CN110206600A - A kind of heat pump power storage system and method storing up cold heat accumulation based on array - Google Patents
A kind of heat pump power storage system and method storing up cold heat accumulation based on array Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heat pump power storage systems and method that cold heat accumulation is stored up based on array, the system includes heat pump heating refrigeration tank circuit and cold and hot energy thermo-mechanical power generation circuit, and the thermal energy and cold energy of the system are stored respectively in multiple Research of High Temperature Regenerative Heat Exchange device arrays and low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array.High temperature heat and cryogenic cold energy are produced using power station low ebb (low price) electric drive heat pump heating refrigeration cycle and are stored respectively in Research of High Temperature Regenerative Heat Exchange device array and low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array；Gas in peak of power consumption, circuit absorbs stored high temperature heat and cryogenic cold energy by array control, is generated electricity by power cycle driven generator.The heat pump power storage system that cold heat accumulation is stored up based on array of the invention have many advantages, such as energy storage density it is high, it is at low cost, high-efficient, stable, suitable for peak load regulation network and various renewable energy power stations, do not generate greenhouse gases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, relates to a heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage, and discloses an energy storage system and method based on heat pump cycle energy storage and generation of electric energy by utilizing the stored energy.
Background
In recent years, renewable energy is gradually becoming an important source of newly added electric power, and the structure and the operation mode of a power grid are greatly changed. With the increasing popularization of renewable energy sources (wind energy, solar energy and the like) and the urgent needs of peak shaving, grid reliability improvement and electric energy quality improvement of a power grid, the importance of a power energy storage system is increasingly highlighted. The energy storage is an important component and a key supporting technology of a smart power grid, a renewable energy high-ratio energy system and an intelligent energy source of 'internet +' (hereinafter referred to as energy internet). The energy storage can provide various services such as peak shaving, frequency modulation, standby, black start, demand response support and the like for the operation of a power grid, and is an important means for improving the flexibility, the economy and the safety of a traditional power system; the energy storage can remarkably improve the consumption level of renewable energy sources such as wind, light and the like, support distributed power and a microgrid and is a key technology for promoting the replacement of main energy sources from fossil energy sources to renewable energy sources; the energy storage can promote the open sharing and flexible transaction of energy production and consumption, realize the multi-energy cooperation, and is a core foundation for constructing an energy internet, promoting the reformation of an electric power system and promoting the new state development of energy.
The existing power energy storage technology comprises water pumping energy storage, compressed air energy storage, storage battery energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy, flywheel energy storage, super capacitor and the like. The energy storage of China presents a good situation of multivariate development: the pumped storage develops rapidly; the research and development of energy storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting energy storage and super capacitor, lead storage battery, lithium ion battery, sodium-sulfur battery and redox flow battery are accelerated; the heat storage, cold storage and hydrogen storage technologies have also made certain progress. The physical methods of water pumping energy storage, heat storage energy storage and compressed air energy storage are suitable for large-scale commercial application due to low cost and large energy storage capacity, and account for about 99.5% of the total amount of energy stored in the world.
When the power system is in a valley load, the energy storage system of the pumping power station enables the motor to drive the water pump to pump water in the low water reservoir to the high water reservoir through the pipeline so as to consume a part of electric energy. When the peak load comes, the water in the high reservoir makes the water pump and the motor run reversely through the pipeline to become a water turbine and a generator to generate electric energy to supply users, thereby playing the roles of peak clipping and valley filling. The energy storage system of the pumping power station has the advantages of being mature and reliable in technology, high in efficiency (70 percent), large in energy storage capacity and the like, and is widely used at present. However, the energy storage system of the pumping power station needs special geographical conditions to build two reservoirs and dams, the construction period is long (generally about 7-15 years), and the initial investment is huge. What is more troublesome is that large-scale reservoirs are built to submerge vegetation in large areas even in cities, so that ecological and immigration problems are caused, and therefore building of energy storage systems of water pumping power stations is more and more limited.
In the electricity utilization valley of the traditional compressed air energy storage system, air is compressed and stored in an air storage chamber, so that electric energy is converted into internal energy of the air to be stored; during the peak of electricity utilization, high-pressure air is released from the air storage chamber, enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine to be combusted with fuel, and then drives the turbine to generate electricity. The compressed air energy storage system has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long energy storage period, high efficiency (50-70%), relatively small unit investment and the like. However, the energy storage density of the compressed air energy storage technology is low, and the difficulty is that a proper place for storing compressed air is needed, such as a sealed cave or an abandoned mine. Moreover, the compressed air energy storage system still relies on the combustion of fossil fuel to provide a heat source, so that the threat of gradual exhaustion and price rise of the fossil fuel is faced on one hand, and pollutants such as nitride, sulfide and carbon dioxide are still generated by the combustion of the compressed air energy storage system on the other hand, and the compressed air energy storage system does not meet the development requirements of green (zero emission) and renewable energy sources.
In order to solve the main problems faced by the conventional compressed air energy storage system, in recent years, researchers at home and abroad respectively develop the research on an advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AACAES), a ground compressed air energy storage system (SVCAES), a compressed air energy storage system (AACAES) with heat recovery and an air-steam combined cycle compressed air energy storage system (CASH), and the like, so that the compressed air energy storage system can basically avoid burning fossil fuels, but the energy density of the compressed air energy storage system is still very low, and a large-scale gas storage chamber is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a heat pump electric storage system and method based on arrayed cold and heat storage, the system includes a heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop and a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, and the heat energy and the cold energy of the system are respectively stored in an array formed by a plurality of packed beds. A power station low valley (low price) electrically driven heat pump heating and refrigerating circulation loop is adopted to prepare high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy and store the high-temperature heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy in a heat storage and cold storage array; at the peak of electricity utilization, the gas heat storage and cold storage array in the loop absorbs the stored high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy through array control, and the generator is driven to generate electricity through heat engine circulation. The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage has the advantages of high energy storage density, low cost, high efficiency, stable operation, suitability for power grid peak shaving and various renewable energy power stations, no generation of greenhouse gas and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage comprises a driving unit, an energy storage compressor unit, an energy storage expander unit, a plurality of low-temperature cold storage heat exchangers connected in parallel, a plurality of high-temperature heat storage heat exchangers connected in parallel, a first low-pressure heat exchanger, a first high-pressure heat exchanger, an energy release compressor unit, an energy release expander unit, a second high-pressure heat exchanger, a second low-pressure heat exchanger and an electricity generating unit,
the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchangers connected in parallel form a low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, the high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchangers connected in parallel form a high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger array, each low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger and each high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger comprises a top port and a bottom port for circulating gas working medium to flow in and out,
the top port and the bottom port of each low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger are respectively formed into a top main pipe and a bottom main pipe of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array through pipeline confluence, and the top port and the bottom port of each high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger are respectively formed into a top main pipe and a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array through pipeline confluence;
the driving unit, the energy storage compressor unit, the energy storage expander unit, the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, the high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger array, the first low-pressure heat exchanger and the first high-pressure heat exchanger form a heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop;
the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array and the high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger array also form a cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop together with the energy release compressor set, the energy release expander set, the second high-pressure heat exchanger, the second low-pressure heat exchanger and the power generation unit;
wherein,
in the heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop, the driving unit, the energy storage compressor unit and the energy storage expander unit are sequentially connected in a transmission manner,
the exhaust port of the energy storage compressor unit sequentially passes through the top header pipe to the bottom header pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array through a pipeline, the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger is communicated with the air inlet of the energy storage expansion unit,
an air outlet of the energy storage expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the energy storage compressor unit through a pipeline sequentially from a bottom main pipe to a top main pipe of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array and a cold side of the first low-pressure heat exchanger;
in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, the energy release compressor unit, the energy release expander unit and the power generation unit are sequentially connected in a transmission manner,
an exhaust port of the energy release compressor unit is communicated with an air inlet of the energy release expansion unit through pipelines sequentially passing through a hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger, a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and a top main pipe,
and an exhaust port of the energy release expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the energy release compressor unit through a cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger, a top main pipe and a bottom main pipe of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array in sequence through pipelines.
Preferably, the system further comprises a buffer tank, an inlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array through a pipeline with a valve, and an outlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the cold side inlet of the second low-pressure heat exchanger through a pipeline with a valve; when the system stores energy, the opening of a valve on an inlet pipeline of the buffer tank is adjusted, and because the pressure of a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array is higher than the internal pressure of the buffer tank, a small amount of circulating gas working medium flowing out of the bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array enters the buffer tank so as to ensure the pressure stability of the system; when the system releases energy and generates electricity, the opening degree of a valve on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank is adjusted, and because the internal pressure of the buffer tank is higher than the pressure of a cold side pipeline of the second low-pressure heat exchanger, a small amount of gas in the buffer tank flows into the cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger, so that the pressure stability of the system is ensured.
Preferably, a control valve is arranged on a bottom port pipeline of each high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger, and a temperature sensor is arranged on a top port pipeline.
The system further comprises a first controller, wherein the first controller is in communication connection with each control valve and the temperature sensor, and controls the opening of each control valve according to temperature information fed back by each temperature sensor so as to control the flow of each high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger.
Preferably, a control valve is arranged on a top port pipeline of each low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger, and a temperature sensor is arranged on a bottom port pipeline.
The system further comprises a second controller, wherein the second controller is in communication connection with the control valves and the temperature sensors, and controls the opening of the control valves according to temperature information fed back by the temperature sensors so as to control the flow of the low-temperature heat storage heat exchangers.
Preferably, in the low-power consumption valley period of the system, the driving unit drives the energy storage compressor unit to compress the normal-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium to a high-temperature high-pressure state; the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure circulating gas working medium is reduced to normal temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array, and high-temperature heat energy is stored in an energy storage medium of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array; after passing through the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger, the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the high pressure is further expanded and cooled to the low temperature and the low pressure through the energy storage expansion unit; the temperature of the low-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium is raised to normal temperature after passing through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, and low-temperature cold energy is stored in an energy storage medium of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array; the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the cold side of the first low-pressure heat exchanger and then reaches the temperature near the room temperature; and the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the low pressure reenters the inlet of the energy storage compressor unit to participate in the heat pump circulation, and the circulation is repeated, so that the high-temperature heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy are continuously stored in the energy storage media of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array respectively.
Preferably, in the system, during the peak period of power utilization, the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, absorbs low-temperature cold energy, reduces the temperature to low temperature and low pressure, and compresses the circulating gas working medium at low temperature and low pressure to a normal-temperature high-pressure state through the energy-releasing compressor unit; the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature through the hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger; the temperature of the gas working medium with room temperature and high pressure is raised to high temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array; the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating gas working medium is further expanded and cooled to normal temperature and low pressure through the energy-releasing expansion unit; the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger and then reaches the temperature near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the low pressure enters the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array again to participate in the heat engine circulation; the energy releasing expansion unit drives the power generation unit to output electric energy; the high-temperature heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy stored in the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array are continuously converted into electric energy through the heat engine circulation to be output.
Preferably, the driving unit is a driving motor or a wind turbine, and when the driving unit is the driving motor, one or more of the conventional power station valley electricity, nuclear electricity, wind electricity, solar power generation, hydroelectric power generation or tidal power generation is used as a power supply.
Preferably, the total pressure ratio of the energy storage compressor unit and/or the energy release compressor unit is 5-40; when the energy storage compressor unit and/or the energy release compressor unit comprises a plurality of compressors, the plurality of compressors are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode, and in the split-shaft parallel connection mode, each split shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft.
Preferably, the total expansion ratio of the energy storage expansion unit and/or the energy release expansion unit is between 5 and 40; when the energy storage expansion unit and/or the energy release expansion unit comprises a plurality of expansion machines, the expansion machines are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode, and in the split-shaft parallel connection mode, each split shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft.
Preferably, each high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger and each low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger are packed bed type energy storage devices, and the whole body is a cylinder, a sphere or a cuboid, wherein the packed energy storage material is one or a combination of at least two of materials such as rock, sand and stone, metal particles and solid bricks.
Preferably, in the energy releasing process, each of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger in the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array does not work at the same time, but when the previous high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger or the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger reaches the critical heat storage or cold storage temperature, the previous high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger or the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger is cut off, and the next high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger or the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger works until all the high-temperature heat storage heat exchangers or the low-temperature cold storage heat exchangers reach the.
Preferably, the cycle gas working medium is one or a mixture of at least two of argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or air.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for operating the heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage is also provided, which is characterized in that,
in the electricity consumption valley period, the driving unit drives the energy storage compressor unit to compress the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state; the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure circulating gas working medium is reduced to normal temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array, and high-temperature heat energy is stored in an energy storage medium of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array; after passing through the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger, the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the high pressure is further expanded and cooled to the low temperature and the low pressure through the energy storage expansion unit; the temperature of the low-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium is raised to normal temperature after passing through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, and low-temperature cold energy is stored in an energy storage medium of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array; the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the cold side of the first low-pressure heat exchanger and then reaches the temperature near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the low pressure reenters the inlet of the energy storage compressor unit to participate in the heat pump circulation, and the circulation is repeated, so that high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy are continuously stored in the energy storage media of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array respectively;
in the electricity consumption peak period, the normal-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium passes through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, absorbs low-temperature cold energy, then is cooled to low temperature and low pressure, and is compressed to a normal-temperature high-pressure state by the energy release compressor set; the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature through the hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger; the temperature of the gas working medium with room temperature and high pressure is raised to high temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array; the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating gas working medium is further expanded and cooled to normal temperature and low pressure through the energy-releasing expansion unit; the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger and then reaches the temperature near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the low pressure enters the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array again to participate in the heat engine circulation; the energy releasing expansion unit drives the power generation unit to output electric energy; the high-temperature heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy stored in the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array are continuously converted into electric energy through the heat engine circulation to be output.
Preferably, when the system stores energy, a small amount of circulating gas working medium flowing out of a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array is controlled to enter the buffer tank so as to ensure the pressure stability of the system; when the system releases energy to generate power, a small amount of gas in the buffer tank is controlled to flow into the cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger, so that the pressure of the system is stable.
Compared with the prior art, the heat pump electricity storage system and the method based on arrayed cold and heat storage adopt the power station low-valley (low price) electrically driven heat pump heating and refrigerating circulation loop to prepare high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy which are respectively stored in the energy storage materials in the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array; and at the peak of electricity utilization, the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array in the loop absorb the stored high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy through array control, and the generator is driven to generate electricity through heat engine circulation. The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage has the advantages of high energy storage density, low cost, high efficiency, stable operation, suitability for power grid peak shaving and various renewable energy power stations, no generation of greenhouse gas and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold storage and heat storage comprises a driving unit 1, an energy storage compressor unit 2, an energy storage expander unit 3, a low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger 4, a low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger 5, a low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger 6, a high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger 7, a high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger 8, a high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger 9, a first low-pressure heat exchanger 10, a first high-pressure heat exchanger 11, an energy release compressor unit 12, an energy release expander unit 13, a power generation unit 14, a second high-pressure heat exchanger 15, a second low-pressure heat exchanger 16, a first controller 17, a second controller 18, a buffer tank 19, valves 21,22,104 to 106,207 to 209, temperature sensors 107 to 109,204 to 206 and a plurality of pipelines 30 to 43.
In the system, the driving unit 1 is a driving motor or a wind turbine, and when the driving unit 1 is the driving motor, one or more of the conventional power station valley electricity, nuclear electricity, wind electricity, solar power generation, hydroelectric power generation or tidal power generation are used as a power supply.
4 ~ 6 of each low temperature cold-storage heat exchanger, 7 ~ 9 of each high temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger are packed bed formula energy storage equipment, wholly are cylinder, spheroid or cuboid, and wherein the energy storage material of packing is one kind or the combination of at least two kinds of materials such as rock, gravel and sand, metal particle, solid brick. The low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array comprises components such as a low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger 4, a low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger 5 and a low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger 6, control valves 104-106 are arranged on top pipelines of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchangers 4-6, temperature sensors 204-206 are arranged on bottom pipelines, and the control valves 104-106 and the temperature sensors 204-206 are in communication connection with a first controller 17; the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger 7, the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger 8, the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger 9 and other parts form a high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array, control valves 207-209 are arranged on bottom pipelines of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchangers 7-9, temperature sensors 107-109 are arranged on top pipelines of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchangers, and the control valves 207-209 and the temperature sensors 107-109 are in communication connection with the second controller 17. The first controller 17 and the second controller 17 control the opening of the control valves 104 to 106 and 207 to 209 according to the temperature information fed back by the temperature sensors 204 to 206 and 107 to 109, respectively, and further control the flow rates of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchangers 7 to 9 and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchangers 4 to 6.
The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage can be integrally divided into a heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop and a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, and heat energy and cold energy of the system are respectively stored in a heat and cold storage array formed by a plurality of packed beds. The system comprises an energy storage compressor unit 2, a high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array 7-9, a first high-pressure heat exchanger 11, an energy storage expansion unit 3, a low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array 4-6, a first low-pressure heat exchanger 11, pipelines 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and the like, wherein a heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop is formed, and a circulating gas working medium is filled in the energy storage loop. The driving unit 1 is preferably a driving motor, transmission shafts of the energy storage compressor unit 2 and the energy storage expander unit 3 are coaxially arranged, and the driving unit 1 is in transmission connection with a common transmission shaft of the energy storage compressor unit 2 and the energy storage expander unit 3. An exhaust port of the energy storage compressor unit 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the energy storage expansion unit 3 through pipelines 31, 32 and 33 sequentially passing through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9 and the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger 11, and the exhaust port of the energy storage expansion unit 3 is communicated with the air inlet of the energy storage compressor unit 2 through pipelines 34, 35 and 36 sequentially passing through the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger arrays 4-6 and the cold side of the first low-pressure heat exchanger 10; the exhaust pipeline 32 of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9 is also connected with the inlet of the buffer tank 19 through a branch pipeline 37 provided with a valve 21, and during energy storage, a small amount of gas exhausted by the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays is shunted to the buffer tank 19, so that the pressure stability of the system can be ensured.
The energy release compressor set 12, the second high-pressure heat exchanger 15, the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9, the energy release expansion unit 13, the second low-pressure heat exchanger 16, the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger arrays 4-6, the power generation unit 14, the pipelines 38-43 and the like form a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, and the power generation loop is filled with a circulating gas working medium. The transmission shafts of the energy release compressor unit 12 and the energy release expansion unit 13 are coaxially arranged, and the power generation unit 14 is in transmission connection with the common transmission shaft of the energy release compressor unit 12 and the energy release expansion unit 13. An exhaust port of the energy release compressor unit 12 is communicated with an air inlet of the energy release expander unit 13 through a hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger and the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9 in sequence through pipelines 42, 43 and 38, and an exhaust port of the energy release expander unit 13 is communicated with an air inlet of the energy release compressor unit 12 through a cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger 16 and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger arrays 4-6 in sequence through pipelines 39 and 40; the gas inlet of the second low-pressure heat exchanger 16 is also connected with an outlet pipeline 44 of the buffer tank 19 through a pipeline 39, a valve 22 is arranged on the outlet pipeline 44, and a small amount of gas flows into the second low-pressure heat exchanger 16 from the buffer tank 19 during energy releasing and power generating so as to ensure the stable pressure of the system.
In the electricity consumption valley period, the driving unit 1 drives the energy storage compressor unit 2 to compress the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure to a high-temperature high-pressure state; then, the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure circulating gas working medium is reduced to normal temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9, and high-temperature heat energy is stored in heat storage media of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9; then the temperature of the circulating gas working medium with normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature after passing through the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger 11; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the high pressure is further expanded and cooled to the low temperature and the low pressure through the energy storage expansion unit 3; after the low-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium passes through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger arrays 4-6, the temperature of the low-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium is raised to normal temperature, and low-temperature cold energy is stored in cold accumulation media of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger arrays 4-6; the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure is near the room temperature after passing through the first low-pressure heat exchanger 10; the room-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium reenters the inlet of the energy storage compressor unit 2 to participate in heat pump circulation, and high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy are continuously stored in the heat storage medium of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger arrays 7-9 and the cold storage medium of the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger arrays 4-6 respectively in a reciprocating manner. In the whole energy storage process, an inlet valve of the buffer tank is opened, and an outlet valve is closed; the opening degree of a valve on an inlet pipeline of the buffer tank is adjusted, and a certain amount of circulating gas enters the buffer tank 19 from the system to ensure the stable pressure of the system; and after the energy storage process is finished, the valve on the inlet pipeline of the buffer tank is closed.
In the electricity consumption peak period, the normal-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium firstly passes through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger arrays 4-6, absorbs low-temperature cold energy, then is cooled to low temperature and low pressure, and is compressed to a normal-temperature high-pressure state through the energy release compressor unit 12; the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature through the hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger 15; raising the temperature of the circulating gas working medium with room temperature and high pressure to high temperature through a high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array 7-9; the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating gas working medium is further expanded and cooled to normal temperature and low pressure through the energy-releasing expansion unit 13; the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure is near the room temperature after passing through the second low-pressure heat exchanger 16; and the room-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium reenters the inlets of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger arrays 4-6 to participate in heat engine circulation. The energy release expansion machine set 13 is in driving connection with a power generation unit 14 (preferably a generator), and the energy release compressor set 12 is in driving connection with a transmission shaft of the energy release expansion machine set 13. The circulation is repeated, and the stored high-temperature heat energy and the stored low-temperature cold energy are continuously converted into electric energy through the heat engine circulation to be output. In the whole energy releasing process, an outlet valve of the buffer tank is opened, and an inlet valve is closed; the opening degree of a valve on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank is adjusted, and a certain amount of circulating gas enters the system from the buffer tank 19 so as to ensure the pressure stability of the system; and after the energy releasing process is finished, the valve on the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank is closed.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, but rather, any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage comprises a driving unit, an energy storage compressor unit, an energy storage expander unit, a plurality of low-temperature cold storage heat exchangers connected in parallel, a plurality of high-temperature heat storage heat exchangers connected in parallel, a first low-pressure heat exchanger, a first high-pressure heat exchanger, an energy release compressor unit, an energy release expander unit, a second high-pressure heat exchanger, a second low-pressure heat exchanger and an electricity generating unit,
the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchangers connected in parallel form a low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, the high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchangers connected in parallel form a high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger array, each low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger and each high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger comprises a top port and a bottom port for circulating gas working medium to flow in and out,
the top port and the bottom port of each low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger are respectively formed into a top main pipe and a bottom main pipe of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array through pipeline confluence, and the top port and the bottom port of each high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger are respectively formed into a top main pipe and a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array through pipeline confluence;
the driving unit, the energy storage compressor unit, the energy storage expander unit, the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, the high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger array, the first low-pressure heat exchanger and the first high-pressure heat exchanger form a heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop;
the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array and the high-temperature heat accumulation heat exchanger array also form a cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop together with the energy release compressor set, the energy release expander set, the second high-pressure heat exchanger, the second low-pressure heat exchanger and the power generation unit;
wherein,
in the heat pump heating and refrigerating energy storage loop, the driving unit, the energy storage compressor unit and the energy storage expander unit are sequentially connected in a transmission manner,
the exhaust port of the energy storage compressor unit sequentially passes through the top header pipe to the bottom header pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array through a pipeline, the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger is communicated with the air inlet of the energy storage expansion unit,
an air outlet of the energy storage expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the energy storage compressor unit through a pipeline sequentially from a bottom main pipe to a top main pipe of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array and a cold side of the first low-pressure heat exchanger;
in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, the energy release compressor unit, the energy release expander unit and the power generation unit are sequentially connected in a transmission manner,
an exhaust port of the energy release compressor unit is communicated with an air inlet of the energy release expansion unit through pipelines sequentially passing through a hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger, a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and a top main pipe,
and an exhaust port of the energy release expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the energy release compressor unit through a cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger, a top main pipe and a bottom main pipe of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array in sequence through pipelines.
2. The arrayed cold and heat storage based heat pump electricity storage system according to claim 1, further comprising a buffer tank, wherein an inlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the bottom manifold of the array of high temperature heat storage heat exchangers through a pipeline with a valve, and an outlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the cold side inlet of the second low pressure heat exchanger through a pipeline with a valve; when the system stores energy, a small amount of circulating gas working medium flowing out of a bottom main pipe of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array enters the buffer tank so as to ensure the pressure stability of the system; when the system releases energy to generate power, a small amount of gas in the buffer tank flows into the cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger to ensure the pressure of the system to be stable.
3. The arrayed cold and heat storage based heat pump electricity storage system of claim 1, wherein a control valve is arranged on a bottom port pipeline of each high temperature heat storage heat exchanger, and a temperature sensor is arranged on a top port pipeline.
4. The arrayed cold and heat storage based heat pump electricity storage system of claim 3, further comprising a first controller, wherein the first controller is in communication with each control valve and the temperature sensor, and controls the opening of each control valve according to the temperature information fed back by each temperature sensor so as to control the flow of each high temperature heat storage heat exchanger.
5. The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage of claim 1, wherein a control valve is arranged on a top port pipeline of each low temperature cold storage heat exchanger, and a temperature sensor is arranged on a bottom port pipeline.
6. The arrayed cold and heat storage based heat pump electricity storage system of claim 5, further comprising a second controller, wherein the second controller is in communication with each control valve and the temperature sensor, and controls the opening of each control valve according to the temperature information fed back by each temperature sensor, so as to control the flow of each low-temperature heat storage heat exchanger.
7. The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage is characterized in that in the electricity consumption valley period of the system, the driving unit drives the energy storage compressor unit to compress the circulating gas working medium with normal temperature and low pressure to a high-temperature high-pressure state; the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure circulating gas working medium is reduced to normal temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array, and high-temperature heat energy is stored in an energy storage medium of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array; after passing through the hot side of the first high-pressure heat exchanger, the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the high pressure is further expanded and cooled to the low temperature and the low pressure through the energy storage expansion unit; the temperature of the low-temperature low-pressure circulating gas working medium is raised to normal temperature after passing through the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array, and low-temperature cold energy is stored in an energy storage medium of the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array; the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the cold side of the first low-pressure heat exchanger and then reaches the temperature near the room temperature; and the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the low pressure reenters the inlet of the energy storage compressor unit to participate in the heat pump circulation, and the circulation is repeated, so that the high-temperature heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy are continuously stored in the energy storage media of the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array respectively.
8. The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage is characterized in that in the electricity utilization peak period of the system, the circulating gas working medium with normal temperature and low pressure passes through the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array, the temperature is reduced to low temperature and low pressure after low-temperature cold energy is absorbed, and the circulating gas working medium with low temperature and low pressure is compressed to a normal temperature and high pressure state through the energy release compressor unit; the temperature of the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and high pressure is reduced to be near the room temperature through the hot side of the second high-pressure heat exchanger; the temperature of the gas working medium with room temperature and high pressure is raised to high temperature through the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array; the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating gas working medium is further expanded and cooled to normal temperature and low pressure through the energy-releasing expansion unit; the circulating gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure passes through the cold side of the second low-pressure heat exchanger and then reaches the temperature near the room temperature; the circulating gas working medium with the room temperature and the low pressure enters the low-temperature cold accumulation heat exchanger array again to participate in the heat engine circulation; the energy releasing expansion unit drives the power generation unit to output electric energy; the high-temperature heat energy and the low-temperature cold energy stored in the high-temperature heat storage heat exchanger array and the low-temperature cold storage heat exchanger array are continuously converted into electric energy through the heat engine circulation to be output.
9. The arrayed cold and heat storage based heat pump electricity storage system of claim 1, wherein the driving unit is a driving motor or a wind turbine, and when the driving unit is a driving motor, one or more of conventional power station valley electricity, nuclear electricity, wind electricity, solar power generation, hydroelectric power generation or tidal power generation is used as a power source.
10. The heat pump electricity storage system based on arrayed cold and heat storage is characterized in that the total pressure ratio of the energy storage compressor unit and/or the energy release compressor unit is 5-40; when the energy storage compressor unit and/or the energy release compressor unit comprises a plurality of compressors, the plurality of compressors are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode, and in the split-shaft parallel connection mode, each split shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft.
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