CN110250067B - Rice grass carp reef and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice grass carp reef and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110250067B CN110250067B CN201910644922.9A CN201910644922A CN110250067B CN 110250067 B CN110250067 B CN 110250067B CN 201910644922 A CN201910644922 A CN 201910644922A CN 110250067 B CN110250067 B CN 110250067B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 title description 2
- 240000004928 Paspalum scrobiculatum Species 0.000 title description 2
- 235000003675 Paspalum scrobiculatum Nutrition 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 alkyl glucoside Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/73—Artificial fishing banks or reefs assembled of components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/025—Controlling the process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/12—Impregnating by coating the surface of the wood with an impregnating paste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/20—Compounds of alkali metals or ammonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/36—Aliphatic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
- B27K9/007—Straw
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00508—Cement paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
A straw fish reef and a preparation method thereof are provided, the fish reef comprises a frame and straw arranged on the frame, the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and vertically connected; the rice straw is rolled on the upright posts, a plurality of bundles of rice straw are arranged on each upright post in sequence along the length direction of the upright post, one end of each bundle of rice straw is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of rice straw is naturally scattered all around. The nutrition components of the straws and the effective area of the straws are fully utilized, and as the straws are scattered in space after one end of the straws are bundled, the occupied space is large, more seaweed and shellfish are attached, and the unit benefit is improved; meanwhile, the structure can change ocean current of the ocean, and the flow velocity of the ocean in the structure is reduced, so that the contact time with the rice straw is prolonged, the quality is light, the structure is simple, and the repair is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish reefs, in particular to a straw fish reef and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Fishery resources are one of the important protein sources for human beings, but the global marine fishery resources are remarkably declined due to the toxic action of marine pollution, the destruction of marine organisms, the warming of climate, the acidification of the sea, the increase of marine fishing pressure, the diffusion of marine pathogenic microorganisms and the like. Meanwhile, the structure of the fishery resource is also changed obviously, the fish seeds with high nutrition level are converted into fish seeds with low value and low nutrition level, the fish seeds are embodied in that fishing objects are replaced continuously, the proportion of young fish in the fish catch is increased continuously, the proportion of bottom fish is reduced continuously, and the proportion of middle-layer fish, upper-layer fish, shrimp, crab and jellyfish is increased year by year. How to maintain the fishery resources, maintain the existing level of the fishery resources, and even improve the level of the fishery resources becomes a global problem. The marine pasture is one of the solutions to the problem for humans, can be understood as a novel fishery breeding system, has different modes corresponding to different sea areas, mainly changes non-biological environments such as shadow effect, flow field effect, acoustic effect and the like of local sea areas through the placement of submarine structures (mainly referred to as artificial fish reefs), provides a place for breeding living environment for partial marine organisms, and finally achieves the purpose of protecting and breeding marine organism resources such as fish and the like. According to the classification of the application, the types of the artificial fish reef can be divided into: trapping fish reefs, proliferating fish reefs, spawning reefs, protecting reefs for juvenile fish, algal reefs and the like. Because of the difference of ocean environments such as ocean currents, substrates and the like in different sea areas and ocean pasture targets, artificial fish reefs with different structural types are required to be arranged according to the characteristics of different sea areas and the requirements of the targets.
At present, a canvas substrate artificial reef and a preparation method thereof are reported, such as the canvas substrate artificial reef applied by the applicant, are prepared by coating and wrapping outer-layer slurry by taking a canvas tent as a matrix, and have the advantages of proper weight, easiness in salvage and repair, capability of effectively improving the rooting stability of seaweed, difficulty in cracking the whole reef and strong toughness; however, the fish reef has high manufacturing cost and is not beneficial to the control of the cost; in addition, the applicant also provides a method for manufacturing the artificial fish reef by using the residential frame to be disassembled, wherein the method adopts the reinforced concrete frame of the residential frame to be disassembled to form a matrix, and the whole body is heavy and difficult to salvage and repair although the matrix has a certain technical effect; in addition, the durable and proliferative artificial fish reef is provided, wherein bamboo strips are mainly used for enhancing the connection performance and firmness of the fish reef, but the surfaces of the bamboo strips are too smooth, so that the firm bonding of the coating materials is not facilitated.
Straw is a common crop straw, the yield is very high, and the straw is generally buried or used for feed or paper manufacture after harvesting rice; the rice straw is rich in nutrition and is easy to degrade, and if the rice straw is combined with the artificial fish reef, the rice straw is used for manufacturing ocean pastures, and has a very broad prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for fully utilizing the nutrition components of the straws and the effective area of the straws, and the straws are scattered in space after being bundled at one end, so that the occupied space is large, more seaweed and shellfish are attached, and the unit benefit is improved; meanwhile, the structure can change ocean current of the ocean, the flow velocity of the ocean in the structure is reduced, so that the contact time with the straw is prolonged, in addition, nutrient substances can obtain more nutrition through a complex channel and an increased circulation route, the degradation is facilitated, the environmental pollution is avoided, the burr-shaped tiny protrusions on the surface of the nutrient substances are more beneficial to the adhesion and the slurry hanging of the coating materials, and the straw fish reef which is light in weight, simple in structure and beneficial to the repair and the preparation method thereof can be provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the straw fish reef comprises a frame and straw arranged on the frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and perpendicularly connected; the rice straw rolling machine is characterized in that the rice straw is rolled on the upright posts, a plurality of bundles of rice straw are arranged on each upright post in sequence along the length direction of the upright posts, one end of each bundle of rice straw is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of rice straw is naturally scattered all around.
According to the invention, the rice straw is used as the main material of the fish reef for the first time, and the rice straw is rich in nutrition, is beneficial to degradation and does not cause environmental pollution, can provide a more natural and nutritional growth environment for marine organisms, is more beneficial to the growth and attachment of the marine organisms, and has a simple and portable structure, so that shellfish seaweed and the like can be picked and repaired conveniently; in addition, the structure of the invention can fully utilize the effective area of the straws, and as the straws are rolled in bundles and one end of the straws are scattered, the straws are scattered in space, and the technical effect of occupying large space is realized, so that the attachment of more seaweed shellfish and the unit benefit are improved; meanwhile, the structure can change ocean current of the ocean, and the flow velocity of the ocean in the structure is reduced, so that the contact time with the rice straw is prolonged, and the attachment of seaweed and shellfish is facilitated; in addition, the nutrient substances can be added through complex channels to obtain more nutrients, are beneficial to degradation and cannot cause environmental pollution, the tiny protrusions of the surface burrs of the straw are more beneficial to adhesion and slurry coating of the coating materials, and the straw fish reef and the preparation method thereof can be provided with light weight, simple structure and benefit for repairing.
Preferably, each upright post is provided with a collar, the collar is axially sleeved on the upright post, the inner diameter of the collar is larger than the outer diameter of the upright post, and the straw penetrates out from the hole between the collar and the upright post; at least one stop rod is radially arranged below the lantern ring on the upright post and used for axially limiting the lantern ring; by adopting the structure, the straws can be bound on the upright posts, and meanwhile, the straws can be well limited and fixed by the arrangement of the lantern ring.
Preferably, the straw is further provided with stirrups after passing through the lantern ring, and the stirrups are used for fixing the straw on the upright posts. The stirrups may be made of an elastic material or a material that can be tensioned.
Further, the frame top be provided with cursory, cursory be connected with the frame through marine hawser or hose, be used for controlling the delivery degree of depth of grass carp reef, can also play simultaneously and retrieve conveniently, the effect of regular change straw.
Preferably, the upright posts and the cross beams are hollow, and small holes are formed in the upright posts and the cross beams; by adopting the structure, nutrient solution or oxygen and the like can be introduced into the fish reef through the upright posts and the cross beams, so that nutrition is provided for the sea area. The marine mooring rope is bound with a sealing pipe which is communicated with the upright post and the cross beam and is used for conveying oxygen or nutrient solution to the fish reef.
Preferably, the cross beam and the upright post of the frame are hollow plastic pipes or hollow rust-proof steel pipes (rust-proof and low-cost) or hollow aluminum alloy pipes, the hose is also hollow, and the hollow hose is communicated with the cross beam or the upright post of the frame; the hollow various pipelines are adopted as the frame, so that the weight can be reduced, and the corrosion pollution to the water body can be prevented; in addition, the hollow arrangement of the hose, the cross beam and the upright post can facilitate the introduction of nutrient substances and provide nutrients for seaweed and shellfish.
Preferably, the lower end of the frame is provided with an anchoring structure through a pull rope; the structure can ensure the throwing depth of the grass carp reef.
Preferably, the lower ends of the upright posts are provided with extension sections, and the extension sections can be spliced with the seabed sludge; the structure can improve the stability of the throwing position of the grass carp reef and is more beneficial to the attachment and growth of seaweed and shellfish.
Preferably, the frame is also provided with a flow velocity detector and a temperature detector, and the structure can detect the detection flow velocity of ocean currents to know the nutrition residence time and the fish gathering effect; the temperature can conveniently judge the types of different fishes, shellfishes, and the added nutrient substances, and the like, so as to be convenient to combine with specific fish reef rim, and better improve the use effect of the fish reef.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the grass carp reef, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Firstly, taking fresh rice straw with rice removed, soaking the rice straw in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and soaking the rice straw in a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 3-5% for 10-15h;
(2) Taking out the rice straw after the soaking, leaching out sodium hydroxide on the surface (the obtained water is the flushing water), then soaking the rice straw in an alkyl glucoside solution for surface modification, wherein the mass percent concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 8-12%, soaking for 3-6 minutes, and taking out;
(3) Carrying out slurry hanging on the rice straw subjected to surface modification in the step (2), wherein slurry hanging is carried out for two times, and the raw material components of the first slurry are as follows: 100-150 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of mineral powder, 40-60 parts of fly ash, 20-30 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 2-5 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol (binder, improving the adhesive force of slurry and straw), and 400-500 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2);
The raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 100-150 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of mineral powder, 40-60 parts of fly ash, 450-550 parts of sand, 20-30 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 2-5 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 400-500 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2), and 3-5% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement; airing the rice straws after the completion of the slurry hanging;
(4) Preparing a fish reef frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and vertically connected; rolling the straws obtained after the treatment in the step (3) on the upright posts, wherein each upright post is provided with a plurality of bundles of straws which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the upright post, one end of each bundle of straws is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of straws naturally spreads around.
Preferably, the concentration range of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in percentage by mass is 4%, and the soaking time is 12 hours.
Preferably, the concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 9-11% by mass, and the soaking time is 4-5 minutes.
Preferably, the raw material components of the first slurry are as follows: 120-140 parts of cement, 80-110 parts of mineral powder, 45-55 parts of fly ash, 22-38 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 3-4 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol and 420-460 parts of residual sodium hydroxide aqueous solution after soaking rice straw in the step (1); the raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 120-140 parts of cement, 80-110 parts of mineral powder, 45-55 parts of fly ash, 450-550 parts of sand, 22-38 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 3-4 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 420-460 parts of residual sodium hydroxide aqueous solution after soaking rice straw in step (1), and 3-5% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement.
The low viscosity polyvinyl alcohol of the invention, alternatively referred to as low viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, has a specific viscosity in the range of 4.0 to 7.0.
Preferably, the sand is fine sand with fineness less than 2.2 fineness modulus (sea sand can be adopted, the fineness of the sea sand meets the requirement, and the sea sand is low in price, because the rice straw treated in the rice straw fish reef is not a metal part, the sea sand is adopted, and the problem of steel corrosion caused by the existence of Cl ions is not worry).
According to the preparation method, the thickness of the inner layer of the slurry is 2-3mm, the thickness of the outer layer of the slurry is 2-3mm, and the total thickness of the slurry is 4-5mm.
The modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber of the invention can be a modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber sold by Anhui View high new materials Co., ltd.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. According to the preparation method, straw is creatively used as a substrate of the fish reef in the preparation process; the specific treatment method of the straw is to firstly carry out alkali liquor soaking, because the main components in the straw are lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and a small amount of pectin and fructose. The presence of organic matter in pectin and fructose can affect the hydration and perishability of the cement. NaOH solution is used for removing organic matters, so that the corrosion resistance of the straw is improved; in addition, after being soaked in alkali liquor, the rice straw can be hardened, the pore diameter of the rice straw is opened, and then the surface of the rice straw is modified by alkyl glucoside, wherein the alkyl glucoside is a starch extract and is a pure natural material without any pollution; moreover, the alkyl glucoside is used for modifying the rice straw to obtain a more thorough opening of the rice straw aperture, which is beneficial to the entering and adhesion of subsequent slurry hanging; then carrying out slurry coating treatment, and adding modified polyvinyl alcohol fibers to improve the cracking resistance and the tensile resistance of the rice straws in order to prevent the shrinkage of cement slurry; the invention creatively adopts a twice slurry hanging mode, sand and modified polyvinyl alcohol fibers are not adopted in the first slurry hanging material, so that slurry can fully enter the aperture of the straw, aperture blockage caused by existence of the sand and the modified low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol fibers is prevented, aperture filling is incomplete, the strength, toughness and corrosion resistance of the straw are not ideal, the aperture is fully filled in the first slurry hanging mode, and the second slurry hanging mode enables the straw to be difficult to crack, high in tensile strength and more stable in corrosion resistance.
2. According to the preparation method, firstly, sodium hydroxide is used for soaking, then alkyl glucoside is used for surface modification, and then slurry coating is carried out, and fibers are added into the slurry coating material to improve the toughness of the straw and prevent cracking; meanwhile, the special treatment step prevents the pores of the rice straw from being blocked, so that the slurry can more thoroughly invade the pores of the rice straw and the surface of the rice straw, the adhesion is firmer, the rice straw is effectively modified, the firmness of the rice straw is improved, and the corrosion of sea water to the rice straw is prevented.
3. According to the preparation method, the added sand is fine sand, so that the thickness of the slurry can be prevented from being too thick, the slurry is coated more uniformly and comprehensively, and the slurry is more beneficial to entering the pores of the straw; effectively preventing the phenomena of breakage and the like caused by too thick straw slurry coating.
4. In the preparation method, the steel slag powder is adopted, and has the effect of micro-expansion, because the slurry contains a large amount of water, if the steel slag powder is not added, the water is evaporated so fast that the slurry on the straw is easy to crack; the effect of micro-expansion of the steel slag powder effectively overcomes the defects, and has the functions of limiting cracking and filling micro-cracks. In the preparation method, the water reducer is adopted, so that the water consumption can be effectively reduced, and the risk of slurry hanging cracking is reduced.
5. The water of the invention adopts the flushing water for removing the residual sodium hydroxide on the straws in the step (2), thereby effectively utilizing the raw materials; the added water washing liquid can fully impregnate rice straw, so that more thorough slurry adhesion is realized; the alkaline water washing liquid is used as a solvent of the slurry, so that the admixture (fly ash, slag and steel slag powder) can be excited, and the hardening strength of the slurry is improved; the low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol is added into the slurry, so that the adhesive property is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a straw artificial fish reef prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a column in the artificial fish reef of straw prepared by the invention (straw can be seen).
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a pillar in the artificial fish reef of straw (straw not shown) prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the present invention with the provision of uprights or cross-members.
Detailed Description
The methods according to the invention are further described in connection with some embodiments. Specific examples for further details of the invention, not to limit the scope of the invention, unless otherwise specified, the methods and materials employed in the examples of the invention are all routine in the art.
As shown in fig. 1: the invention relates to a straw fish reef, which comprises a frame 1 and straw 2 arranged on the frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-type frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams 1.1 and upright 1.2 columns which are mutually and vertically connected; the rice straw rolling machine is characterized in that the rice straw is rolled on the upright posts, a plurality of bundles of rice straw are arranged on each upright post in sequence along the length direction of the upright posts, one end of each bundle of rice straw is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of rice straw is naturally scattered all around.
According to the invention, the rice straw is used as the main material of the fish reef for the first time, and the rice straw does not cause environmental pollution due to nutritional ingredients and is beneficial to degradation, so that a more natural and nutritional growth environment can be provided for marine organisms, the growth and attachment of the marine organisms are more beneficial, and the structure is simple and portable, and convenient to pick and repair.
Fig. 2-3 show: each upright post 1.2 is provided with a sleeve ring 3, the sleeve rings are axially sleeved on the upright posts, the inner diameter of the sleeve rings is larger than the outer diameter of the upright posts, and the rice straws penetrate out from the holes between the sleeve rings and the upright posts; at least one stop rod 4 is radially arranged below the lantern ring on the upright post and is used for axially limiting the lantern ring; by adopting the structure, the straws can be bound on the upright posts, and meanwhile, the straws can be well limited and fixed by the arrangement of the lantern ring.
Fig. 2 shows: the straw passes through the lantern ring and is further provided with stirrups 5 for fixing the straw on the upright post. The stirrups may be made of an elastic material or a material that can be tensioned. The hooping can be arranged above or below the lantern ring or both above and below, so that the rice straw is more tightly connected with the upright post.
Fig. 1 shows: the upper part of the frame 1 is provided with a buoy 6 which is connected with the frame 1 through a marine cable 6.1 (or a hose) and is used for controlling the delivery depth of the grass carp reef.
Fig. 2 shows: the cross beams and the stand columns of the frame are hollow plastic pipes, hollow stainless steel pipes, hollow aluminum alloy pipes and the like; the pipe is used as a frame, so that the weight can be reduced, and the corrosion pollution to the water body can be prevented.
Fig. 1 shows: the lower end of the frame is provided with an anchoring structure 7 through a marine cable; the structure can ensure the throwing depth of the grass carp reef. Such as stone blocks, ceramic blocks, etc., can pull the reef without floating to the water surface.
As shown in figure 4, the upright posts and the cross beams are hollow, and small holes 8 are formed in the upright posts and the cross beams; by adopting the structure, nutrient solution or oxygen and the like can be introduced into the fish reef through the upright posts and the cross beams, so that nutrition is provided for the sea area. The marine cable is bound with a sealing pipe or directly adopts a hollow hose for conveying oxygen or nutrient solution to the fish reef.
As shown in figure 1, the lower ends of the upright posts 1.2 are provided with extension sections 1.3 which can be spliced with seabed sludge; the structure can improve the stability of the throwing position of the grass carp reef and is more beneficial to the attachment and growth of seaweed and shellfish.
As shown in fig. 1, the frame is further provided with a flow velocity detector 9 (such as a commercially available doppler flow velocity detector) and a temperature detector 10 (such as the development of a 51-singlechip-based ocean temperature detector or other commercially available instruments suitable for ocean temperature detection reported in the 35 th year of 2010 of microcomputer information), and the structure can be used for detecting the detection flow velocity of ocean current and knowing the nutrition residence time and the fish gathering effect; the monitoring of temperature can conveniently judge the kinds of throwing different fishes, shellfishes and the nutrient substances and the like of throwing into to the convenient combination with concrete fish reef rim border, better improvement fish reef's result of use. The flow rate detection instrument and the temperature detection instrument can be self-powered or electrically connected.
The specific preparation embodiment of the straw artificial fish reef comprises the following steps:
Example 1
(1) Firstly, taking fresh rice straw with rice removed, soaking the rice straw in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and soaking the rice straw in a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 4% for 12 hours;
(2) Taking out the rice straw after the soaking is finished, leaching out sodium hydroxide on the surface, then placing the rice straw into an alkyl glucoside solution, soaking the rice straw into the alkyl glucoside solution for surface modification, wherein the mass percent concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 10%, soaking for 5 minutes, and taking out;
(3) Carrying out slurry hanging on the rice straw subjected to surface modification in the step (2), wherein slurry hanging is carried out for two times, and the raw material components of the first slurry are as follows: 120 parts of cement, 90 parts of mineral powder, 50 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of steel slag powder, 1.5 parts of water reducer, 3 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol and 450 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2); the raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 120 parts of cement, 90 parts of mineral powder, 50 parts of fly ash, 500 parts of sand, 25 parts of steel slag powder, 1.5 parts of water reducer, 3 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 450 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2), and 3% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement; airing the rice straws after the completion of the slurry hanging;
(4) Preparing a fish reef frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and vertically connected; and (3) rolling the straws obtained after the treatment in the step (3) on the upright posts, wherein each upright post is provided with a plurality of bundles which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the upright post, one end of each bundle of straws is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of straws is naturally scattered all around.
The simple two-layer slurry-coated cement paste is prepared into a solid test block, the compressive strength of the solid test block is 65MPa, the flexural strength of the cement paste is 11MPa, and the tensile strength of the cement paste is 6MPa; the tensile strength of the rice straw after twice slurry hanging and air drying is 4.5MPa.
The biological attachment amount is 140-150g/m 2 after three months in the sea area of the boat and mountain.
Example 2
(1) Firstly, taking fresh rice straw with rice removed, soaking the rice straw in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and soaking the rice straw in a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 3% for 11 hours;
(2) Taking out the rice straw after the soaking is finished, leaching out sodium hydroxide on the surface, then placing the rice straw into an alkyl glucoside solution, soaking the rice straw into the alkyl glucoside solution for surface modification, wherein the mass percent concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 10%, soaking for 4 minutes, and taking out;
(3) Carrying out slurry hanging on the rice straw subjected to surface modification in the step (2), wherein slurry hanging is carried out for two times, and the raw material components of the first slurry are as follows: 110 parts of cement, 80 parts of mineral powder, 42 parts of fly ash, 23 parts of steel slag powder, 1 part of water reducer, 3 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol and 420 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2);
The raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 110 parts of cement, 80 parts of mineral powder, 42 parts of fly ash, 450 parts of sand, 23 parts of steel slag powder, 1 part of water reducer, 3 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 420 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2), and 3% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement; airing the rice straws after the completion of the slurry hanging;
(4) Preparing a fish reef frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and vertically connected; and (3) rolling the straws obtained after the treatment in the step (3) on the upright posts, wherein each upright post is provided with a plurality of bundles which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the upright post, one end of each bundle of straws is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of straws is naturally scattered all around.
The pure two-layer slurry-coated cement paste is prepared into a solid test block, the compressive strength of the solid test block is 60MPa, the flexural strength of the cement paste is 10MPa, and the tensile strength of the solid test block is 5MPa; the tensile strength of the rice straw after twice slurry hanging and air drying is 4.5MPa.
The biological attachment amount is 120-130g/m 2 in three months between 3-5 months in the sea area of the boat and the mountain.
Example 3
(1) Firstly, taking fresh rice straw with rice removed, soaking the rice straw in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and soaking the rice straw in a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 5% for 10 hours;
(2) Taking out the rice straw after the soaking is finished, leaching out sodium hydroxide on the surface, then placing the rice straw into an alkyl glucoside solution, soaking the rice straw into the alkyl glucoside solution for surface modification, wherein the mass percent concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 12%, soaking the rice straw for 3 minutes, and taking out the rice straw;
(3) Carrying out slurry hanging on the rice straw subjected to surface modification in the step (2), wherein slurry hanging is carried out for two times, and the raw material components of the first slurry are as follows: 150 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral powder, 60 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of steel slag powder, 2 parts of water reducer, 4 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol and 480 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2);
The raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 150 parts of cement, 120 parts of mineral powder, 60 parts of fly ash, 540 parts of sand, 30 parts of steel slag powder, 2 parts of water reducer, 4 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 480 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2), and 4% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement; airing the rice straws after the completion of the slurry hanging;
(4) Preparing a fish reef frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and vertically connected; and (3) rolling the straws obtained after the treatment in the step (3) on the upright posts, wherein each upright post is provided with a plurality of bundles which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the upright post, one end of each bundle of straws is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of straws is naturally scattered all around.
The pure two-layer slurry-coated cement paste is prepared into a solid test block, the compressive strength of the solid test block is 55MPa, the flexural strength of the cement paste is 8MPa, and the tensile strength of the solid test block is 4.5MPa; the tensile strength of the rice straw after twice slurry hanging and air drying is 4MPa.
The biological attachment amount is 135-140g/m 2 in three months between 3-5 months in the sea area of the boat and the mountain.
The water quality of three months between 3-5 months in the mountain sea area where the grass carp reef of the invention is placed is compared with the water quality standard (GB 3097) of Chinese sea water, the specific details of which are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 detection results of heavy metal ion leaching concentration
The straw fish reef provided by the invention can effectively reduce the pollution to seawater, and can well exert the effect of the artificial fish reef.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a straw fish reef which is characterized in that, straw fish reef includes the frame and sets up the straw on the frame, the frame include cuboid or square frame body, the frame top be provided with cursory, cursory be connected with the frame through marine hawser or hose, be used for controlling the delivery degree of depth of straw fish reef, the frame body comprises a plurality of cross beams and stand that mutually perpendicular connects, stand and crossbeam be the cavity setting, and be provided with the aperture on stand and the cross beam, all be provided with the lantern ring on every stand, the lantern ring axial cover be fit on the stand, the internal diameter of lantern ring is greater than the external diameter of stand, the straw wear out from the hole between lantern ring and the stand; at least one stop rod is radially arranged below the lantern ring on the upright post and used for axially limiting the lantern ring, and an anchoring structure is arranged at the lower end of the frame through a pull rope; the lower ends of the upright posts are provided with extension sections which can be spliced with the seabed sludge; the frame is also provided with a flow velocity detector and a temperature detector; the rice straw rolling machine is characterized in that the rice straw rolling machine is arranged on the upright posts, a plurality of bundles of rice straw are arranged on each upright post in sequence along the length direction of the upright posts, one end of each bundle of rice straw is bound and fixed on the upright posts, the other end of each bundle of rice straw is naturally scattered all around, the rice straw is soaked and modified by NaOH solution and alkyl glucoside solution, and the rice straw fish reef is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Firstly, taking fresh rice straw with rice removed, soaking the rice straw in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and soaking the rice straw in a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 3-5% for 10-15 h;
(2) Taking out the rice straw after the soaking is finished, leaching out sodium hydroxide on the surface, then placing the rice straw into an alkyl glucoside solution, soaking the rice straw into the alkyl glucoside solution for surface modification, wherein the mass percent concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 8-12%, soaking for 3-6 minutes, and taking out;
(3) Carrying out slurry hanging on the rice straw subjected to surface modification in the step (2), wherein slurry hanging is carried out for two times, and the raw material components of the first slurry are as follows: 100-150 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of mineral powder, 40-60 parts of fly ash, 20-30 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 2-5 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol and 400-500 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2);
The raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 100-150 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of mineral powder, 40-60 parts of fly ash, 450-550 parts of sand, 20-30 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 2-5 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 400-500 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2), and 3-5% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement; airing the rice straws after the completion of the slurry hanging;
(4) Preparing a fish reef frame, wherein the frame comprises a cuboid or cube-shaped frame body, and the frame body is composed of a plurality of cross beams and stand columns which are mutually and vertically connected; rolling the straws obtained after the treatment in the step (3) on the upright posts, wherein each upright post is provided with a plurality of bundles of straws which are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the upright post, one end of each bundle of straws is bound and fixed on the upright post, and the other end of each bundle of straws naturally spreads around.
2. A straw fish reef according to claim 1, wherein: the straw is also provided with stirrups after passing through the lantern rings, and the stirrups are used for fixing the straw on the upright posts.
3. A straw fish reef according to claim 1, wherein: the cross beam and the upright post of the frame are hollow plastic pipes or hollow rust-proof steel pipes or hollow aluminum alloy pipes, the hose is also hollow, and the hollow hose is communicated with the cross beam or the upright post of the frame.
4. A straw fish reef according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration range of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 4%, and the soaking time is 12 hours; the mass percentage concentration of the alkyl glucoside solution is 9-11%, and the soaking time is 4-5 minutes.
5. A straw fish reef according to claim 1, wherein: the primary slurry comprises the following raw material components: 120-140 parts of cement, 80-110 parts of mineral powder, 45-55 parts of fly ash, 22-28 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 3-4 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol and 420-460 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2);
the raw material components of the second slurry are as follows: 120-140 parts of cement, 80-110 parts of mineral powder, 45-55 parts of fly ash, 450-550 parts of sand, 22-28 parts of steel slag powder, 1-2 parts of water reducer, 3-4 parts of low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol, 420-460 parts of leacheate obtained by leaching sodium hydroxide on the surface in the step (2), and 3-5% of modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber by weight of cement.
6. A straw fish reef according to claim 1, wherein: the sand is fine sand with fineness less than 2.2 fineness modulus; the inner layer of the slurry hanging thickness is 2-3mm, the outer layer is 2-3mm, and the total thickness is 4-5mm.
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| CN114956305B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-09-12 | 广州城建职业学院 | Ecological reconstruction method of drainage ditch of culture pond and straw carrier brick |
| CN115474567B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-12-29 | 南京农业大学 | Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof |
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