CN110305030B - 氨基酸酯盐酸盐及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
氨基酸酯盐酸盐及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开氨基酸酯盐酸盐及其制备方法与应用,将氨基酸、醇、对甲苯磺酸加入到甲苯中,130~140℃回流反应4h,反应液用质量百分比浓度为5%的NaOH溶液萃取3次,有机层使用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,蒸去溶剂,以石油醚:异丙醇体积比为5~6:1混合的混合液为洗脱剂进行柱层析,得无色液体氨基酸酯;在氨基酸酯中通入干燥的氯化氢气体1~1.5h,得到氨基酸酯盐酸盐;氨基酸酯盐酸盐作为促渗剂在经皮给药系统使用效果好,氨基酸酯盐酸盐促进药物的透皮吸收,使角质细胞的流动性增强,有效增加药物的透皮量,本发明药物经皮促渗剂可有效改善药物的溶解性,提高药物吸收率,并提高治疗效果,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氨基酸酯盐酸盐及其制备方法与应用,属于外用给药技术领域。
背景技术
经皮给药系统(Transdermal Drug Delivery System)是药物经皮肤吸收,进入全身血液循坏而并达到有效血药浓度、实现疾病治疗或预防的一类制剂;它能避免静脉注射给药和口服给药的缺点,毒副作用低,无肝脏首过效应,不受胃排空速率等影响,生物利用度高;使用方便,吸收面积固定,血药浓度稳定,是无创伤性给药的新途径。经皮给药制剂不仅可以局部作用,还可以全身作用,是外用制剂上研究的热点之一。
皮肤是人体中最大的器官,其覆盖整个身体,防止外来物质从环境中渗透到身体中。经皮给药系统中,阻碍药物吸收的最大障碍是皮肤的最外层(角质层,StratumCorneum,SC)。角质层是皮肤的最外层,由于角质层的特殊结构,药物分子很难穿透角质层进入局部或全身循环。它是经皮药物渗透的主要障碍。透皮吸收促进剂 (PenetrationEnhancers,PE) 系指可加速药物穿透皮肤而不对皮肤造成严重刺激和损害的物质,是经皮药物传递系统的重要组成部分。传统促渗剂包括亚砜、氮酮、脂肪酸、脂肪醇等。近年来,萜类、氨基酸类衍生物、表面活性剂、薄荷醇酯类衍生物、香芹醇酯类衍生物、多肽等一系列化合物也被先后证明具有经皮促渗活性。但由于刺激性和其他尚未澄清的安全问题,很大一部分化合物未能得到临床应用。
氨基酸酯盐酸盐因其良好的生物降解性和较高的安全性而备受关注。寇元分别以天然氨基酸 [Amino Acid, AA] 和质子化的氨基酸酯[Amino Acid Ester, AAE] 作为阳离子,与多种阴离子 (如卤素、NO3、BF4 等) 通过酸化成盐构成离子液体。该类化合物①拥有良好的生物可再生以及生物可降解性;②能够保持氨基酸本身的手性中心;③通过改变侧链,可简单方便地进行功能化改造。但是其作为促渗剂在经皮给药系统中的应用却是未见报道的。
发明内容
本发明的氨基酸酯盐酸盐,其结构式如下:
其中R为氨基酸的可变基团,氨基酸为甘氨酸、亮氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸;除甘氨酸外,化合物构型均为L型;R'=(CH2)nCH3,n=8~14且为整数。
本发明还提供氨基酸酯盐酸盐的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)酯化反应:氨基酸、醇、对甲苯磺酸加入到甲苯中,130~140℃回流反应4h,反应液用质量百分比浓度为5%的NaOH溶液萃取3次,有机层使用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,蒸去溶剂,以石油醚:异丙醇体积比为5~6:1混合的混合液为洗脱剂进行柱层析,得无色液体氨基酸酯;
(2)酸化反应:在步骤(1)的氨基酸酯中通入干燥的氯化氢气体1~1.5h,氯化氢气体与氨基酸的摩尔比为1.05~1.15:1,得氨基酸酯盐酸盐。
步骤(1)氨基酸为甘氨酸、亮氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸。
步骤(1)中醇为正辛醇或十二烷醇。
步骤(1)中氨基酸、醇、对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为氨基酸:醇:对甲苯磺酸=1:(0.8~1.8): (0.8~1.8)。
步骤(1)中甲苯的加入量为氨基酸物质的量的30~50倍。
本发明制备方法的反应方程式如下:
其中R为氨基酸的可变基团,氨基酸为甘氨酸、亮氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸;R'=(CH2)nCH3,n=8-14且为整数。
本发明还提供所述氨基酸酯盐酸盐作为促渗剂在经皮给药系统中的应用,采用Franz扩散池的方法对氨基酸酯盐酸盐作为促渗剂对经皮给药的效果进行验证,实验结果表明氨基酸酯盐酸盐的ER值约为对照组的4倍左右,药物分别选取了亲水性药物5-FU,亲脂性药物氢化可的松,证明了氨基酸酯盐酸盐作为促渗剂对亲脂性、亲水性药物的经皮给药均有促进效果。
所述氨基酸酯盐酸盐作为促渗剂的质量浓度为0.1~10%,此范围内不同浓度对药物均有促渗效果。
本发明中所涉及的亲脂性药物氢化可的松是一类糖皮质激素,具有免疫抑制、抗毒、抗休克等作用,主要用于肾上腺皮质功能减退症的替代治疗及先天性肾上腺皮质功能增生症的治疗,也可用于类风湿性关节炎、风湿性发热、痛风、支气管哮喘、过敏性疾病,并可用于严重感染和抗休克治疗等。亲水性药物5-FU为胸苷酸合成酶抑制药,是尿嘧啶5位上的氢被氟取代的衍生物,5-FU不仅是最早的抗癌药物也是目前应用最广的抗嘧啶类药物,对消化道癌及其他实体瘤有良好疗效,在肿瘤内科治疗中占有重要地位。
相对于现有技术,本发明的优点是:(1)氨基酸酯盐酸盐具有无毒、易得、刺激性小、溶解性强的优点。(2)本发明合成方法产率较高、花费时间较少,且纯化简单。(3)氨基酸酯盐酸盐作为促渗剂促进药物的透皮吸收,使角质细胞的流动性增强,有效增加药物的透皮量。本发明药物经皮促渗剂可有效改善药物的溶解性,提高药物吸收率,并提高治疗效果,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是实施例1甘氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图氢谱;
图2是实施例1甘氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图碳谱;
图3是实施例2亮氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图氢谱;
图4是实施例2亮氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图碳谱;
图5是实施例3亮氨酸十二烷基酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图氢谱;
图6是实施例3亮氨酸十二烷基酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图碳谱;
图7是实施例4脯氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图氢谱;
图8是实施例4脯氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的核磁波谱图碳谱;
图9为实施例1-4氢化可的松的透皮吸收累计透过量图;
图10为实施例1-4 5-FU的透皮吸收累计透过量图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
甘氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)酯化反应:取甘氨酸26.6nmol、正辛醇21.3nmol、对甲苯磺酸21.3mmol溶于800mmol甲苯中,在130℃下回流反应12h,反应液用200mL的质量百分比浓度为5%的NaOH溶液萃取3次,有机层使用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,蒸去溶剂,以石油醚:异丙醇的体积比为5:1混合的混合液为洗脱剂柱层析,得无色液体为甘氨酸辛酯;
(2)酸化反应,将氯化氢气体通入在步骤(1)的甘氨酸辛酯中1h,通入的氯化氢气体与氨基酸的摩尔比为1.05:1,得到甘氨酸辛酯盐酸盐([L-GlyC8]Cl),白色粉末,产率80%。
合成方法方程式如下:
本实施例得到的产物进行核磁共振检测,得到的氢谱、碳谱数据如图1和图2所示,其数据如下:
氢谱数据:1H NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.34 (s, 2H), 4.04 (t, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 1H), 1.94 – 1.44 (m, 1H), 1.44 – 0.83 (m, 13H), 0.76(q, J = 11.0, 9.5 Hz, 3H)。
碳谱数据:13C NMR (151 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 167.61, 66.05, 40.32,31.41, 28.88, 28.81, 27.98, 25.41, 22.24, 22.22, 13.66。
从氢谱和碳谱图中可以得到本实施例得到的产物的化学式与方程式的结果一致。
实施例2
亮氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)酯化反应:取亮氨酸15.186nmol和正辛醇16.705nmol、对甲苯磺酸16.705mmol溶于600mmol甲苯中,在140℃下回流反应4h,反应液用200mL质量百分比浓度为5%的NaOH溶液萃取3次,有机层使用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,蒸去溶剂,以石油醚:异丙醇体积比为5.5:1混合的混合液为洗脱剂进行柱层析,得无色液体为亮氨酸辛酯;
(2)酸化反应:将氯化氢气体通入步骤(1)的亮氨酸辛酯中1h,通入的氯化氢气体与氨基酸的摩尔比为1.05:1,得到亮氨酸辛酯盐酸盐([L-LeuC8]Cl),为白色粉末,产率82%。
合成方法方程式如下:
本实施例得到的产物进行核磁共振检测,得到的氢谱、碳谱数据如图3和图4所示,其数据如下:
氢谱数据:1H NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.81 (s, 3H), 4.21 (dt, J =10.5, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (dt, J = 10.6, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H),2.04 – 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.85 (td, J = 10.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 1.66 (p, J = 7.0 Hz,2H), 1.38 – 1.18 (m, 10H), 0.99 (dd, J = 6.2, 2.8 Hz, 6H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.0Hz, 3H)。
碳谱数据:13C NMR (151 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 169.99, 77.40, 77.19,76.98, 66.52, 66.49, 51.79, 39.59, 39.56, 31.81, 31.79, 29.21, 29.20, 29.18,29.16, 28.37, 28.36, 25.82, 24.54, 22.66, 22.32, 22.29, 22.28, 22.18, 14.12。
从氢谱和碳谱图中可以得到本实施例得到的产物的化学式与方程式的结果一致。
实施例3
亮氨酸十二烷基酯盐酸盐的的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)酯化反应:取亮氨酸15.186nmol和十二烷醇22.779nmol、对甲苯磺酸27.3348mmol溶于610mmol甲苯中,在135℃下回流反应8h,反应液用200mL质量百分比浓度为5%的NaOH溶液萃取3次,有机层使用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,蒸去溶剂,以石油醚:异丙醇体积比为6:1混合的混合液为洗脱剂进行柱层析,得无色液体为亮氨酸十二烷基酯;
(2)酸化反应:将氯化氢气体通入到步骤(1)的亮氨酸十二烷基酯中1.5h,通入的氯化氢气体与氨基酸的摩尔比为1.15:1,得到亮氨酸十二烷基酯盐酸盐([L-LeuC12]Cl),为白色粉末,产率82%。
合成方法方程式如下:
本实施例得到的产物进行核磁共振检测,得到的氢谱、碳谱数据如图5和图6所示,其数据如下:
氢谱数据:1H NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.76 (s, 3H), 4.37 – 3.92(m, 3H), 2.01 (td, J = 13.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.93 – 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.66 (q, J =7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.54 – 1.09 (m, 18H), 1.07 – 0.92 (m, 6H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.2 Hz,3H)。
碳谱数据:13C NMR (151 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 65.96, 39.10, 31.58, 29.32,29.30, 29.24, 29.19, 29.02, 28.86, 28.00, 25.47, 24.18, 22.33, 21.92, 21.84,13.75。
从氢谱和碳谱图中可以得到本实施例得到的产物的化学式与方程式的结果一致。
实施例4
脯氨酸辛酯盐酸盐的的的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)酯化反应:取脯氨酸17.372nmol和正辛醇31.2696nmol、对甲苯磺酸27.7952mmol溶于868mmol甲苯中,在130℃下回流反应8h,反应液用200mL质量百分比浓度为5%的NaOH溶液萃取3次,有机层使用无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,蒸去溶剂,以石油醚:异丙醇体积比为6:1混合的混合液为洗脱剂进行柱层析,得无色液体为脯氨酸辛酯;
(2)酸化反应:将干燥氯化氢气体通入到步骤(1)的脯氨酸辛酯中1.2h,通入的氯化氢气体与氨基酸的摩尔比为1.1:1,脯氨酸辛酯盐酸盐([L-ProC8]Cl),为白色粉末,产率82%。
合成方法方程式如下:
本实施例得到的产物进行核磁共振检测,得到的氢谱、碳谱数据如图7和图8所示,其数据如下:
氢谱数据:1H NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 10.43 (s, 1H), 8.98 (s,1H), 4.53 (s, 1H), 4.41 – 3.98 (m, 2H), 3.72 – 3.47 (m, 2H), 2.31 – 1.92 (m,4H), 1.86 – 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.31 (ddt, J = 29.2, 14.9, 8.0 Hz, 10H), 0.89 (q, J= 6.3 Hz, 3H)。
碳谱数据:13C NMR (151 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 168.96, 66.94, 59.26,46.08, 31.67, 29.06, 28.85, 28.28, 25.67, 23.60, 22.54, 14.01。
实施例1-4制备得到的氨基酸酯盐酸盐对氢化可的松的体外透皮实验:
(1)取雄性昆明种小鼠(体重20±2g),断颈处死,剥离腹部皮肤,用电动剃毛刀剪去鼠毛,并去除皮下脂肪及结缔组织,用生理盐水反复冲洗干净,置于-20℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将鼠皮装在Franz扩散池上,鼠皮角质层面朝向供给池,实验组中供给池为2mL氨基酸酯盐酸盐质量百分比浓度为5%且氢化可的松药物浓度为1mg/mL的甲醇-水(甲醇:水体积比1:9)溶液,接收池中注满0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)接收液,空白组中供给池为氢化可的松药物浓度为1mg/mL的甲醇-水(甲醇:水体积比1:9)溶液,接收池中注满0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)接收液,鼠皮角质层朝上,皮下脂肪部分与接受池里的接收液充分接触,池内水温37℃,恒温磁力搅拌,加样后平衡1h后开始计时,分别于1h,2h,4h,6h,8h,10h,12h,24h从样品接收池中取出1mL接收液,同时补加等量同温的接收液至接收池,取出的接收液样品经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,用HPLC法测定各组药物释放的量,计算单位面积累计渗透量Q(μg/mL),其结果见图9。
由图9结果可知,在保持相同药物量的情况下,对于酯溶性药物氢化可的松来说,其24小时内,含有实施例1-4中氨基酸酯盐酸盐的氢化可的松累积渗透量和透皮速率均大于没有添加氨基酸酯盐酸盐的空白组,其中渗透效果最好的是脯氨酸辛酯盐酸盐;在24小时的累计透过量大约为空白组的6倍左右,其次是亮氨酸十二烷基酯盐酸盐。
实施例1-4氨基酸酯盐酸盐对5-FU的体外透皮评价:
(1)取雄性昆明种小鼠(体重20±2g),断颈处死,剥离腹部皮肤,用电动剃毛刀剪去鼠毛,并去除皮下脂肪及结缔组织,用生理盐水反复冲洗干净,置于-20℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将鼠皮装在Franz扩散池上,鼠皮角质层面朝向供给池,实验组中供给池为2mL氨基酸酯盐酸盐质量百分比浓度为5%且5-FU药物浓度为1mg/mL的甲醇-水(甲醇:水体积比1:9)溶液,接收池中注满0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)接收液,空白组中供给池为5-FU药物浓度为5mg/mL的水溶液,接收池中注满0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)接收液,鼠皮角质层朝上,皮下脂肪部分与接受池里的接收液充分接触,池内水温37℃,恒温磁力搅拌,加样后平衡1h后开始计时,分别于1h,2h,4h,6h,8h,10h,12h,24h从样品接收池中取出1mL接收液,同时补加等量同温的接收液至接收池,取出的接收液样品经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,用HPLC法测定各组药物释放的量,计算单位面积累计渗透量Q(μg/mL),其结果见图10。
由图10结果可知,在保持相同药物量的情况下,对于水溶性药物5-FU来说,其24小时内,实施例1-4中的5-FU累积渗透量和透皮速率均远远大于没有添加促渗剂的空白组,其中渗透效果最好的是亮氨酸十二酯盐酸盐;在24小时的累计透过量大约为空白组的5倍左右,其次是亮氨酸辛基酯盐酸盐。
以上结果表明,氨基酸酯盐酸盐对亲脂性药物氢化可的松和亲水性药物5-FU,均有促渗作用,且在24小时的累计透过量都远远大于空白组,促渗效率明显。
Claims (2)
1.氨基酸酯盐酸盐在制备经皮给药系统的促渗剂中的应用,所述氨基酸酯盐酸盐为脯氨酸辛酯盐酸盐,药物为氢化可的松。
2.氨基酸酯盐酸盐在制备经皮给药系统的促渗剂中的应用,所述氨基酸酯盐酸盐为亮氨酸十二酯盐酸盐,药物为5-氟尿嘧啶。
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