CN110192538A - A kind of external Penaeus Vannmei circulating water culture system - Google Patents
A kind of external Penaeus Vannmei circulating water culture system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110192538A CN110192538A CN201910645089.XA CN201910645089A CN110192538A CN 110192538 A CN110192538 A CN 110192538A CN 201910645089 A CN201910645089 A CN 201910645089A CN 110192538 A CN110192538 A CN 110192538A
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- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 21
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/047—Liquid pumps for aquaria
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture more particularly to a kind of recirculated water culture of Penaeus vannamei systems based on biological flocculation water treatment technology.Including culture zone and external treatment region, culture zone includes aquaculture pond and mixed pond, and external treatment region includes biological flocculation pond and physical filtering pond.The recirculated water culture of Penaeus vannamei system based on biological flocculation water treatment technology that the present invention provides a kind of, biological flocculation water treatment procedure is independently arranged independently of breeding water body, biological flocculation water treatment technology is combined in technology and facilities engineering with recirculated water method for treating water simultaneously, facilitate the daily maintenance management of biological flocculation, whole system has convenient for management, the advantages of energy saving, reduction cultivation risk, raising breeding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on a biological floc water treatment technology.
Background
The biological floc refers to inorganic and organic matters mainly comprising aerobic microorganisms in the culture water, and particularly comprises bacteria, phytoplankton, algae, organic debris (residual baits and excrement) and an agglomerate formed by bioflocculation of some inorganic debris. The biological floc technology is utilized to adjust the water body nutrition structure; adding organic carbon into the water body, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body, promoting the propagation of heterotrophic bacteria in the water body, decomposing inorganic nitrogen by using microorganisms, converting nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen generated by shrimp metabolism and organic matter decay in the breeding water body into self components of bacteria, and simultaneously, particles generated by bacterial flocculation can be ingested by the shrimps, thereby finally playing the roles of maintaining stable water quality, reducing bait coefficient, improving immunity of breeding organisms, reducing water change amount and increasing yield; can solve the problems of water resource shortage, environmental protection restriction, high feed cost and the like in the aquaculture industry at present.
In the implementation process of the existing biological floc technology, the biological floc and prawns are cultured in the same water body, and feeding of the prawns and addition of carbon sources and microbial agents of the biological floc are carried out in the same culture pond. When breeding the pond quantity and being more, throw the material work load huge, biological wadding group is in the process of cultivateing simultaneously, and the quality of water fluctuation is great, need take out survey quality of water often in the routine maintenance in-process, and present plant is mostly multi-pond farming systems, and the water sample test volume is huge, and in biological wadding group culture process, the misoperation causes quality of water to worsen easily, nitrite nitrogen content and ammonia nitrogen content accumulate rapidly in the water, very easily causes the shrimp stress, dies even. At the moment, a large amount of water can only be changed, the biological floccules need to be cultured again after the water is changed, a large amount of time and materials are consumed again, in a word, the biological floccules and the prawns are cultured in the same water body, the daily maintenance workload is large, the operation is complex, and the culture risk is large.
The circulating water culture mode is a representative of an industrial aquaculture technology, and is a culture mode for removing suspended particulate matters, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and other organic matters and inorganic matters in a water body and realizing water body purification and recycling by carrying out a series of treatment processes of physical filtration, biological filtration, sterilization, disinfection, degassing, oxygenation and the like on a culture water body. The circulating water culture realizes the water body cyclic utilization, greatly reduces the water resource consumption, also greatly reduces the culture tail water discharge amount, and solves the resource problem and the environmental protection problem which restrict the aquaculture development at present. But the recirculating aquaculture mode depends heavily on facility equipment investment and daily maintenance management. In the process of fish culture, the circulating water culture mode is widely applied, but the circulating water culture mode is just started to be applied in the industrial culture mode of the penaeus vannamei boone.
The successful implementation of the biological floccule culture mode has the technical key points that: a large amount of dissolved oxygen needs to be consumed in the implementation process, water flow needs to be stirred simultaneously, flocs are suspended in a water body all the time and cannot sink to the bottom, if the flocs sink to the bottom of the tank and the accumulation amount is increased, the biological flocs can be converted from aerobic reaction to anaerobic reaction, organic matters and inorganic matters in the flocs can decay and accelerate to cause the water body to deteriorate, and further the implementation process fails. Therefore, in the implementation process, a large amount of aeration is needed in the water body, firstly, enough oxygen is provided for the aerobic reaction in the biological flocs, and secondly, the aeration process is to stir the water flow to suspend the flocs in the water body.
Aeration is also needed in a biofilter in a traditional recirculating aquaculture system so as to provide sufficient oxygen for nitrosation and digestion of bacteria, wherein the bacteria are cultivated in a filter material or filler, and a biological film is formed on the surface of the filter material or filler to realize the function. The biological floc and the biological filter are superposed in function, and the biological floc is applied directly to the culture water body in the culture process of Penaeus vannamei, i.e. the growth of the Penaeus vannamei is in the same environment, while the biological filter in the circulating water culture system is an independent water treatment unit and is isolated from the culture object. The differences of the traditional circulating water culture system in the culture process flow caused by the differences of culture objects are applicable to fish culture but difficult to apply to prawn culture, the circulating water culture system is applied to the culture process of the penaeus vannamei boone and is combined with a biological floc culture mode at the same time, a biological filter tank is replaced by the biological floc tank, more importantly, the biological floc water treatment process is isolated from the living activity environment of the penaeus vannamei boone, and other facility designs are correspondingly modified, so that the circulating water culture mode of the penaeus vannamei boone based on the biological floc water treatment technology can be established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to establish a prawn circulating water culture mode based on a biological floc water treatment technology by combining a biological floc with a circulating water culture system independently of a culture water body.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a circulating water penaeus vannamei boone aquaculture system based on a biological floc water treatment technology, wherein the biological floc water treatment process is independently arranged from an aquaculture water body, and meanwhile, the biological floc water treatment technology and the circulating water treatment method are combined on technical and facility engineering, so that the daily maintenance and management of the biological floc are convenient, and the whole system has the advantages of convenience in management, energy conservation, reduction of aquaculture risk and improvement of aquaculture efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical means, and the circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology comprises a farming area and an external treatment area; the water outlet end of the culture area is connected with the biological flocculation tank through a water mixing tank, and the water inlet end of the culture area is connected with a physical filter tank of a recirculating aquaculture system through a pipeline or a distribution tank; wherein,
the culture area comprises a culture pond and a mixed water pond:
the culture pond is used for culturing prawns, a water outlet of the culture pond is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, a pull-plug switch is arranged on the water outlet, namely a 90-degree elbow is arranged on a water drainage pipe, a bent opening is vertically upward, a PVC pipe higher than the culture liquid level is inserted into the bent opening, at the moment, due to the water pressure relation, the liquid level height in the vertically inserted PVC pipe is consistent with the liquid level height in the culture pond, once the PVC pipe is pulled out, the culture pond starts to drain water, and then the culture pond can stop draining water when being plugged, preferably, an electromagnetic valve can be installed, and the; the water outlet of the culture pond is communicated with a water outlet pipe of the culture pond, and the water outlet pipe of the culture pond is converged into a water outlet main pipe of a culture area; the main drainage pipe of the culture area is connected into the water mixing pool, and all the culture water is drained into the water mixing pool;
a water supplementing pipe of the water mixing pool is arranged on one side of the water mixing pool and is externally connected with a water inlet pipe, and new external water enters the water mixing pool through the water supplementing pipe of the water mixing pool to supplement the water quantity required by the whole system; a water outlet of the water mixing pool is arranged on the other side of the water mixing pool, and a pull-plug switch consistent with the water outlet of the culture pool is arranged on the water outlet; the water outlet of the water mixing pool is connected with the water outlet pipe of the water mixing pool and is connected out of the whole culture system, and water in the water mixing pool can be discharged out of the whole system; a water pump is arranged in the mixed water tank and is connected with one end of a water extraction pipe, the other end of the water extraction pipe is connected into the biological floc tank, and water in the mixed water tank is extracted into the biological floc tank through water extraction of the water pump;
the external treatment area comprises a biological flocculation tank and a physical filtering tank:
the biological floccule pond is positioned at a high position relative to the culture area and the water mixing pond, the biological floccule is cultured inside the biological floccule pond and used for water treatment, and water stays in the biological floccule pond for a certain time and then enters the physical filtering pond in an overflow mode; the upper edge of the wall of the biological flocculation tank is provided with a biological flocculation tank overflow pipe, the tail end of the biological flocculation tank is connected with the water mixing tank, and when the water level in the biological flocculation tank is too high, the water can flow back into the water mixing tank through the overflow pipe to prevent the water from overflowing out of the biological flocculation tank; the center of the biological floc pool is a biological floc pool water outlet, a biological floc pool water outlet pipe is connected below the biological floc pool water outlet, the bottom of the whole biological floc pool is in a pan shape, the periphery of the biological floc pool is inclined towards the central water outlet, when water needs to be drained, the water outlet pipe is convenient to drain, and a valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe and can be opened when water needs to be drained; the biological flocculation tank aeration pipe network is arranged at the bottom of the biological flocculation tank, is connected with the Roots blower through a gas pipe, and is supplied with gas by the Roots blower through the gas pipe; the aeration pipe network of the biological flocculation tank is divided into a branch pipeline and a main pipeline, a hole is drilled on the branch pipeline to serve as an aeration hole, the hole is drilled towards the bottom of the tank, and the bottom of the tank is washed when gas escapes in the aeration process, so that sediments are prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of the tank; the biological floc pool and the physical filtering pool are adjacently arranged, an overflow port of the biological floc pool is arranged on the common side wall, and water in the biological floc pool overflows on the surface layer of the water body and enters the physical filtering pool;
a crawler-type micro-filter or a filter screen is arranged in the physical filter tank for physical filtration, and biological floccules and other suspended particles are blocked outside the distribution tank; the crawler-type microfiltration machine or the filter screen is arranged at the position close to the biological floc pond end and high at the position far from the biological floc pond end, is inclined at an included angle of 40 degrees with the bottom of the pond, and is used for screening out suspended matters mainly containing biological flocs in an intercepted water body, the water passing through the crawler-type microfiltration machine or the filter screen is a clear water body, the water passes through the biological filtration of the biological floc pond and the physical filtration of the physical filter pond and reaches the recycling standard, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and suspended particles in the water body are all reduced to the recycling standard, and the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and suspended particles in the water body are discharged from the physical filter pond and enter a culture system for recycling; a physical filtering tank water outlet is arranged between the common side wall of the physical filtering tank and the low end of the crawler-type micro-filter or the filtering screen, is connected with the physical filtering tank water outlet and is used for draining water in the physical filtering tank, and water mixed with a large amount of biological flocs at the front end of the physical filtering tank can be regularly and quantitatively drained out of the physical filtering tank, so that the physical filtering device is not blocked by the flocs in the physical filtering tank due to excessive amount; the physical filter tank aeration pipe network is arranged at the bottom of the physical filter tank and is connected with the Roots blower through a gas pipe, and the Roots blower supplies gas to the physical filter tank aeration pipe network through the gas pipe; the aeration pipe network of the physical filter tank is divided into a branch pipeline and a main pipeline, a drill hole is drilled on the branch pipeline to serve as an aeration hole, and the drill hole is drilled upwards, so that the main function is to wash out suspended matters intercepted on the crawler-type micro-filter or the filter screen, prevent the excessive suspended matters from blocking the filter screen, greatly reduce the content of the suspended matters in the water body after the water passes through the crawler-type micro-filter or the filter screen, greatly reduce the sediment at the bottom of the tank, and only need upwards aeration to wash out the crawler-type micro-filter or the filter screen without continuously washing the bottom of the tank; a physical filtering pond water outlet is formed in the bottom of the physical filtering pond below the crawler-type micro-filter or the filtering screen, the bottom is connected with a breeding pond water inlet pipe through a breeding area water inlet main pipe, water is distributed into each breeding pond through the breeding pond water inlet pipe after the water is physically filtered, and the water entering the breeding area is recycled;
the water circulation flow direction of the whole culture system is as follows: the culture pond → the mixed water pond → the biological floccule pond → the physical filter pond → the culture pond.
Furthermore, the water discharge pipe of the culture pond is made of PVC material, and the water discharge main pipe of the culture area is made of PE material. PE is more durable than PVC, but installation and connection are labor intensive, so PE is used only on the main pipe.
Furthermore, the water outlet of the water mixing pool is the lowest point of the water mixing pool, and the bottom of the water mixing pool is inclined towards the water outlet of the water mixing pool, so that water can be drained conveniently; the water discharge pipe of the mixed water tank is made of PE materials.
Furthermore, the overflow pipe of the biological flocculation tank and the drain pipe of the biological flocculation tank are made of PE materials.
Furthermore, the aeration pipe network of the biological flocculation tank is made of PE materials, the main pipeline adopts a PE pipe with the diameter of 50mm, the branch pipelines adopt a PE pipe with the diameter of 20mm, and holes with the diameter of 2mm are drilled on the branch pipelines to serve as aeration holes.
Furthermore, the drain pipe of the physical filtering tank is made of PE material.
Furthermore, the external treatment area also comprises a water distribution pool, the water distribution pool is connected with the other side wall of the physical filter pool, and an overflow port is arranged on the side wall; the bottom end of the distribution tank is a physical filtering tank water outlet which is connected with a water inlet main pipe of the culture area. The distribution tank is positioned at the rearmost end of the water treatment area, a small tank can be isolated from the tail end of the water treatment tank to the middle of the water treatment tank where the filter sieve is positioned to serve as the distribution tank, the distribution tank and the filter sieve can be separated by a partition plate or a solid wall, an overflow port is formed in the upper portion of the partition plate or the solid wall, water filtered by the filter screen overflows into the distribution tank, a water outlet is formed in the bottom end of the distribution tank, and water in the high-level distribution tank flows into the culture area through a connecting pipeline (a main water inlet pipeline of the culture area).
The arrangement sequence of the culture area, the biological flocculation tank and the physical filtering tank is different from the water treatment process sequence of the traditional recirculating aquaculture system, the water treatment logic sequence is also different, part of process means are similar, but the treatment targets are the same, namely the reuse of the aquaculture water is realized.
Wherein, prawn culture is for fish culture, and the volume of throwing something and feeding is huge, and the residual feed excrement and urine content in the aquaculture water is higher, and the suspended solid content is higher in the water, and the water is more muddy, and this type of quality of water can directly be used for the production of biological wadding group and maintain, but then can't apply mechanically according to the circulating water treatment flow that the fish farming was suitable for:
firstly, the physical filtration link is the first link of a traditional circulating water treatment system for fish culture, and in the shrimp culture process, the maintenance of biological flocs needs the existence of suspended matters, so in the shrimp circulating water culture system, the physical filtration process of the first link is removed, and culture water containing a large amount of suspended matters directly enters a biological floc pond through a water mixing pond; the shrimp culture water body contains a large amount of suspended matters, and the physical filtration is directly carried out, so that the physical filtration device is easy to block, and the operation of the whole system is influenced, therefore, the shrimp culture water body directly enters the biological floc pool without physical filtration;
secondly, a plurality of small culture ponds can be arranged in the culture area, or a single large culture pond can be arranged in the culture area, the culture pond is drained at the bottom, and water flows into the mixed water pond through a pipeline under the action of gravity; the water mixing pool is lower than the culture area, a water pump is arranged in the water mixing pool, and water in the water mixing pool is lifted to the biological flocculation pool; the biological flocculation tank can be provided with a fresh water supply pipeline, so that water can be directly supplemented inwards;
the mixed water tank is provided with a sewage discharge outlet in the center of the tank bottom, the tank bottom is inclined towards the middle and is in a pot bottom shape, the mixed water tank is used for draining and discharging sewage, an overflow port is arranged at the high position of the tank wall of the mixed tank or an overflow pipeline is directly added, the overflow port or the overflow pipeline is connected with the sewage discharge pipeline at the bottom of the mixed tank, and the mixed water tank is designed to overflow water when the water level is too high, so that the water is prevented from overflowing out of the mixed water tank and flowing into a production site; pumping water in the mixed water pool into a biological flocculation pool through a water pump, wherein the biological flocculation pool is at a high position relative to the mixed water pool and the culture area;
meanwhile, an aeration pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the biological floc pool and continuously aerates the water body to ensure that the water body rolls up and down to enable the biological floc to be continuously suspended in the water body and not sink to the bottom of the pool for accumulation, a Roots blower is used for supplying air, the air supply pipeline and the aeration pipeline are made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) material pipelines, the PVC aeration pipeline laid at the bottom of the pool is drilled on the pipeline to enable the air to escape, the hole opening direction faces the bottom of the pool, namely the bottom of the pipeline, the aim is to enable the air escaping from the pipeline to directly wash the bottom of the pool, and the floc and particles which are possibly accumulated between the pipeline and the bottom of; the bottom of the biological floc pool is provided with a water outlet for sewage discharge and drainage, the top of the pool wall is provided with an overflow port for leading excessive water out of the biological floc pool and preventing the excessive water from overflowing the biological floc pool, and an overflow pipeline is connected into the water mixing pool;
in addition, a physical filtering tank is arranged behind the biological floc tank, a fall exists between the physical filtering tank and the biological floc tank, the biological floc tank is higher, an overflow port is arranged at the tail part of the biological floc tank, and a water body overflows from the biological floc tank and enters the physical filtering tank; a crawler-type micro-filter or a filter screen (one of the two is selected, wherein the crawler-type micro-filter can be automatically back-flushed, and the filter screen needs to be periodically removed for manual back-flushing cleaning) is obliquely arranged in the physical filter tank, biological flocs are isolated at the water inlet end of the physical filter tank, and filtered clean water flows into the water outlet end; the bottom of the physical filter tank is also paved with an aeration pipeline, particularly aeration pipes are more densely paved under a crawler-type micro-filter or a filter screen which is obliquely arranged, the positions of drill holes on the aeration pipeline in the physical filter tank are positioned at the upper side of a PVC pipeline, and gas directly escapes into a water body without backflushing the bottom of the tank; if the installed physical filtering device is a filtering screen, the gas escaping from the aeration pipeline floats upwards to pass through the filtering screen, so that the backflushing effect can be realized on the filtering screen, suspended particles and floccules blocked on the filtering screen are flushed away from the filtering screen, and the filtering screen is protected from being blocked due to the blocking of too many suspended particles and floccules; the water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the front end region of the water inlet of the physical filtering tank, namely the front part of the physical filtering device, the drainage pipeline is connected into the water mixing tank, and the water mixing tank has the function of discharging a large amount of biological flocs mixed with the water at the front end of the physical filtering tank out of the physical filtering tank at regular time and quantity, so that the physical filtering device is not blocked by the excessive amount of the flocs in the physical filtering tank;
and finally, after the rear end of the physical filter tank is not subjected to filtration, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the physical filter tank, a water outlet pipeline is connected into the culture area, and clear water filtered by the physical filter tank is input into the culture area for use.
The invention provides a permanently external biological floc prawn circulating water culture system, wherein a biological floc water treatment process is independent of a culture water body, the culture process is isolated from a water treatment process, and a biological floc water treatment method is embedded into a circulating water treatment method, so that a circulating water culture system suitable for prawn culture is constructed, the system cost is reduced, the daily maintenance and management are simplified, the culture efficiency is improved, and the technical advantages of biological floc culture and circulating water culture in prawn production are fully exerted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention separates the biological floc from the prawn culture water body to operate independently and combines with the circulating water treatment system, so that the biological floc pool replaces a biological filter tank in the traditional circulating water culture system, the whole circulating water system added into the biological floc pool is adjusted in structure and function, and the physical filtration is placed behind the biological floc pool.
(2) The aeration pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the biological floc pool, aeration is continuously carried out on the pool bottom, the water body is ensured to roll up and down, the biological floc can be continuously suspended in the water body and can not sink to the pool bottom to be accumulated, gas escaping from the pipeline directly washes the pool bottom, the floc and particles possibly accumulated between the pipeline and the pool bottom and at the pool bottom are flushed to enter the water body, and meanwhile, enough oxygen is provided to supply aerobic reaction in the biological floc.
(3) The slope sets up filtering mechanism in the physics filtering ponds, and its front and back end all is equipped with the delivery port, and the front end delivery port can be with the physics filtering ponds front end be mingled with the water of a large amount of biological wadding groups and regularly discharge the physics filtering ponds quantitatively, makes the wadding group volume in the physics filtering ponds unlikely to too much jam physics filter equipment, and the rear end delivery port is promptly after not worrying filter equipment, inserts through outlet conduit and breeds the district, will use through the clear water input breed district of physics device filtration back.
(4) The drilling position on the aeration pipeline in the physical filter tank is located on the upper side of the PVC pipeline, gas directly escapes to enter a water body and does not backflush the bottom of the tank, escaping gas of the aeration pipeline floats upwards to play a backflushing role on the filter screen when passing through the filter screen, and the suspended particles and the flocs separated from the filter screen are washed away from the filter screen, so that the filter screen is protected from being blocked due to the excessive separated suspended particles and flocs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an outboard region in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an outboard region in example 2;
the system comprises a culture pond 1, a culture pond water outlet 11, a culture pond water outlet pipe 12, a water mixing pond 2, a water mixing pond water replenishing pipe 21, a water mixing pond water outlet 22, a water mixing pond water outlet pipe 23, a culture area water outlet main pipe 3, a water pump 4, a water lifting pipe 41, a biological flocculation pond 5, a biological flocculation pond overflow pipe 51, a biological flocculation pond water outlet 52, a biological flocculation pond water outlet pipe 53, a biological flocculation pond aeration pipe network 54, a biological flocculation pond overflow port 55, a physical filtration pond 6, a filtration screen 61, a physical filtration pond water outlet 62, a physical filtration pond water outlet pipe 63, a physical filtration pond aeration pipe network 64, a physical filtration pond water outlet 65, a Roots blower 7, a culture area water inlet main pipe 8, a culture pond water inlet pipe 9 and a distribution pond 10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-3, a circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on biological floc water treatment technology comprises a farming area and an external treatment area; wherein,
the culture area comprises a culture pond 1 and a water mixing pond 2; the culture pond is used for culturing prawns, a culture pond water outlet 11 is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, a pull-plug switch is arranged on the water outlet, namely a 90-degree elbow is arranged on a water drainage pipeline, a bent opening is vertically upward, a PVC pipe higher than the culture liquid level is inserted into the bent opening, at the moment, the liquid level height in the vertically inserted PVC pipe is consistent with the liquid level height in the culture pond due to the water pressure relation, once the PVC pipe is pulled out, the culture pond starts to drain water, and then the culture pond can stop draining water when being plugged, preferably, an electromagnetic valve can be installed, and the drainage action can; the water outlet 11 of the culture pond is communicated with the water outlet pipe 12 of the culture pond, and the water outlet pipe 12 of the culture pond is converged into the water outlet main pipe 3 of the culture area; the main drainage pipe 3 of the culture area is connected into the mixed water tank 2, and all the culture water is drained into the mixed water tank; a water mixing pool water supplementing pipe 21 is arranged on one side of the water mixing pool 2 and is externally connected with a water inlet pipe, and external new water enters the water mixing pool through the water mixing pool water supplementing pipe to supplement the water quantity required by the whole system; a mixed water pond water outlet 22 is arranged on the other side of the mixed water pond 2, a pull-plug switch consistent with the water outlet of the culture pond is arranged on the water outlet, the pull-plug switch is connected with a mixed water pond water outlet pipe 23 and is connected with the whole culture system, and water in the mixed water pond can be discharged out of the whole system; a water pump 4 is arranged in the mixed water tank 2 and is connected with one end of a water lifting pipe 41, the other end of the water lifting pipe is connected into a biological floc tank 5, and water in the mixed water tank is lifted into the biological floc tank by the water pump;
the external treatment area comprises a biological flocculation tank 5 and a physical filtering tank 6; the upper edge of the wall of the biological flocculation tank 5 is provided with a biological flocculation tank overflow pipe 51, the tail end of the biological flocculation tank is connected with the water mixing tank 2, and when the water level in the biological flocculation tank is too high, the water can flow back into the water mixing tank through the overflow pipe to prevent the water from overflowing out of the biological flocculation tank; the center of the biological flocculation tank is provided with a biological flocculation tank water outlet 52, the biological flocculation tank water outlet 53 is connected below the biological flocculation tank, the bottom of the whole biological flocculation tank is shaped like a pan bottom, the periphery of the whole biological flocculation tank is inclined towards the central water outlet, drainage is facilitated when drainage is needed, a valve is arranged on the water outlet 53, and the valve is opened when drainage is needed; the bottom of the biological flocculation tank is provided with a biological flocculation tank aeration pipe network 54 which is connected with the Roots blower 7 through a gas pipe and the Roots blower supplies gas to the biological flocculation tank aeration pipe network through the gas pipe; the aeration pipe network 54 of the biological flocculation tank is divided into a branch pipeline and a main pipeline, a hole is drilled on the branch pipeline to be used as an aeration hole, the hole is drilled towards the bottom of the tank, and the bottom of the tank is firstly washed when gas escapes in the aeration process, so that sediments are prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of the tank; the biological floc pool 5 and the physical filtering pool 6 are adjacently arranged, an overflow port 55 of the biological floc pool is arranged on the common side wall, and water in the biological floc pool overflows on the surface layer of the water body and enters the physical filtering pool; a filtering screen 61 is arranged in the physical filtering tank 6, the filtering screen 61 is arranged at the end close to the biological floc tank, is high at the end far from the biological floc tank, is inclined at an included angle of 40 degrees with the bottom of the tank, and is used for screening out suspended matters mainly containing biological flocs in intercepted water, the water passing through the filtering screen is a clear water body, the recycling standard is reached after the biological filtering in the biological floc tank and the physical filtering in the physical filtering tank, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and suspended particles in the water body are all reduced to the recycling standard, and the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and suspended particles in the water body are discharged from the physical filtering tank and enter a culture system for recycling; a physical filtering tank water outlet 62 is arranged between the common side wall of the physical filtering tank 6 and the lower end of the filtering screen 61, is connected with a physical filtering tank water outlet pipe 63 and is used for draining water in the physical filtering tank, and can discharge water mixed with a large amount of biological flocs at the front end of the physical filtering tank out of the physical filtering tank at regular time and quantity, so that the amount of the flocs in the physical filtering tank is not too much to block a physical filtering device; the physical filter tank aeration pipe network 64 is arranged at the bottom of the physical filter tank and is connected with the Roots blower 7 through a gas pipe, and the Roots blower supplies gas to the physical filter tank aeration pipe network through the gas pipe; the physical filtering tank aeration pipe network 64 is divided into a branch pipeline and a main pipeline, a hole is drilled on the branch pipeline to serve as an aeration hole, the hole is drilled upwards, the main function is to wash suspended matters intercepted on the filtering screen, the filtering screen is prevented from being blocked by excessive suspended matters, the content of the suspended matters in water is greatly reduced after the water passes through the filtering screen, the sediment at the bottom of the tank is also greatly reduced, the aeration is not needed to be continuously carried out to wash the bottom of the tank, and only the upward aeration is needed to wash the filtering screen; a physical filtering pond water outlet 65 is formed in the bottom of the physical filtering pond below the filtering screen, the physical filtering pond water outlet is connected with a breeding pond water inlet pipe 9 through a breeding area water inlet main pipe 8, water is distributed into each breeding pond through the breeding pond water inlet pipe after the water is physically filtered, and the water entering the breeding area is recycled;
the water circulation flow direction of the whole culture system is as follows: the culture pond → the mixed water pond → the biological floccule pond → the physical filter pond → the culture pond.
The breeding pond water discharge pipe 12 is made of PVC material, and the breeding area water discharge main pipe 4 is made of PE material.
The water mixing pool water outlet 22 is the lowest point of the water mixing pool, and the bottom of the water mixing pool is inclined towards the water mixing pool water outlet, so that water can be drained conveniently; the mixed water tank drain pipe 23 is made of PE.
The overflow pipe of the biological flocculation tank and the drain pipe of the biological flocculation tank are made of PE materials.
The aeration pipe network of the biological flocculation tank is made of PE materials, the main pipeline adopts a PE pipe with the diameter of 50mm, the branch pipeline adopts a PE pipe with the diameter of 20mm, and holes with the diameter of 2mm are drilled on the branch pipelines to serve as aeration holes.
The physical filtration tank drain 63 is made of PE.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 4, the external treatment area further comprises a distribution basin 10 connected to the other side wall of the physical filtration basin 6, and the side wall is provided with an overflow port; the bottom end of the distribution tank is a physical filtering tank water outlet 65 which is connected with a water inlet main pipe 8 of the culture area. The distribution tank is positioned at the rearmost end of the water treatment area, a small tank can be isolated from the tail end of the water treatment tank to the middle of the water treatment tank where the filter sieve is positioned to serve as the distribution tank, the distribution tank and the filter sieve can be separated by a partition plate or a solid wall, an overflow port is formed in the upper portion of the partition plate or the solid wall, water filtered by the filter screen overflows into the distribution tank, a water outlet is formed in the bottom end of the distribution tank, and water in the high-level distribution tank flows into the culture area through a connecting pipeline (a main water inlet pipeline of the culture area).
The invention provides a south America white shrimp recirculating aquaculture system of an external biological floc, which separates the biological floc from a shrimp aquaculture water body to independently operate and is combined with a recirculating water treatment system, so that a biological floc pool replaces a biological filter tank in the traditional recirculating water aquaculture system, the whole recirculating water system added with the biological floc pool is adjusted in structure and function, and physical filtration is placed behind the biological floc pool.
Claims (7)
1. A circulating water penaeus vannamei farming systems based on biological flocculation water treatment technology which is characterized in that: comprises a culture area and an external treatment area; wherein,
the culture area comprises a culture pond and a mixed water pond; the culture pond is used for culturing the prawns, a culture pond water outlet is formed in the bottom of the culture pond and is communicated with a culture pond water discharge pipe, and the culture pond water discharge pipe is converged into a culture area water discharge header pipe; a main drainage pipe of the culture area is connected into a water mixing pool; one side of the water mixing pool is provided with a water supplementing pipe of the water mixing pool and is externally connected with a water inlet pipe; the other side of the water mixing pool is provided with a water mixing pool water outlet which is connected with a water mixing pool water outlet pipe and is connected with the whole culture system; a water pump is arranged in the mixed water tank and is connected with one end of a water extraction pipe, and the other end of the water extraction pipe is connected into the biological floc tank;
the external treatment area comprises a biological floccule pool and a physical filtering pool; the upper edge of the wall of the biological flocculation tank is provided with a biological flocculation tank overflow pipe, and the tail end of the biological flocculation tank overflow pipe is connected with the mixed water tank; the center of the biological floc pool is a drainage port of the biological floc pool, and is connected with a drainage pipe of the biological floc pool in a lower mode, and the drainage pipe is provided with a valve; the biological flocculation tank aeration pipe network is arranged at the bottom of the biological flocculation tank, is connected with the Roots blower through a gas pipe, and is supplied with gas by the Roots blower through the gas pipe; the aeration pipe network of the biological flocculation tank is divided into a branch pipeline and a main pipeline, a hole is drilled on the branch pipeline to serve as an aeration hole, and the hole is drilled towards the bottom of the tank; the biological floc pool and the physical filtering pool are adjacently arranged, and an overflow port of the biological floc pool is arranged on the common side wall; a crawler-type microfilter or a filtering screen is arranged in the physical filtering tank, the crawler-type microfilter or the filtering screen is low near the biological floc tank end and high far from the biological floc tank end, and is obliquely arranged at an included angle of 40 degrees with the tank bottom; a physical filtering tank water outlet is arranged between the common side wall of the physical filtering tank and the lower end of the crawler-type micro-filter or the filtering screen and is connected with a physical filtering tank water outlet pipe; the physical filter tank aeration pipe network is arranged at the bottom of the physical filter tank and is connected with the Roots blower through a gas pipe, and the Roots blower supplies gas to the physical filter tank aeration pipe network through the gas pipe; the aeration pipe network of the physical filter tank is divided into a branch pipeline and a main pipeline, a hole is drilled on the branch pipeline to serve as an aeration hole, the hole is drilled upwards, a physical filter tank water outlet is formed in the bottom of the physical filter tank below the crawler-type micro-filter or the filter screen, the physical filter tank water inlet is connected with a culture tank water inlet pipe through a culture area water inlet main pipe, water filtered through physical filtration is distributed into each culture tank through the culture tank water inlet pipe, and the water filtered through physical filtration enters the culture area for cyclic utilization;
the water circulation flow direction of the whole culture system is as follows: the culture pond → the mixed water pond → the biological floccule pond → the physical filter pond → the culture pond.
2. The circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology according to claim 1, wherein: the water discharge pipe of the culture pond is made of PVC material, and the water discharge main pipe of the culture area is made of PE material.
3. The circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology according to claim 1, wherein: the water outlet of the water mixing pool is the lowest point of the water mixing pool, and the bottom of the water mixing pool inclines towards the water outlet of the water mixing pool; the water discharge pipe of the mixed water tank is made of PE materials.
4. The circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology according to claim 1, wherein: the overflow pipe of the biological flocculation tank and the drain pipe of the biological flocculation tank are made of PE materials.
5. The circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology according to claim 1, wherein: the aeration pipe network of the biological flocculation tank is made of PE materials, the main pipeline adopts a PE pipe with the diameter of 50mm, the branch pipeline adopts a PE pipe with the diameter of 20mm, and holes with the diameter of 2mm are drilled on the branch pipelines to serve as aeration holes.
6. The circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology according to claim 1, wherein: the drain pipe of the physical filtering tank is made of PE material.
7. The circulating water penaeus vannamei farming system based on the biological floc water treatment technology according to claim 1, wherein: the external treatment area also comprises a water distribution pool, the water distribution pool is connected with the other side wall of the physical filter pool, and an overflow port is arranged on the side wall; the bottom end of the distribution tank is a physical filtering tank water outlet which is connected with a water inlet main pipe of the culture area.
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Application publication date: 20190903 |