CN110221346B - Data noise suppression method based on residual block full convolution neural network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data noise suppression method based on a residual block full convolution neural network. The training set and the test set for suppressing the seismic noise by applying the deep learning method are both from the same data set, so that the generalization of the model is limited. In order to solve the generalization problem, the design idea of the network structure is to fuse a double residual block on the basis of the Unet network so as to enhance the capture capability of the network on random noise. The invention is established on an end-to-end coding-decoding network structure, takes noisy seismic data as input, and extracts essential characteristics of random noise by a plurality of convolution layers and residual blocks to form codes; and then a plurality of deconvolution layers and residual blocks form decoding, and the output of the network is the seismic data after noise suppression. Compared with the existing seismic data denoising method, the method has the advantages of obvious generalization, effective suppression of random noise and effective signal protection due to the fact that the double residual blocks are fused to carry out secondary digestion learning on the extracted random noise features and the intrinsic features of the noise are more fully learned.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data noise suppression, in particular to earthquake random noise suppression.
Background
The traditional seismic data denoising method comprises f-k domain filtering, f-x domain denoising, wavelet transformation, curvelet transformation, discrete cosine transformation and the like. The method is widely applied to the field of seismic data denoising, but the problems of insufficient denoising capability, effective signal damage and the like still exist.
In recent years, with the development of deep learning techniques, researchers have proposed a method for denoising seismic data by using the deep learning technique. Different from the traditional denoising method, the deep learning belongs to the category of statistical learning, and the statistical learning can be used for learning the essential characteristics of effective signals and noise according to a noise sample and fitting to obtain a model capable of classifying the effective signals and the noise. Due to the advantage of statistical learning, the documents ' Wangyuqing, Luwenkhaki, Liujin forest, and the like, ' seismic random noise suppression [ J ] based on data augmentation and CNN, geophysical newspaper, 2019,62(1):421 and 433 ' propose a method for random noise suppression of seismic data based on a Unet convolution neural network and obtain a certain effect, but the problem is that a training set and a testing set in a post-stack seismic data testing experiment are from the same data set, and the generalization of a model is limited. The document "Ma J. deep Learning for orienting Random and Coherence Noise Simultaneous [ C ]/80 th EAGE Conference and inhibition 2018.2018" proposes that the method for denoising seismic data based on DnCNN can suppress Gaussian Noise, but the data sets used for training and testing are synthetic data, and do not necessarily achieve good Noise suppression effect in the actual seismic data set. The document "Liu J, Lu W, Zhang P. Random Noise extension Using volumetric Neural Networks [ C ]//80th EAGE Conference and inhibition 2018.2018" proposes a seismic Random Noise suppression method based on the Unet Convolutional Neural network, but the data sets are all from synthetic data, and the generalization is limited in the actual seismic data.
Disclosure of Invention
A data noise suppression method based on a residual block full convolution neural network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: making a training set and a test set of seismic data, taking the seismic data with different noise levels and containing noise levels and the seismic data without noise as the training set, and taking the other seismic data different from the data of the training set as the test set;
step 2: designing an end-to-end network structure for coding and decoding, wherein the coding process is composed of 5 groups of double residual blocks with different scales, wherein 4 groups of residual blocks are composed of 5 convolution layers and 1 pooling layer, 1 group of residual blocks are composed of 5 convolution layers, the decoding process is symmetrical to the coding process and is composed of 4 groups of double residual blocks with different scales, wherein 3 groups of residual blocks are composed of 1 deconvolution layer and 5 convolution layers, and 1 group of residual blocks is composed of 1 deconvolution layer and 6 convolution layers and is fused with the characteristics extracted in the corresponding coding stage;
and step 3: training a network and storing a network model;
and 4, step 4: adjusting parameters and selecting a final ideal model;
and 5: and (3) suppressing the random noise of the data by using the ideal denoising model obtained by training, and outputting the seismic data after the random noise suppression.
The method for suppressing data noise based on the full convolution neural network of residual blocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 5 sets of dual residual blocks of the encoding part in step 2 have a scale size of 256 × 256, 128 × 128, 64 × 64, 32 × 32, 16 × 16, respectively, and the 4 sets of dual residual blocks of the decoding part have a scale size of 32 × 32, 64 × 64, 128 × 128, 256 × 256, respectively.
Compared with the prior seismic data denoising method, the method has the following advantages:
(1) the RUnet (namely, the residual block full convolution neural network) can not only effectively suppress random noise, but also protect effective signals;
(2) compared with the Unet convolution neural network, the innovation point of the invention is that the extracted random noise features are subjected to secondary digestion learning due to the fusion of the residual block, and the intrinsic features of the noise are more fully learned, so that the method has obvious advantages in generalization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the random noise suppression of seismic data according to the present invention, in which noisy seismic data with different noise levels are used as a training set of a training model, a RUnet network is built, the training model is selected, an ideal model is selected according to a peak signal-to-noise ratio and a signal-to-noise ratio index, a test set is input into the ideal model, and an output is data after the random noise suppression of the seismic;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a fused double residual block structure in a network structure of the present invention, xi-2An input representing a residual block; f (x)i-2) Representing the noise characteristics extracted by the two convolutional layers; x is the number ofiRepresenting the output characteristic value of the residual block, i.e. xi＝f(xi-2)+xi-2(ii) a CONV denotes a convolutional layer.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an original Unet convolutional neural network structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a RUnet convolutional neural network structure of the present invention, fusing a dual residual block on the basic structure of the original Unet convolutional neural network to perform secondary feature learning on noise features, wherein the dotted line part in the diagram is the dual residual block;
FIG. 5 is an example of denoising implemented in the present invention: a is original data of a training set; b is training set noise data; c is the denoising result of the RUnet in the same data set; d is noise data of the test set; e is the test result of the RUnet in different data sets; f is the noise removed by RUnet.
Detailed Description
In order to effectively remove random noise in seismic data, the RUnet convolutional neural network denoising model is provided, and comprises the following steps.
Step 1: taking the sum of the seismic data containing noise with different noise levels and the preprocessed three-dimensional post-stack seismic data as a training set, and specifically comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting 256 seismic data slices from the Parihaka post-stack three-dimensional seismic data volume, wherein sampling points are 256;
(2) respectively adding 20%, 25% and 30% of Gaussian random noise to seismic data, and taking the Gaussian random noise and corresponding preprocessed seismic data together as a training set, wherein the noise-added seismic data is used as input, the preprocessed seismic data is used as a label, and the sample size is 900;
step 2: the network as a whole comprises an encoding process and a decoding process. The encoding process is composed of 5 groups of residual blocks, each group of residual blocks is composed of 5 convolutional layers and 1 pooling layer, input data of [256 × 256] dimension is encoded into [16 × 16] dimension characteristic information, the size of a convolutional kernel is set to be 3 × 3, and the step size is set to be 1. And each time of the residual block operation, the size of the feature map is compressed to 1/2 of the last operation, and correspondingly, the number of channels of the feature map is 2 times of that of the last residual block operation, so that the feature information is ensured not to be lost. The feature decoding process is composed of 4 sets of residual blocks, each of which is composed of 1 deconvolution layer and 5 convolution layers, and upsamples the [16 × 16] dimensional feature information generated by the encoding process into [256 × 256] dimensional output data. In contrast to the encoding process, each time a residual operation is performed, the size of the feature map is up-sampled by 2 times of the previous residual operation, and the number of channels of the feature map becomes 1/2 of the previous residual operation. And adding the feature map of the corresponding position of the coding part into the feature map of the decoding part to fuse the feature information of different scales. The final output is completed by a convolution layer with convolution kernel size of 1 × 1 and step length of 1 and an activation function tanh, and the function of the layer is similar to that of a full connection layer;
and step 3: inputting the training set obtained in the step 1 into the network model built in the step 2 through a queue, measuring the distance between a real value and a label value output by the network by adopting error back propagation and using a mean square error loss function, adjusting the weight between neurons by using a random gradient descent algorithm to minimize the loss function, judging the network denoising effect through quantitative peak signal-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio and qualitative visual perception, and storing each parameter of the network model after obtaining the optimal denoising effect;
the mean square error formula is:
where y is the true value of the network output,
the smaller the mean square error is, the closer the true value and the predicted value are represented, and the better the learning effect of the network on the training set is;
and 4, step 4: selecting a plurality of seismic data samples from the same three-dimensional data volume as a test set, inputting the seismic data samples into the network model obtained in the step 3, judging the network denoising effect through quantitative peak signal-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio and qualitative visual perception, returning to the step 3 to continue training or adjusting parameters from a new training network if the network denoising effect does not meet the requirements until the network model meets the requirements, and storing the final ideal network model;
and 5: and removing noise of the Kerry seismic data volume by using the stored network model, and outputting the noise-removed seismic data.
Claims (2)
1. A data noise suppression method based on a residual block full convolution neural network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: making a training set and a test set of seismic data, taking the seismic data with different noise levels and containing noise and the seismic data without noise as the training set, and taking the other seismic data different from the data of the training set as the test set;
step 2: designing an end-to-end network structure for coding and decoding, wherein a coding process is composed of 5 groups of double residual blocks with different scales, wherein the first 4 groups of residual blocks are composed of 5 convolutional layers and 1 pooling layer, the 5 th group of residual blocks are composed of 5 convolutional layers, a decoding process is symmetrical to the coding process and composed of 4 groups of double residual blocks with different scales, wherein the first 3 groups of residual blocks are composed of 1 anti-convolutional layer and 5 convolutional layers, the last 1 group of residual blocks are composed of 1 anti-convolutional layer and 6 convolutional layers and are fused with characteristics extracted in a corresponding coding stage, the last 4 convolutional layers of the first 8 groups of residual blocks are in a form of connecting two double residual blocks in series, and the middle 4 convolutional layers of the 6 convolutional layers of the last 1 group of residual blocks are in a form of connecting two double residual blocks in series;
and step 3: training a network and storing a network model;
and 4, step 4: adjusting parameters and selecting a final ideal model;
and 5: and (3) suppressing the random noise of the data by using the ideal denoising model obtained by training, and outputting the seismic data after the random noise suppression.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 5 sets of dual residual blocks of the encoding part in step 2 have a scale size of 256 × 256, 128 × 128, 64 × 64, 32 × 32, 16 × 16, respectively, and the 4 sets of dual residual blocks of the decoding part have a scale size of 32 × 32, 64 × 64, 128 × 128, 256 × 256, respectively.
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