CN110257741B - Extrusion method of SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
An extrusion method of SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section bar relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite material processing. The invention aims to solve the problem that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is easy to crack in extrusion. The method comprises the following steps: heating and preserving heat of the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot, then cooling the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot to room temperature in air, heating the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot, placing the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an extruder, extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an aluminum-clad extrusion or conical die extrusion mode, carrying out solid solution treatment after extrusion, then carrying out water quenching, and finally carrying out aging treatment to obtain the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum-based composite material section. The invention can obtain an extrusion method of the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite processing.
Background
The metal material has the advantages of high strength, good plasticity, impact toughness and the like, but the corrosion resistance of the metal material is poor, and the ceramic has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material can combine the advantages of metal and ceramic together, thereby effectively improving the performance of a matrix material, and has the characteristics of high strength, high heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high elastic modulus and the like, so that the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material becomes a novel material with great development potential.
The novel aluminum-based composite material is one of main development directions of traction and demand of novel materials in aerospace and aviation, is used for more bearing members such as an airbag buffer plate of a novel manned deep space exploration spacecraft and a diagonal support of a patrol car, and gradually becomes the technical field of urgent development in structural design and process manufacturing processes of novel manned spacecraft, a deep space detector, a repeatable return satellite and the like. Due to the characteristics of the ceramic, the elongation of the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite is low, and therefore, the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prone to edge cracking and cracking during extrusion, as shown in fig. 3.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is easy to crack, and provides an extrusion method of a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite sectional material.
An extrusion method of a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating a SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 5-8 h, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot;
and secondly, preserving the temperature of the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot obtained in the first step at 430-470 ℃ for 1-2 h, then placing the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an extruder, extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an aluminum-clad extrusion or conical die extrusion mode, carrying out solution treatment at 470-550 ℃ for 2-4 h after extrusion, then carrying out water quenching, and carrying out aging treatment at 160-180 ℃ for 5-7 h to obtain the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum-based composite material profile.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to an extrusion method of a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile, which respectively adopts aluminum-clad extrusion and conical die extrusion to extrude a SiC/6092 aluminum matrix ingot, and the SiC/6092 aluminum matrix ingot does not have the phenomena of edge cracking and cracking in the processes of aluminum-clad extrusion and conical die extrusion, thereby solving the problems that the elongation of the composite material is low after a metal matrix is reinforced by ceramic particles, the edge cracking and cracking are easy to occur in the extrusion process, and breaking through the core technology in the extrusion process of the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
2. The SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high strength, high elastic modulus, high wear resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and the like, has huge application potential, can be used in the fields of national defense, aerospace, transportation and the like, and supports the urgent need of high-tech fields represented by manned space on metal matrix composite materials.
The invention can obtain an extrusion method of the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile extruded by aluminum-clad extrusion in example II;
fig. 2 is a section of SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite extruded by a conical die extrusion in the third example;
FIG. 3 shows the phenomenon that the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile has edge cracks and cracks in extrusion.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment of the invention relates to an extrusion method of a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating a SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 5-8 h, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot;
and secondly, preserving the temperature of the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot obtained in the first step at 430-470 ℃ for 1-2 h, then placing the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an extruder, extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an aluminum-clad extrusion or conical die extrusion mode, carrying out solution treatment at 470-550 ℃ for 2-4 h after extrusion, then carrying out water quenching, and carrying out aging treatment at 160-180 ℃ for 5-7 h to obtain the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum-based composite material profile.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
1. the method for extruding the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section bar respectively adopts the aluminum-coated extrusion and the conical die extrusion to extrude the SiC/6092 aluminum matrix ingot, and the SiC/6092 aluminum matrix ingot does not have the phenomena of edge cracking and cracking in the processes of aluminum-coated extrusion and conical die extrusion, so that the problems that the elongation of the composite material becomes low after the metal matrix is reinforced by ceramic particles and the edge cracking and cracking are easy to occur in the extrusion are solved, and the core technology in the process of extruding the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is broken through.
2. The SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile prepared by the embodiment has the characteristics of high strength, high elastic modulus, high wear resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and the like, has huge application potential, can be used in the fields of national defense, aerospace, transportation and the like, and supports the urgent need of high-tech fields represented by manned space on metal matrix composites.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in the step one is prepared by adopting a stirring casting method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating SiC particles, and drying at 600-650 ℃ after pretreatment to obtain dried SiC particles;
(2) according to the mass ratio of the dried SiC particles to 6092 aluminum alloy of 17: 83 weighing the dried SiC particles and 6092 aluminum alloy respectively;
(3) preserving the temperature of the 6092 aluminum alloy weighed in the step (2) for 10-30 min at the temperature of 680-720 ℃ to obtain 6092 aluminum alloy liquid;
(4) stirring the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (3) at a stirring speed of 200 r/min-300 r/min for 10 min-15 min, then adding the dried SiC particles weighed in the step (2) into the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid within 15s at the temperature of 620-630 ℃, stirring at a stirring speed of 1320 r/min-2300 r/min for 10 min-15 min, continuously stirring at a stirring speed of 200 r/min-300 r/min for 10 min-15 min at the temperature of 650-700 ℃ after stirring, pouring the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid mixed with the SiC particles into a mold, and removing the mold after solidification to obtain the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot.
Other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first or second differences from the present embodiment are as follows: the purity of the SiC particles in step (1) is 98.90%.
The other steps are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: the step (2) of pretreating the SiC particles comprises the following steps:
soaking SiC particles in hydrofluoric acid solution for 48h, mechanically stirring for 20-40 min every 5-6 h in the soaking process, removing supernatant after soaking, adding distilled water, removing supernatant after precipitation, repeatedly cleaning until the pH value of cleaning solution is neutral, drying at 240-260 ℃, and finally sieving by a 500-mesh sieve to obtain the treated SiC particles.
The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the mass fraction of HF in the hydrofluoric acid solution is 5%.
The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the aluminum-clad extrusion in the second step comprises the following steps:
welding a 6061 aluminum alloy at one end of a SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot, then preserving heat for 1-2 h at the temperature of 430-450 ℃, putting the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot into an extruder, and forward extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot under the conditions that the extrusion ratio is 1: 30-35, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 440-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.01-0.1 mm/s, and the extrusion force is 90-120 MPa by taking the end of the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot welded with the 6061 aluminum alloy as a head;
the ratio of the diameter of the 6061 aluminum alloy to the diameter of the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is 1: 1, the length ratio is 1-2.5: 25.
the other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the step two of extruding the conical die comprises the following steps:
the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is placed in an extruder after heat preservation for 1-2 h at the temperature of 450-470 ℃, a cone die is used as an extrusion die, the cone angle is 50-60 degrees, and the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is extruded in the forward direction under the conditions that the extrusion ratio is 1: 30-35, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 450-470 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.01-0.1 mm/s, and the extrusion force is 130-150 MPa.
The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is prepared by adopting a stirring casting method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating SiC particles, and drying at 600-650 ℃ after pretreatment to obtain dried SiC particles;
the purity of the SiC particles in the step (1) is 98.90%, and the step of pretreating the SiC particles in the step (1) is as follows: soaking SiC particles in a hydrofluoric acid solution for 48h, mechanically stirring for 30min every 6h in the soaking process, removing supernatant after soaking, adding distilled water, removing supernatant after precipitation, repeatedly cleaning until the pH value of the cleaning solution is neutral, drying at 250 ℃, and finally sieving by a 500-mesh sieve to obtain treated SiC particles; the mass fraction of HF in the hydrofluoric acid solution is 5%;
(2) according to the mass ratio of the dried SiC particles to 6092 aluminum alloy of 17: 83 weighing the dried SiC particles and 6092 aluminum alloy respectively;
(3) putting the 6092 aluminum alloy weighed in the step (2) into a stainless steel crucible, heating to 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 20min to obtain 6092 aluminum alloy liquid;
(4) stirring the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (3) at a stirring speed of 200 r/min-300 r/min for 10 min-15 min, setting the temperature of a control box at 560-630 ℃, measuring the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid by using a thermocouple, adding the dried SiC particles weighed in the step (2) into the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid within 15s when the temperature reaches 620 ℃, stirring at a stirring speed of 2000r/min for 12min, continuously stirring at a stirring speed of 250r/min for 13min after stirring is finished, pouring the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid mixed with the SiC particles into a mold, and removing the mold after solidification to obtain the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85 x 250 mm.
Example two: the method for extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85 x 250mm prepared in the first embodiment by adopting an aluminum-clad extrusion mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85 x 250mm prepared in the first embodiment to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, removing stress in the ingot, softening the ingot, and then air-cooling the ingot to room temperature to obtain the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85 x 250 mm;
welding a 6061 aluminum alloy with the specification of phi 85-20 mm at one end of the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85-250 mm obtained in the step one, then preserving heat for 2 hours at 430 ℃, placing the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an extruder of 750 tons, using the end of the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot welded with the 6061 aluminum alloy as a head, carrying out forward extrusion on the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot under the conditions of an extrusion ratio of 1:35, an extrusion cylinder temperature of 450 ℃, an extrusion speed of 0.1mm/s and extrusion force of 100MPa, carrying out solid solution for 3 hours at the temperature of 540 ℃ after extrusion, then carrying out water quenching, and carrying out aging furnace treatment for 6 hours at the temperature of 170 ℃ to obtain a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum-based composite material profile;
as shown in FIG. 1, the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile obtained in the second step has no edge cracking or cracking phenomenon in the aluminum-clad extrusion process. Through tests, the tensile strength of the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section is 485MPa, the elastic modulus is 97MPa, and the elongation is 7.2%.
Example three: the method for extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85 x 250mm prepared in the first embodiment by adopting a conical die extrusion mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating a SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85-250 mm to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, removing stress in the ingot, achieving a softening effect, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85-250 mm;
secondly, keeping the temperature of the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot with the specification of phi 85 x 250mm at 450 ℃ for 2h, placing the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in a 750 ton extruding machine, using a conical die as an extruding die, using a conical angle of 55 degrees, performing forward extrusion on the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot under the conditions of an extrusion ratio of 1:35, an extruding cylinder temperature of 470 ℃, an extruding speed of 0.05mm/s and an extruding force of 130MPa, performing solid solution at 540 ℃ for 3h after extrusion, performing water quenching, and performing aging treatment for 6h in a 24-meter aging furnace at 170 ℃ to obtain a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum-based composite material profile;
as shown in FIG. 2, the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile obtained in the second step has no edge cracking or cracking phenomenon in the process of extruding the conical die. Through tests, the tensile strength of the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material section is 500MPa, the elastic modulus is 100MPa, and the elongation is 6%.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment:
1. a method for extruding a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile is characterized in that an aluminum-clad extrusion mode and a conical die extrusion mode are respectively adopted to extrude a SiC/6092 aluminum matrix cast ingot, and the SiC/6092 aluminum matrix cast ingot does not have the phenomena of edge cracking and cracking in the aluminum-clad extrusion and conical die extrusion processes, so that the problems that the elongation of the composite material is low after a metal matrix is reinforced by ceramic particles, the edge cracking and cracking are easy to occur in the extrusion process are solved, and the core technology in the extrusion process of the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite is broken through.
2. The SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite profile prepared by the embodiment has the characteristics of high strength, high elastic modulus, high wear resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and the like, has huge application potential, can be used in the fields of national defense, aerospace, transportation and the like, and supports the urgent need of high-tech fields represented by manned space on metal matrix composites.
Claims (5)
1. The extrusion method of the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, heating a SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 5-8 h, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot;
secondly, preserving the temperature of the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot obtained in the first step at 430-470 ℃ for 1-2 h, then placing the cooled SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an extruder, extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot in an aluminum-clad extrusion or conical die extrusion mode, carrying out solution treatment at 470-550 ℃ for 2-4 h after extrusion, then carrying out water quenching, and carrying out aging treatment at 160-180 ℃ for 5-7 h to obtain a SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum-based composite material profile;
the aluminum-clad extrusion in the second step comprises the following steps:
welding a 6061 aluminum alloy at one end of a SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot, then preserving heat for 1-2 h at the temperature of 430-450 ℃, putting the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot into an extruder, and forward extruding the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot under the conditions that the extrusion ratio is 1: 30-35, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 440-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.01-0.1 mm/s, and the extrusion force is 90-120 MPa by taking the end of the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot welded with the 6061 aluminum alloy as a head; the ratio of the diameter of the 6061 aluminum alloy to the diameter of the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is 1: 1, the length ratio is 1-2.5: 25;
the step two of extruding the conical die comprises the following steps:
the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is placed in an extruder after heat preservation for 1-2 h at the temperature of 450-470 ℃, a cone die is used as an extrusion die, the cone angle is 50-60 degrees, and the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot is extruded in the forward direction under the conditions that the extrusion ratio is 1: 30-35, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 450-470 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.01-0.1 mm/s, and the extrusion force is 130-150 MPa.
2. The method for extruding the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile according to the claim 1, wherein the SiC/6092 aluminum matrix ingot in the step one is prepared by a stirring casting method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating SiC particles, and drying at 600-650 ℃ after pretreatment to obtain dried SiC particles;
(2) according to the mass ratio of the dried SiC particles to 6092 aluminum alloy of 17: 83 weighing the dried SiC particles and 6092 aluminum alloy respectively;
(3) preserving the temperature of the 6092 aluminum alloy weighed in the step (2) for 10-30 min at the temperature of 680-720 ℃ to obtain 6092 aluminum alloy liquid;
(4) stirring the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (3) at a stirring speed of 200 r/min-300 r/min for 10 min-15 min, then adding the dried SiC particles weighed in the step (2) into the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid within 15s at the temperature of 620-630 ℃, stirring at a stirring speed of 1320 r/min-2300 r/min for 10 min-15 min, continuously stirring at a stirring speed of 200 r/min-300 r/min for 10 min-15 min at the temperature of 650-700 ℃ after stirring, pouring the 6092 aluminum alloy liquid mixed with the SiC particles into a mold, and removing the mold after solidification to obtain the SiC/6092 aluminum-based ingot.
3. The method for extruding the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile as claimed in claim 2, wherein the purity of the SiC particles in the step (1) is 98.90%.
4. The method for extruding the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material profile as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of pretreating the SiC particles in the step (1) is as follows:
soaking SiC particles in hydrofluoric acid solution for 48h, mechanically stirring for 20-40 min every 5-6 h in the soaking process, removing supernatant after soaking, adding distilled water, removing supernatant after precipitation, repeatedly cleaning until the pH value of cleaning solution is neutral, drying at 240-260 ℃, and finally sieving by a 500-mesh sieve to obtain the treated SiC particles.
5. The method for extruding the SiC particle reinforced 6092 aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the HF solution contains 5% by weight of HF.
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