CN110221444B - Imaging system - Google Patents
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- CN110221444B CN110221444B CN201910492296.6A CN201910492296A CN110221444B CN 110221444 B CN110221444 B CN 110221444B CN 201910492296 A CN201910492296 A CN 201910492296A CN 110221444 B CN110221444 B CN 110221444B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/288—Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4261—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element with major polarization dependent properties
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, and discloses an imaging system, which realizes the selection of an imaging area and the improvement of the overall performance by combining a new light beam deflection mode with light supplement. The imaging system comprises an image sensor, a lens and a light supplementing device, wherein the light supplementing device is used for emitting light with a selected wavelength to a target scene during photographing; a light beam filtering module and a light beam selecting module are arranged in the lens; the light beam selection module is used for selecting and switching light beams in a specific area of a target scene based on a polarization grating, and the polarization grating is used for realizing light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling a periodic structure of a material; the light beam filtering module is used for filtering incident light of a non-selected specific area of an external scene; the diffraction efficiency of each polarization grating in the light beam selection module is highest in the position corresponding to the specific wavelength range emitted by the light supplementing device, and the diffraction efficiency is reduced along with the increase of the wavelength deviation in other wavelength bands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to an imaging system.
Background
In recent years, attention has been paid to a light beam control technique. Especially, the light field regulation and control technology based on the novel optical device is most popular in research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose an imaging system, which realizes the selection of an imaging area and the improvement of the overall performance by combining a new light beam deflection mode with light supplement.
To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses an imaging system, comprising an image sensor, a lens and a light supplement device, wherein:
the light supplementing device is used for emitting light with a selected wavelength to a target scene during photographing;
a light beam filtering module and a light beam selecting module are arranged in the lens;
the light beam selection module is used for selecting and switching light beams in a specific area of a target scene based on a polarization grating, and the polarization grating is used for realizing light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling a periodic structure of a material;
the light beam filtering module is used for filtering incident light of a non-selected specific area of an external scene;
the diffraction efficiency of each polarization grating in the light beam selection module is highest in the position corresponding to the specific wavelength range emitted by the light supplementing device, and the diffraction efficiency is reduced along with the increase of the wavelength deviation in other wavelength bands.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps that light beam selection and switching of a specific area of a target scene are achieved based on a polarization grating of a light beam selection module, and incident light of a non-selected specific area of an external scene is filtered by the aid of a light beam filtering module; meanwhile, a more multidimensional and closed-loop specific wavelength light beam is selected according to the parameter corresponding relation between the wavelength of the light supplementing device and the diffraction efficiency of the polarization grating. Therefore, the interference of external ambient light can be effectively avoided, and the high precision of imaging is ensured; and ensures quality matching of different scene images.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a correspondence between a coverage area of a light supplement device on a target scene and a region selection and switching of a lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic structural diagrams of a light beam selection module and a corresponding light beam filtering module.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
The present embodiment discloses an imaging system.
The imaging system of the embodiment comprises an image sensor, a lens and a light supplementing device. Wherein: the light supplementing equipment is used for emitting light with a selected wavelength to a target scene during photographing; preferably, the wavelength range of the light source provided by the light supplement device is between 700 nm and 1600nm, and further, the brightness of the light source is adjustable. A light beam filtering module and a light beam selecting module are arranged in the lens; the light beam selection module is used for selecting and switching light beams in a specific area of a target scene based on a polarization grating, and the polarization grating is used for realizing light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling a periodic structure of a material; the light beam filtering module is used for filtering incident light of a non-selected specific area of the external scene.
Optionally, in this embodiment, reference may be made to fig. 1 for a corresponding relationship between a coverage area (corresponding to a large circle in a diagram) of a target scene by the light supplement device and a region selection (corresponding to 4 small circles in different switching states in the large circle) and a switching of a lens.
In this embodiment, the diffraction efficiency of each polarization grating in the light beam selection module is the highest in a specific wavelength range corresponding to the light supplement device, and the diffraction efficiency is reduced in other wavelength bands as the wavelength deviation increases. Therefore, a more multidimensional and closed-loop specific wavelength light beam is selected by using the parameter corresponding relation between the wavelength of the light supplementing equipment and the diffraction efficiency of the polarization grating. Therefore, light beams in other wave bands are filtered to a certain degree, external ambient light interference is effectively avoided, and high imaging precision is ensured; and ensures quality matching of different scene images.
Optionally, the beam selection module of this embodiment includes at least one first-class lens group, where each first-class lens group is respectively composed of a polarization grating and an electrically controlled liquid crystal cell; each electric control liquid crystal box is provided with at least two states; in the state set of the electric control liquid crystal boxes arranged by all the light beam selection modules, all the state subsets respectively correspond to image subregions which are not completely overlapped outside the lens one by one; simultaneously: the beam selection module further comprises: and the electronic control unit is used for programming the corresponding electronic control liquid crystal boxes to realize the acquisition of the corresponding image sub-regions in a state switching manner, and the relative displacement motion among the components does not occur in the switching process of the image sub-regions.
In the single-stage first lens group shown in fig. 2 and 3, the electrically controlled liquid crystal cell adopts a TN structure, and the electrically controlled liquid crystal cell of fig. 2 is in a high voltage state, and the electrically controlled liquid crystal cell of fig. 3 is in a low voltage state. The TN structure electric control liquid crystal box is equivalent to only transmitting light beams under the high voltage state, and converts left-handed circularly polarized light into right-handed circularly polarized light and converts right-handed circularly polarized light into left-handed circularly polarized light under the low voltage state; correspondingly, the 1/4 wave plate is used to convert left-handed (i.e. clockwise) circularly polarized light into horizontally linearly polarized light and right-handed (i.e. counterclockwise) circularly polarized light into vertically linearly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light adopts a horizontally linearly polarized light plate, so as to filter out vertically linearly polarized light. Therefore, the electric control liquid crystal box respectively corresponds to two different sub-areas of the external image to respectively enter the lens and finally form an image in a high voltage state and a low voltage state.
As a variation, the cascade structure of the plurality of lens-like groups can achieve magnification of the field angle of the external selection area. There are other variants of the arrangement of a set of lenses, and the specific embodiments thereof can be referred to the related patents which the applicant has previously filed. And will not be described in detail.
It is worth noting that: when the scheme of the embodiment is applied to image imaging of more than two dimensions, especially for professional cameras such as TOF cameras and the like, it is required that pixel points in an external scene can correspond to a two-dimensional array on an image sensor. Therefore, in the light beam selection module formed by the cascade structure comprising at least two stages of lens groups of the same type, the following requirements are also met: the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings in odd groups are kept on the same plane, and the images corresponding to pixel points in one dimension are collected, such as an X axis; and the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings in the even sets are maintained in another plane perpendicular to the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings in the odd sets to correspond to image acquisition of pixel points in another dimension, such as the Y-axis.
Optionally, the specific structure of the beam selection module in this embodiment may also adopt the following manner, which includes:
and the rotating device is used for driving the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate so as to drive the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beams reaching the image sensor rotate along with the corresponding polarization gratings to realize the light beam selection and switching of a specific area of a target scene.
Compared with the mode of electrically controlling the liquid crystal cell, the mode based on the rotating device can realize smooth switching of the external target scene selection area, and the external scene area corresponding to the rotating process is continuous. The substantial effect of the polarization grating in this mode is the same as that of the electrically controlled liquid crystal cell, and both are used for realizing the diffraction and deflection of the light beam, which are not described in detail.
Because the polarization grating is used for deflecting the light beam, the factors such as some deployed physical parameters and dynamic focusing are combined, and the problem of a dead zone in the center of a target scene is easily caused. For this purpose, preferably, in this rotation mode, at least two secondary optical lens groups are included in the beam selection module, and each of the secondary optical lens groups is formed by attaching one of the polarization gratings to a vertical surface of a wedge prism (so-called vertical surface is a surface on which a connecting line perpendicular to the upper and lower sides in a cross-sectional image is located) so as to rotate synchronously; when the second-class optical lens groups and the internal components of the other light beam selection module at each level are at specific at least one group of relative positions (preferably, when the two-class optical lens groups are specifically deployed, the two optical lens groups are taken as a unit, the arrangement modes of the units are consistent, two polarization gratings in each unit are adjacently arranged, and when the whole number of the optical lens groups is odd, the arrangement mode of the optical lens groups which are not formed into the unit is consistent with that of the optical lens groups on the odd-numbered level), the light beams finally emitted to a scanning object are not deflected, so that blind-area-free scanning is realized.
The principle of the solution of the blind area is as follows: by matching with the light beam deflection characteristic of the wedge-shaped prism, when the light beam is scanned in a dead zone in the traditional sense, the wedge-shaped prism corrects the deflection of the light beam caused by the polarization grating, and the problem of the central dead zone scanned by a single type of device is effectively solved; after the blind area is scanned, the scanning of other areas is switched to through the relative displacement change between the lens groups.
Similarly, as a variation, the cascade structure of the two types of optical lens sets can achieve magnification of the field angle of the external selection area. There are other variants regarding the arrangement of the two types of optical lens sets, and the specific embodiments thereof can refer to the related patents that the applicant has previously filed. And will not be described in detail.
Preferably, in this embodiment, an optical filter corresponding to a specific wavelength range emitted by the light supplement device is further disposed in front of the lens.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 above, the beam filtering module includes a linear polarizer and further includes 1/4 waveplates. In some variant applications, the beam-filtering module is primarily a linear polarizer when the cell can be integrated with a similar function of the 1/4 waveplate (e.g., an electrically controlled cell of ECB or OCB construction). In addition, some conventional designs of the lens, such as sidewall structures parallel to the optical path, can also block a portion of the incident light that is deflected over a large non-target scene area after passing through the linear polarizer.
In this embodiment, when a light beam passes through the polarization grating, the outgoing light beam deflection angle is a vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle. Wherein, the polarization grating in this embodiment is further configured to: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light in the deflection process; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
Optionally, the transmitted light beam of the polarization grating of the present embodiment is concentrated in:
deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into minus one (-1) diffraction orders; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a plus one (+1) diffraction order; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is polarized into left-circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right-circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order.
It is worth mentioning that: because the actual functions of the internal polarization gratings at all levels have certain differences, the relation of 'and/or' is adopted in the expression. The difference is mainly reflected in that: for the polarization gratings of the first type or second type of optical lens set closest to the external scene, there are both unpolarized incident light and left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and for the other polarization gratings, there are usually only left-handed and/or right-handed circularly polarized light. For those skilled in the art, the corresponding techniques are clear and not easy to be ambiguous, and are not described in detail later.
Alternatively, the polarization grating optical property modifying material of the present embodiment may be made of liquid crystal or liquid crystal polymer. Alternatively, the polarization grating optical property modifying material can be made of a metal super-surface or a dielectric super-surface. The super-surface is an ultrathin two-dimensional array plane consisting of a series of sub-wavelength artificial microstructures, has the characteristics of relatively simple manufacture, relatively low loss, small volume, ultrathin thickness and the like, and can realize effective regulation and control on the aspects of amplitude, phase, propagation mode, polarization state and the like of electromagnetic waves.
In summary, the imaging system disclosed in this embodiment has the following advantages:
the method comprises the steps that light beam selection and switching of a specific area of a target scene are achieved based on a polarization grating of a light beam selection module, and incident light of a non-selected specific area of an external scene is filtered by the aid of a light beam filtering module; meanwhile, a more multidimensional and closed-loop specific wavelength light beam is selected according to the parameter corresponding relation between the wavelength of the light supplementing device and the diffraction efficiency of the polarization grating. Therefore, the interference of external ambient light can be effectively avoided, and the high precision of imaging is ensured; and ensures quality matching of different scene images.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. An imaging system, includes image sensor, camera lens and light filling equipment, its characterized in that:
the light supplementing device is used for emitting light with a selected wavelength to a target scene during photographing;
a light beam filtering module and a light beam selecting module are arranged in the lens;
the light beam selection module is used for selecting and switching light beams in a specific area of a target scene based on a polarization grating, and the polarization grating is used for realizing light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling a periodic structure of a material;
the light beam filtering module is used for filtering incident light of a non-selected specific area of an external scene;
the diffraction efficiency of each polarization grating in the light beam selection module is highest in the position corresponding to the specific wavelength range emitted by the light supplementing device, and the diffraction efficiency is reduced along with the increase of the wavelength deviation in other wavelength bands.
2. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the beam selection module comprises at least one class of lens groups, each class of lens group comprising a polarization grating and an electrically controlled liquid crystal cell; each electric control liquid crystal box is provided with at least two states; in the state set of the electric control liquid crystal boxes arranged by all the light beam selection modules, all the state subsets respectively correspond to image subregions which are not completely overlapped outside the lens one by one; and the beam selection module further comprises:
and the electronic control unit is used for programming the corresponding electronic control liquid crystal boxes to realize the acquisition of the corresponding image sub-regions in a state switching manner, and the relative displacement motion among the components does not occur in the switching process of the image sub-regions.
3. The imaging system of claim 2, wherein the beam selection module comprises a cascade of at least two stages of one-class lens sets, and wherein:
the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings in the odd groups are kept on the same plane; and
the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings in the even sets are maintained in another plane perpendicular to the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings in the odd sets.
4. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the beam selection module comprises:
and the rotating device is used for driving the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate so as to drive the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beams reaching the image sensor rotate along with the corresponding polarization gratings to realize the light beam selection and switching of a specific area of a target scene.
5. The imaging system of claim 4, wherein at least two class two sets of optics are included in the beam selection module, each of the class two sets of optics being vertically integrated by one of the polarization gratings and one of the wedge prisms for synchronous rotation;
when the inner components of the second class optical lens groups and the other light beam selection modules are at least one specific group of relative positions, the light beams finally emitted to the scanning object are not deflected to realize non-blind-area scanning.
6. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein an optical filter corresponding to a specific wavelength range emitted by the fill-in light device is further disposed in front of the lens.
7. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the beam filtering module comprises a linear polarizer.
8. The imaging system of claim 6, wherein the beam filtering module further comprises 1/4 waveplates.
9. The imaging system of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polarization grating is further configured to: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light in the deflection process; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
10. The imaging system of claim 9, wherein the transmitted beam of the polarization grating is centered between:
deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into a negative diffraction order; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a positive diffraction order; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is polarized into left-circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right-circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order.
11. The imaging system of claim 10, wherein the polarization grating optical property modifying material is made of liquid crystal or liquid crystal polymer.
12. The imaging system of claim 10, wherein the polarization grating optical property modifying material is made of a metallic or dielectric meta-surface.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110687542A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-14 | 深圳奥锐达科技有限公司 | Off-axis scanning distance measuring system and method |
| CN113075691A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | TOF depth sensing module and image generation method |
| CN113075641A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | TOF depth sensing module and image generation method |
| CN111175769B (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳奥锐达科技有限公司 | Off-axis scanning distance measuring system |
| CN116095506B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-17 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Imaging control method, equipment, mobile terminal and storage medium |
| CN113946034B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-09-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Broadband chiral spectrum analysis and large-view-field imaging system and design method |
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