal to 0.5D and less than or equal to 320, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 20;
when 320 is less than 0.5D and less than or equal to 420, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 24;
when 420 is less than 0.5D-is less than or equal to 520, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 32;
when 520 is less than 0.5D-is less than or equal to 620, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 36;
when 620 < 0.5D-, the method for rapid calculation of minimum heating width is 40.
Preferably, the dimensions of the steel pipe with 9% Cr are as follows: the outer diameter of the pipeline is 300-1500 mm, and the wall thickness of the pipeline is 30-150 mm.
The basic principle of the method of the invention is as follows: the theoretical analysis is carried out on the main factors influencing the heat dissipation of the inner wall of the pipeline, the fact that the temperature of the inner wall is mainly influenced by the radiation heat exchange of the inner wall when the thickness of the wall of the pipeline is constant is obtained, namely the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall during the local postweld heat treatment of the pipeline mainly depends on the radiation heat exchange of the inner wall, and the radiation heat dissipation capacity of the inner wall is approximately in direct proportion to the inner diameter of the pipeline.
The heat dissipation of the inner wall of the pipeline mainly comprises two parts: the convection heat exchange with the internal air and the radiation heat exchange with other positions of the inner wall of the pipeline. Considering that the two ends of the pipeline are blocked in site construction, the influence of heat convection with air can be ignored.
The pipe can be similar to a black body (1) during heat treatment, and a certain infinitesimal surface dA at the center of the welding line of the inner wall of the pipe1dA of any infinitesimal surface of other positions of the inner wall of the tube wall2The radiant heat exchange quantity is as follows:
dΦ＝dA1X12(E1-E2)＝dA1X12σb(T1 4-T2 4) (1)
in the formula, E1And E2Are respectively dA1And dA2Energy of thermal radiation, X12Is a corner systemNumber, T1And T2Respectively the temperature of two infinitesimal surfaces, in K, sigmabIs a constant of the radiation of the black body,
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively a microelement plane dA1And dA2The normal of (a) and the line between them. Establishing a cylindrical coordinate system r-theta-z as shown in figure 1, and integrating d phi in the inner wall S of the pipeline to obtain dA1The total radiation heat exchange with other positions of the inner wall of the pipeline is
Here with the pipe axis and dA1For example, where the width of the intersection of the centrally defined plane with the inner wall of the conduit is dS infinitesimal plane dA (i.e., the inner wall infinitesimal plane of the conduit at the position θ ═ pi/2), then dA is discussed as an example2＝dSdz＝Did θ dz. From the geometric relationship
In the formula, DiIs the inner diameter of the pipe.
Let the length of the pipeline be 2l0Then dA1The amount of radiant heat exchange with the infinitesimal surface dA is.
Taking into account T1Independent of z, neglecting T2The change in the z-direction, equation (5) can be simplified to
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
then dA1The total radiant heat exchange with other positions of the inner wall of the pipeline can be similar to
Consider l0＞＞DiThen, then
Then there is a change in the number of,
according to the formula (9), the radiation heat dissipation capacity of the inner wall of the pipeline is approximately in direct proportion to the inner diameter of the pipeline, namely, under the condition of certain wall thickness, the larger the inner diameter of the pipeline is, the more the radiation heat dissipation capacity of the inner wall is, and the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall is increased. In order to ensure that the temperature of the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipeline meet the requirements, the heating width needs to be correspondingly increased. According to the formula, when calculating the heating width of the local postweld heat treatment of pipelines with different specifications, the inner diameter D of the pipeline can be usediThe boundary is implemented as a variable. Thus, a heating width rapid calculation cloud picture is obtained according to the heat transfer theory and finite element calculation, and then the welding of the steel pipeline with 9% Cr of any specification can be rapidly calculated on the basis of a heating width rapid calculation formula taking the inner radius of the pipeline as a parameterMinimum heating width of post heat treatment.
Based on the principle, the requirement that the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the post-weld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipe is generally less than 20 ℃ is considered, and then according to a post-weld heat treatment temperature field calculation model of the 9% Cr steel pipe established by a patent inventor, the minimum heating widths corresponding to M groups of different specifications (pipe outer diameter and wall thickness) are calculated by adopting finite element software. And drawing a heating width rapid calculation cloud picture according to the heating width calculation result, and finally establishing a heating width calculation module of the pipeline with any specification based on the heating width cloud picture. The heat treatment technician can utilize the heating width calculation module to quickly obtain the minimum heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipe as long as inputting the pipe specifications (the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the pipe).
The method provided by the invention provides a quick calculation method for determining the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline based on the control requirement of the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall, the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline can be quickly determined by using the method, complex modeling calculation is not needed, and the method is convenient for field heat treatment technicians to apply. The method has very important significance for guaranteeing the heat treatment quality and improving the heat treatment efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of radiant heat exchange of the inner wall of a steel pipeline with 9% Cr;
FIG. 2 is a cloud picture of the heating width calculated rapidly when the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the steel pipe with 9% Cr is controlled within 20 ℃ after the post-welding heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention for better understanding, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
A quick calculation method for determining the minimum heating width of local postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipeline comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, uniformly selecting 144 groups of steel pipes with the specification of 9% Cr according to the application condition of the 9% Cr steel in an ultra (supercritical) critical thermal power generating unit in China, wherein the inner diameter range of the pipe is 300-1500 mm, and the wall thickness range of the pipe is 30-150 mm;
step 1.2, for each 144 groups of steel pipelines with the specification of 9% Cr selected in the step 1.1, establishing a temperature field calculation model by using finite element software, and applying corresponding boundary conditions;
and step 1.3, calculating the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment required when the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of each specification pipeline is 20 ℃ by using the calculation model established in the step 1.2.
2.1, inputting 144 groups of post-welding heat treatment heating width data of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications, which are obtained by calculation in the step 1, into mapping software;
2.2, selecting input postweld heat treatment heating width data in drawing software to draw a graph;
and 2.3, adding coordinate axis information (the X axis is the outer diameter of the pipeline, and the Y axis is the wall thickness of the pipeline) in the drawn graph.
Step 3, a calculation module of the heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the steel pipe with any specification of 9% Cr is used for establishing a calculation method of the heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the steel pipe with any specification of 9% Cr according to the rapid calculation cloud picture of the heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the steel pipe with 9% Cr drawn in the step 2, and the specific method for calculating the minimum heating width of the post-weld heat treatment by using the method is as follows:
step 3.1, in order to facilitate the field construction application, the 9% Cr steel pipeline post-welding heat treatment heating width rapid calculation cloud picture drawn in the step 2 is further processed according to the pipeline inner radius Di2 (namely 0.5D-), and uniformly dividing the quick calculation cloud picture into 8 areas, namely areas (r) -b. Finally, based on FIG. 2, for the inner radius D of the pipeiAnd 2 (namely 0.5D-) in different ranges, a method for quickly calculating the minimum heating width of the post-weld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline is provided, and is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 method for rapid calculation of heating width
And 3.2, calculating a value of 0.5D-based on the outer diameter (D) and the wall thickness () of the pipeline, determining an interval of the inner radius (0.5D) -of the pipeline according to the heating width quick calculation method in the table 1, and finally calculating the value of the minimum heating width of the pipeline of the specification after the post-welding heat treatment.
In the invention, the specification of the pipeline (the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the pipeline) and the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall are selected as variable parameters, and the application range is as follows:
the pipeline material: 9% Cr steel
Pipe external diameter: 300-1500 mm
Pipe wall thickness: 30-150 mm
Example (b):
according to the quick calculation method for determining the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline based on the internal and external wall temperature difference control requirement, which is obtained by the invention, the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipeline with 3 typical specifications is calculated, and is compared with the internal and external wall temperature difference result measured by the postweld heat treatment experiment, so that the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated.
The 9% Cr steel pipes in the table 1 are analyzed and recorded, the heat treatment heating width obtained by the method is used for carrying out the post-welding heat treatment test, the test result of the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall measured by the sample is listed in the table 2, and the effectiveness of the method is verified.
TABLE 2 local heat treatment test results for pipelines
| Pipe specification/mm | Material of | The method can obtain heating width/mm | The test measures the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall and the temperature of the inner wall and the outer wall |
| Φ575×35 | P92 | 700 | 15 |
| Φ508×110 | P91 | 1320 | 19 |
| Φ983×33 | P91 | 1056 | 18 |
The test result shows that the heating width calculated by using the rapid calculation method for the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipeline can meet the requirement that the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall is less than or equal to 20 ℃ when a local postweld heat treatment test is carried out, a certain margin is provided, the result is reasonable, and the problems that the existing heating width calculation method is complicated in process and inconvenient for field construction are solved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (3)
1. A method for determining the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, calculating the minimum heating width required by the inner and outer walls of the post-welding heat treatment of M groups of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications at the temperature difference of 20 ℃ by adopting finite element software;
step 2, drawing a 9% Cr steel pipeline postweld heat treatment heating width cloud chart by adopting drawing software based on M groups of 9% Cr steel pipeline postweld heat treatment heating width data with different specifications, which are obtained by calculation in the step 1;
step 3, establishing a calculation method of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe with any specification according to the postweld heat treatment heating width cloud picture of the 9% Cr steel pipe drawn in the step 2, and calculating the minimum heating width of the postweld heat treatment of the pipe with any specification by using the method;
in the step 2, based on the M groups of post-weld heat treatment heating width data of the 9% Cr steel pipes with different specifications, which are calculated in the step 1, drawing a post-weld heat treatment heating width cloud chart of the 9% Cr steel pipes by using mapping software, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, inputting the minimum heating width data of the M groups of steel pipelines with different specifications and 9% Cr of post-welding heat treatment obtained in the step 1 into mapping software;
2.2, selecting input postweld heat treatment heating width data in drawing software to draw a graph;
step 2.3, adding coordinate axis information in the drawn graph, wherein the X axis is the outer diameter of the pipeline, and the Y axis is the wall thickness of the pipeline;
in the step 3, a calculation method of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipe with any specification is established according to the postweld heat treatment heating width cloud picture of the 9% Cr steel pipe drawn in the step 2, and the specific method is as follows:
step 3.1, based on the outer diameter of the pipelineDAnd pipe wall thicknessCalculating the inner radius (0.5) of the pipelineD﹣) According to the inner radius of the pipe (0.5)D﹣) Dividing the cloud picture of the postweld heat treatment heating width of the 9% Cr steel pipeline drawn in the step 2 into a plurality of areas according to the inner radius (0.5) of the pipelineD﹣) In different ranges, determining a quick calculation method for the minimum heating width of the post-welding heat treatment of the steel pipeline with 9% of Cr;
step 3.2, determining the inner radius (0.5) of the pipeline according to the heating degree rapid calculation method in the step 3.1D﹣) In the interval, finally calculating the numerical value of the minimum heating width of the postweld heat treatment of the pipeline with the specification;
based on the outside diameter of the pipeDAnd pipe wall thicknessCalculating the inner radius (0.5) of the pipelineD﹣) According to the inner radius of the pipe (0.5)D﹣) Dividing the post-weld heat treatment heating width cloud picture of the 9% Cr steel pipeline drawn in the step 2 into 8 areas, and aiming at the inner radius (0.5) of the pipelineD﹣) In different ranges, a rapid calculation method for minimum heating width of post-welding heat treatment of the steel pipeline with 9% of Cr is provided, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 100, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 8;
when 100 is less than 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 170, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 12;
when 170 is less than 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 250, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 16;
when 250 is less than 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 320, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 20;
when 320 is less than 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 420, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 24;
when 420 is less than 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 520, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 32;
when 520 is less than 0.5D﹣When the heating width is less than or equal to 620, the quick calculation method of the minimum heating width is 36;
when 620 is less than 0.5D﹣The method for rapidly calculating the minimum heating width is 40.
2. The method for determining the minimum heating width of the local post-weld heat treatment of the 9% Cr steel pipe according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, finite element software is adopted to calculate the minimum heating width required by the inner and outer walls of the post-welding heat treatment of M groups of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications when the temperature difference is 20 ℃, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, selecting a pipeline outer diameter range and a pipeline wall thickness range according to the application condition of a 9% Cr steel pipeline, and uniformly selecting M groups of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications in the range;
step 1.2, establishing a temperature field calculation model by using finite element software for M groups of 9% Cr steel pipelines with different specifications selected in the step 1.1, and applying corresponding boundary conditions;
and step 1.3, calculating the minimum heating width of the local postweld heat treatment required when the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the steel pipeline of each specification is 20 ℃ by using the calculation model established in the step 1.2.
3. The method of determining the minimum heating width of a local post weld heat treatment of a 9% Cr steel pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sizes of the steel pipeline with the content of 9% Cr are as follows: the outer diameter of the pipeline is 300-1500 mm, and the wall thickness of the pipeline is 30-150 mm.
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