CN110253162A - A kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding - Google Patents
A kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110253162A CN110253162A CN201910198142.6A CN201910198142A CN110253162A CN 110253162 A CN110253162 A CN 110253162A CN 201910198142 A CN201910198142 A CN 201910198142A CN 110253162 A CN110253162 A CN 110253162A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to laser weldings and laser gain material manufacturing field, more particularly to the different metal materials connection method of a kind of combination laser gain material and laser welding, the transition metal plate that can be changed by increasing material graded elemental, same metal welding is converted by different-metal material welding, efficiently solve the problems, such as dissimilar metal due to the larger caused difficult weldering of fusing point difference, avoid the generation of brittle metal chemical combination object phase during different-metal material welding, simultaneously by way of directly increasing material transition metal as substrate using refractory metal, reduce welding times when being welded using transition metal, it avoids introducing extra residual tension, effectively improve the service life of welding of dissimilar metal fitting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser weldings and laser gain material manufacturing field, and in particular to a kind of combination laser gain material and Laser Welding
The different metal materials connection method connect.
Background technique
Laser gain material manufacturing technology (Laser additive manufacturing, LAM) is a kind of emerging in recent years
Rapid prototyping technology mainly carries out increasing material manufacturing by using Layered Manufacturing Technology, passes through the movement and agglomeration of laser beam
Entity component is converted by CAD model by powder.The technology is not necessarily to any moulds of industrial equipment, and simple process is, it can be achieved that metal parts
Quick manufacture, reduce cost, moreover it is possible to realize material component continuously varying gradient functional material manufacture.With traditional manufacturing technology
Compare, have it is flexible high, without mold, the period is short, by design of part and material the series of advantages such as is not limited.Therefore, laser increases
Material manufacturing technology is widely used in the fields such as space flight and aviation, automobile, electronics, medical treatment, military project.
Laser welding technology (Laser beam welding, LBW) is a kind of emerging welding technique, belongs to fusion weld
It connects.It is mainly using the laser beam of high-energy density as a kind of high-efficiency and precision welding method of heat source.Laser welding is sharp
One of the importance of luminescent material processing technology application.Laser welding has the characteristics that speed of welding is fast, depth-to-width ratio is big.Meanwhile
The requirement that laser welding can will enter heat and be preferably minimized, reduces heat affected area metallographic variation range, reduces because heat transfer causes
Deformation.Therefore, laser welding technology is widely used in automobile, the industrial circles such as aviation.
In actual industrial application, for the needs of actual Service Environment, it is often necessary to comprehensive two kinds of materials
Performance, this has related to the connectivity problem of dissimilar metal.But during different-metal material welding, due to melting for dissimilar metal
Point, reflectivity, the difference of the physical properties such as linear expansion coefficient and chemical property cause the difficulty that dissimilar metal directly welds.
Simultaneously as the metallic element that dissimilar metal contains is different, it is easy to produce brittle metal chemical combination object in the welding process, affects
The welding quality of welding of dissimilar metal fitting reduces the service life of welding of dissimilar metal fitting.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the different metal materials connection method of a kind of combination laser gain material and laser welding, can pass through increasing
The transition metal plate of material graded elemental variation converts same metal welding for different-metal material welding, efficiently solves xenogenesis
Metal due to fusing point difference it is larger caused by difficult weldering problem, avoid brittle metal chemical combination object phase during different-metal material welding
It generates, while using by way of directly increasing material transition metal as substrate using refractory metal, reducing using transition metal
Welding times when being welded avoid introducing extra residual tension, effectively improve making for welding of dissimilar metal fitting
Use the service life.
The specific technical solution that the present invention uses, steps are as follows:
(1) the refractory metal substrate for treating connection carries out polishing texturing surface preparation, the rough surface in texturing region
Degree is 3.2-6.4 μm, and is fixed on the workbench of laser gain material manufacturing equipment.
(2) using refractory metal substrate wait for connection surface as basal plane, simultaneously with different powder feed rates by two powder feeders
It is placed in the basal plane of refractory metal substrate, the increasing material manufacturing of transition metal first layer set track is pressed since specified
Journey.The parameter of laser gain material manufacture are as follows: 800-2500W, spot diameter 1-3mm, every layer of increasing material with a thickness of 0.5-2mm.
(3) after completing one layer of printing, change the powder feed rate of two powder feeders respectively to change the ratio of mixed-powder, after
Continue next layer of printing.Every layer of refractory metal powder powder feed rate and the ratio of metal powder with low melting point powder feed rate are
[100- (n-1) 100/ (N-1)]: [100 (n-1)/(N-1)], wherein N is to increase the total number of plies of material, and n is the number of plies printed.
(4) step (3) are repeated, the element ratio of every layer of guarantee is that the mass ratio of refractory metal powder is [100- (n-
1) 100/ (N-1)] %, the mass ratio of metal powder with low melting point is [100 (n-1)/(N-1)] %, and with the increasing of the number of plies
Add, the ratio of refractory metal powder is successively decreased, and the ratio of metal powder with low melting point is incremented by, until n-th layer (the last layer) powder
For the metal powder with low melting point of mass ratio 100%, the length L=0.5N mm of the transition metal of completion, and two kinds of metals are printed
Constituent content along transition metal length direction change of gradient.After the increasing material manufacturing for completing transition metal plate, excessive powder is cleared up,
Connection surface, which is polished, to be waited for transition metal plate, the use of laser power is 350-1000W, laser controlling electric current is 40-100A,
Pulse width is 10-20ns, the method for laser welding that pulse frequency is 2-10Hz complete the low-melting-point metal end of transition metal with
The welding of low-melting-point metal substrate to be connected.
The transition metal plate that the present invention can be changed by increasing material graded elemental, converts gold of the same race for different-metal material welding
Belong to welding, efficiently solves the problems, such as that dissimilar metal due to the larger caused difficult weldering of fusing point difference, avoids different-metal material welding
The generation of brittle metal chemical combination object phase in the process, while the side by directly increasing material transition metal using refractory metal as substrate
Formula reduces welding times when being welded using transition metal, avoids introducing extra residual tension, effectively improve
The service life of welding of dissimilar metal fitting.
Detailed description of the invention
In ord to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the present application or the technical solution of the prior art, below to example or the prior art
Required attached drawing is briefly described.
Fig. 1 is metal and transition metal the board size schematic diagram to be connected that this method is related to；A low-melting-point metal in figure, b are
Transition metal, c are refractory metal.
Fig. 2 is the track schematic diagram of transition metal increasing material manufacturing.
Fig. 3 is the mixed-powder ratio variation tendency schematic diagram that case 2 is embodied herein；A is titanium alloy powder in figure,
B is Al alloy powder.
Fig. 4 is that 1 weld interface microstructure schematic diagram of case contrast groups is embodied herein；A is titanium alloy side, b in figure
For aluminum alloy side.
Fig. 5 is that 2 titanium alloy of case contrast groups and transition metal interface microstructure schematic diagram are embodied herein；A in figure
For transition metal side, b is titanium alloy side.
Fig. 6 is that 2 aluminium alloy of case contrast groups and transition metal interface microstructure schematic diagram are embodied herein；A in figure
For transition metal side, b is aluminum alloy side.
Table 1 is specific implementation case performance test data comparison herein.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention should not be only
It is limited to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Al alloy powder used in embodiment 1 is A6061-T6 Al alloy powder, and Ti alloy powder is TC4 Titanium Powder
End, the mode that embodiment 1 is directly welded using A6061-T6 aluminium alloy and Ti diverse metal alloy, the specific steps of which are as follows:
(1) it polishes the welding surface of metal to be welded, until the oxidation film on removal surface.
(2) A6061-T6 aluminium alloy and TC4 titanium alloy are directly welded using laser welding, welding condition is
Laser power 500W, laser controlling electric current 50A, pulse width 15ns, pulse frequency 8Hz.
(3) tensile resistance for the welding of dissimilar metal fitting that TC4 titanium alloy and A6061-T6 aluminium alloy directly weld is tested
1 is organized as a comparison.
Embodiment 2
Al alloy powder used in embodiment 2 is A6061-T6 Al alloy powder, and Ti alloy powder is TC4 Titanium Powder
End, in the different metal materials connection method of a kind of combination laser gain material of the present embodiment and laser welding, transition gold to be prepared
Category length is 30mm, number of plies N=60, and matrix and transition metal specific size are as shown in Figure 1.
A kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding, the steps include:
(1) treating connection TC4 titanium alloy surface and carrying out polishing texturing surface preparation makes the surface roughness in texturing region
It is 4.8 μm, and is fixed on the workbench of laser gain material manufacturing equipment.
(2) wait for that two powder feeders as basal plane, are placed in the basal plane of TC4 titanium alloy simultaneously, pressed by connection surface using TC4 titanium alloy
Start the increasing material manufacturing process of transition metal first layer according to starting point and scan path as shown in Figure 2.The ginseng of laser gain material manufacture
Number are as follows: laser power 1000W, spot diameter 2mm, every layer of increasing material with a thickness of 0.5mm.The TC4 Titanium Powder of first layer
The powder feed rate at end is 1000mm/min, and the powder feed rate of A6061-T6 Al alloy powder is 0mm/min, and the powder of first layer is matched
Than the TC4 titanium alloy powder for 100%.
(3) after completing one layer of printing, change the powder feed rate of two powder feeders respectively to change the ratio of mixed-powder, after
Continue next layer of printing.The powder feed rate of the TC4 titanium alloy powder of the second layer is 983mm/min, A6061-T6 Al alloy powder
Powder feed rate be 17mm/min, second layer powder mixture ratio be 98.3% TC4 titanium alloy powder and 1.7% A6061-T6 aluminium
Alloy powder.The powder feed rate of the TC4 titanium alloy powder powder of third layer is 966mm/min, A6061-T6 Al alloy powder
Powder feed rate is 33mm/min, and third layer powder mixture ratio closes for 96.6% TC4 titanium alloy powder and 3.4% A6061-T6 aluminium
Bronze end, the ratio of every layer of successively TC4 titanium alloy powder are successively decreased, and the ratio of A6061-T6 Al alloy powder is incremented by, until the 60th
The A6061-T6 Al alloy powder that layer (the last layer) powder proportions are 100%.
(4) after completing transition metal increasing material manufacturing process, excessive powder is cleared up, completes transition metal Al using laser welding
End and the connection of A6061-T6 aluminium alloy to be welded, laser welding process parameter are laser power 500W, laser controlling electric current 50A,
Pulse width 15ns, pulse frequency 8Hz.To complete the connection procedure of dissimilar metal.
(5) test organizes 2 using aluminium-titanium dissimilar metal weldment tensile resistance that this method connects as a comparison.
Shown in weld interface microstructure schematic diagram such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 of contrast groups 1 and contrast groups 2, by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5
Comparison with Fig. 6 is it is found that the difference of the microstructure of the weld seam two sides metal of this method welding is unobvious, the fusion of two sides metal
Property is more preferable, and welding quality is higher.
The tensile resistance of contrast groups 1 and contrast groups 2 is as shown in table 1, and as seen from table, this method effectively improves aluminium titanium
The tensile resistance of welding of dissimilar metal fitting.
Table 1
Claims (9)
1. the different metal materials connection method of a kind of combination laser gain material and laser welding, it is characterised in that: increased using laser
The method that material manufacture cooperates with laser welding is base to connection surface first using refractory metal to be connected as substrate
Face, the method manufactured using powder feeding formula laser gain material, is specified starting point according to both fixed tracks, passes through refractory metal quality from basal plane
Ratio is successively decreased by 100%, and low-melting-point metal mass ratio prepares the member being connected with substrate by 0% incremental mode mixed-powder
The transition metal plate of plain change of gradient, then use laser welding method, by transition metal low-melting-point metal end with it is to be welded low
Melting point metals substrate is connected with each other, thus realize effective connection of dissimilar metal, the specific steps of which are as follows:
(1) the refractory metal substrate for treating connection carries out polishing texturing surface preparation, and is fixed in laser gain material system
On the workbench of manufacturing apparatus；
(2) connection surface is waited for as basal plane using refractory metal substrate, two powder feeders is placed in simultaneously with different powder feed rates
The basal plane of refractory metal substrate, the laser gain material of transition metal first layer manufactured set track is pressed since specified
Journey；
(3) after completing one layer of printing, change the powder feed rate of two powder feeders respectively to change the mass ratio of mixed-powder, after
Continue next layer of printing；
(4) step (3) are repeated, completes the increasing material manufacturing of transition metal plate, cleared up excessive powder, connection table is waited for transition metal plate
Face is polished, and using the method for laser welding, completes the low-melting-point metal end of transition metal and low-melting-point metal base to be connect
The welding of material.
2. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in step (1), the surface roughness in texturing region is 3.2-6.4 μm.
3. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, step (2), (3), in (4), the parameter of laser gain material manufacture are as follows: 800-2500W, spot diameter 1-3mm, every layer
Increase material with a thickness of 0.5-2mm.
4. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in step (2), first layer is the refractory metal powder of mass ratio 100%.
5. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in step (3), every layer of refractory metal powder powder feed rate and the ratio of metal powder with low melting point powder feed rate are
[100- (n-1) 100/ (N-1)]: [100 (n-1)/(N-1)], wherein N is to increase the total number of plies of material, and n is the number of plies printed.
6. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in step (4), the element ratio of every layer of guarantee is that the mass ratio of refractory metal powder is [100- (n-1) 100/
(N-1)] %, the mass ratio of metal powder with low melting point are [100 (n-1)/(N-1)] %, wherein N is to increase the total number of plies of material, and n is
The number of plies printed, and with the increase of the number of plies, the ratio of refractory metal powder is successively decreased, the ratio of metal powder with low melting point
Example is incremented by, until n-th layer, that is, the last layer powder is the metal powder with low melting point of mass ratio 100%.
7. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in step (4), the length and total number of plies for printing the transition metal plate of completion meet relationship: L=0.5N, constituent content
Along the length direction change of gradient of transition metal；L is the length of transition metal plate, and N is to increase the total number of plies of material.
8. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in step (4), the laser welding process parameter are as follows: laser power 350-1000W, laser controlling electric current 40-
100 A, pulse width 10-20ns, pulse frequency 2-10 Hz.
9. a kind of different metal materials connection method of combination laser gain material and laser welding as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in laser gain material manufacturing process, realizes refractory metal powder and low by way of powder feeding simultaneously two powder feeders
The mixing of melting point metals powder.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111151880A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-15 | 安徽工业大学 | Gradient transition connection method for depositing steel/titanium dissimilar metal based on laser synchronous preheating |
| CN111570979A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Connecting method of dissimilar metal welding test plates |
| CN111790984A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-10-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of dissimilar titanium alloy composite part based on laser welding and laser material increase |
| CN113118670A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Cookware, cooking utensil and manufacturing method of cookware |
| CN113275597A (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-08-20 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component |
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Application publication date: 20190920 |