CN110277211B - 一种钐铁氮磁纳米管的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种钐铁氮磁纳米管的制备方法,该发明以多孔氧化铝为模板,在垂直磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管阵列,然后将钐铁纳米管阵列置于热处理炉中,经过渗氮取向、退火氢化和氮化得到钐铁氮磁纳米管阵列。该方法获得的钐铁氮磁纳米管阵列为高度有序纳米管阵列,纳米管的外径与多孔氧化铝模板的孔径一致;钐铁氮磁纳米阵列具有优异的磁性能和磁各向异性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钐铁氮磁纳米管的制备方法,属于材料制备领域。
背景技术
永磁材料是具有较大剩磁、矫顽力、磁能积和一经磁化即能保持恒定磁性的材料。永磁材料经历了碳钢-铝镍钴-铁氧体-SmCo5-Sm2Co17-Nd2Fe14B 几个主要的发展阶段。其中稀土永磁材料是 20 世纪 60 年代发展起来的新型永磁材料,包括第一代稀土永磁 1:5型 SmCo 合金,第二代稀土永磁 2:17 型 SmCo 合金;第一代和第二代稀土永磁材料都含有稀土元素 Co,而 Co 是战略物资、价格昂贵,这在很大程度上限制了它们的广泛使用,于是人们开发了第三代Nd-Fe-B稀土永磁材料。与第一、二代稀土永磁材料相比,Nd-Fe-B的磁性能优异,迅速稀土永磁体市场,有着“磁王”的美誉。但Nd-Fe-B本身并不完美,缺点同样明显,如稀土含量高、耐腐蚀性差和高温时居里温度低等。因此人们积极探寻新一代稀土永磁材料。Sm-Fe-N 不管从磁性能方面来说,还是从生产成本上来说,都很有可能取代 Nd-Fe-B,成为人们期待的第四代稀土永磁材料。
目前,Sm-Fe-N的制备方法主要有熔体快淬法(RQ)、机械合金化法(MA)、粉末冶金法(PM)、氢化-歧化-脱氢-再化合法(HDDR)。但随着现代人类社会高科技的发展,电子器件微型化、功能兼容一体化的要求越来越高。当前工艺制备得到的Sm-Fe-N磁体难以满足高端需要,所以急需开发具有高磁能积和优异的磁各向异性的Sm-Fe-N磁性纳米材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种钐铁氮磁纳米管的制备方法,该制备方法得到的钐铁氮磁纳米管为高度有序纳米管阵列,纳米管的外径与多孔氧化铝模板的孔径一致;钐铁氮磁纳米管具有高磁能积和优异的磁各向异性。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明的具体步骤为:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在30~50℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为1~5 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:SmCl3•6H2O、FeCl2•4H2O、Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、NaCl、H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为10~20 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为1~10 Hz,脉冲占空比为0.1~0.5;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在100~150℃保温1~5h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加0.5~1T的磁场,在100~150℃初步渗氮5~10h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在400~600℃下退火1~5h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在300~400℃下氢化10~24h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在300~400℃下氮化2~20h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
技术效果:本发明利用垂直磁场、水和乙二醇混合溶剂和脉冲电沉积的工艺条件,使Sm3+、Fe2+能够共沉积在多孔氧化铝孔道中形成钐铁磁纳米管;本发明纳米尺寸的钐铁纳米管,通过初步渗氮取向、退火氢化,为氮化提供有利条件,得到含氮量较高的钐铁氮磁纳米管,使钐铁氮磁纳米管具有优异的磁各向异性。
具体实施方式
下面是结合实施例对本发明进行详细描述,以便更好地理解本发明的目的、特点和优点。虽然本发明是结合该具体实施例进行描述,但并不意味着本发明局限于所描述具体实施例。相反,对可以包括在本发明权利要求内所限定的保护范围内的实施方式进行替代、改进和等同的实施方式,都属于本发明的保护范围。对于未特别标注的工艺参数可按常规技术进行。
本发明的具体步骤为:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在30~50℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为1~5 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:SmCl3•6H2O、FeCl2•4H2O、Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、 NaCl、H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为10~20 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为1~10 Hz,脉冲占空比为0.1~0.5;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在100~150℃保温1~5h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加0.5~1T的磁场,在100~150℃初步渗氮5~10h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在400~600℃下退火1~5h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在300~400℃下氢化10~24h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在300~400℃下氮化2~20h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
实施例1:
步骤为:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在50℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为5 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:0.6 mol/L SmCl3•6H2O、0.1 mol/L FeCl2•4H2O、0.1mol/L Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、0.06 mol/L NaCl、0.6 mol/L H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为10 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为10 Hz,脉冲占空比为0.5;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在150℃保温4h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加1T的磁场,在150℃初步渗氮5h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在400℃下退火4h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在400℃下氢化20h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在400℃下氮化10h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
对实施例1所制备的样品进行XRD和TEM表征,检测到了钐铁氮物相,钐铁氮的形貌为有序纳米管阵列结构;对钐铁氮磁纳米管阵列进行VSM测试,发现其具有较高的磁能积和优异的磁各向异性。
实施例2:
步骤为:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在30℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为1 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:0.6 mol/L SmCl3•6H2O、0.1 mol/L FeCl2•4H2O、0.1mol/L Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、0.06 mol/L NaCl、0.6 mol/L H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为20 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为1Hz,脉冲占空比为0.1;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在100℃保温5h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加0.5T的磁场,在100℃初步渗氮5~10h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在500℃下退火5h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在300℃下氢化24h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在300℃下氮化20h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
对实施例2所制备的样品进行XRD和TEM表征,检测到了钐铁氮物相,钐铁氮的形貌为有序纳米管阵列结构;对钐铁氮磁纳米管阵列进行VSM测试,发现其具有较高的磁能积和优异的磁各向异性。
实施例3:
步骤为:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在40℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为2 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:0.6 mol/L SmCl3•6H2O、0.1 mol/L FeCl2•4H2O、0.1mol/L Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、0.06 mol/L NaCl、0.6 mol/L H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为15 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为8 Hz,脉冲占空比为0.3;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在120℃保温3h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加0.8T的磁场,在120℃初步渗氮8h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在600℃下退火1h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在400℃下氢化10h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在400℃下氮化10h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
对实施例3所制备的样品进行XRD和TEM表征,检测到了钐铁氮物相,钐铁氮的形貌为有序纳米管阵列结构;对钐铁氮磁纳米管阵列进行VSM测试,发现其具有较高的磁能积和优异的磁各向异性。
实施例4:
步骤为:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在50℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为4 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:0.6 mol/L SmCl3•6H2O、0.1 mol/L FeCl2•4H2O、0.1mol/L Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、0.06 mol/L NaCl、0.6 mol/L H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为12 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为3 Hz,脉冲占空比为0.5;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在100℃保温5h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加1T的磁场,在100℃初步渗氮10h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在500℃下退火5h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在400℃下氢化15h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在400℃下氮化15h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
对实施例4所制备的样品进行XRD和TEM表征,检测到了钐铁氮物相,钐铁氮的形貌为有序纳米管阵列结构;对钐铁氮磁纳米管阵列进行VSM测试,发现其具有较高的磁能积和优异的磁各向异性。
Claims (1)
1.一种钐铁氮磁纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤组成:
1)、多孔氧化铝模板准备:选取孔径为200nm双通的氧化铝模板,在其背面磁控溅射一层厚度为1 μm的金膜,依次经过甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙醇、蒸馏水超声清洗后烘干以备用;
2)、钐铁纳米管的制备:在磁场下采用脉冲电沉积法制备钐铁纳米管:以第一步准备好氧化铝模板作为工作电极,水银电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为辅助电极,加入沉积液后在30~50℃搅拌下进行脉冲电沉积,沉积完成用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将多孔氧化铝模板溶解,然后用乙醇和蒸馏水清洗至中性;
所述的磁场的方向与纳米管的生长方向垂直,磁场的大小为1~5 T;
所述的沉积液的溶质为:SmCl3•6H2O、FeCl2•4H2O、Na3C6H5O7•2H2O、NaCl、H3BO3和抗坏血酸,溶剂为2:1的水和乙二醇溶液;
所述的脉冲电沉积的条件为:电流密度为10~20 mA/cm2,脉冲频率为1~10 Hz,脉冲占空比为0.1~0.5;
3)、渗氮取向:将钐铁纳米管列置于热处理炉中,在100~150℃保温1~5h,然后以恒定的速率通入氨气,同时施加0.5~1T的磁场,在100~150℃初步渗氮5~10h;
4)、退火氢化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氩气,在400~600℃下退火1~5h,然后以恒定的速率通入含50%氢气的氩氢混合气,在300~400℃下氢化10~24h;
5)、氮化:以恒定的速率通入高纯氮气,在300~400℃下氮化2~20h,降至室温,取出样品即得到钐铁氮磁纳米管。
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