CN110177691B - 用于产生表面结构的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于产生表面结构的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110177691B CN110177691B CN201780063599.5A CN201780063599A CN110177691B CN 110177691 B CN110177691 B CN 110177691B CN 201780063599 A CN201780063599 A CN 201780063599A CN 110177691 B CN110177691 B CN 110177691B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于借助于数字印刷技术在基底上生产压花的方法和设备。该方法提供:在非聚合树脂层上涂敷压花液例如水基压花液;以及借助于UV固化进行树脂的后续聚合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于产生表面结构的方法和设备。
特别地,本发明涉及一种借助于数字印刷在基底上生产压花三维涂层的方法。
本发明属于用于在不同类型材料的制品、基底、载体(诸如例如用于生产地板、涂层、家具且更一般地用于建筑和设计表面的面板)的表面上产生三维性和压花的材料和方法的技术领域。本发明的技术目的可以进一步被用于再现可在生物学、光学和电子学的领域中使用的微结构。
背景技术
数字印刷(且特别是喷墨印刷)越来越多地在工业领域中建立自己,取代了基于模拟印刷的传统方法。数字印刷的优点是显著的,且包括高度的灵活性,能够产生有限的运行并减少消耗品的浪费。
特别地,木材在各种材料上的再现是数字印刷在地板、家具面板、踢脚板、型材的生产中并且一般而言在设计和建筑的领域中的典型应用。
通常,材料可以由木材及衍生产品(MDF/HDF/颗粒板/胶合板)、塑料(PVC/聚烯烃)、金属构成,其上印刷有图像,该材料进而通常由涂料保护,从而增加其耐磨性和耐刮擦性。
特别地,在地板和家具面板的情况下,印刷后的精整涉及使用三聚氰胺树脂层(层压件)或借助于通常技术(辊/喷涂/薄层/模具)涂敷的涂料。涂料可以是各种性质的、可光固化的环氧树脂、聚氨酯、热熔体。
当再现天然材料(诸如木材和石材)时,在图像旁边需要再现其表面结构,以便获得在触摸时也与原始材料更相似的材料。
通常在表面层上进行压花,并且压花可以通过各种方法获得,传统地借助于用模具、辊或带进行压制,在其上再现待压花的结构。该工艺可以通过在未经完全硬化的树脂上、在热塑性材料上、在可光固化树脂上进行压制且同时照射和光聚合来进行。
为了如实地再现天然材料,期望的特征是使压花结构与印刷图像对齐,即,获得凹凸性与印刷图像之间的对应关系。采用传统工艺,对于所要求的精度以及对于与待用对应图像印刷的各种结构对应的多个模具的需求而言,都不容易获得对齐的压花。
用于以简单且高效的方式再现结构的方法采用数字印刷将甚至更合适,这允许容易地生产不同的图像。
事实上,用于捕获材料图像的现代扫描仪(例如,METIS DRS 2000)也允许同时捕获表面结构,这可有利地用于对齐的压花。
鉴于压花的广泛使用,它应该具有简单性和成本效益的特征。
因此,目前期望找到快速、简单、可应用于不同材料的表面上的对齐并且成本有效的用于压花物品表面的新方法。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面,申请人已经发现了一种用于借助于数字印刷技术在基底上生产压花的方法。
特别地,本发明的方法有利地提供了借助于数字印刷将压花液涂敷在树脂和/或含有它的墨和/或涂料的涂层或层的一部分上(优选地在树脂尚未硬化或已经部分硬化时)。压花液的沉积可在树脂层/涂层上生产凹陷或凸起。然后通常借助于UV固化使压花树脂聚合,并去除压花液。根据一些实施例,涂料的聚合和压花液的去除可同时发生。
申请人已经进一步意外地发现:在本发明的压花方法中,能够使用水作为压花液。
根据第一方面,本发明因此涉及一种用于产生三维表面的方法和设备,包括以下步骤:
A)将涂料涂敷在材料的表面上;
B)将水基压花液涂敷在涂料上;
C)优选地借助于UV或EB(电子束)照射使涂料聚合;
D)去除压花液。
如上所限定或如权利要求1中所限定的本发明的实施例如下所示。
本发明的方法以高效且成本有效的方式再现对齐的结构。
与用于提供与下层印刷图像对应的辊或模具的雕刻的对齐压花(EIR)的背景技术不同,本发明的方法使用数字印刷技术来生产基底的压花。本发明的方法是灵活的并且能够管理各个文件。
此外,通过本发明的方法获得的压花结构具有期望的耐受性和硬度的特征,因为如在地板中或家具中或设计家装中使用的面板的情况中用于保护基底的涂层本身是压花的。
通过本发明的方法可获得的多功能性和解决方案允许其也用于使用微流体领域的典型微结构的应用中。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的工艺的步骤A)-C)的两个示意性再现图,其中获得具有负压花和正压花的基底;
图2示出了用于再现本发明的方法的设备的一实施例;
图3借助于激光轮廓曲线仪分析而示出了具有通过示例1中描述的方法所获得的装饰性表面压花的基底。
具体实施方式
根据一方面,本发明涉及一种用于在基底上生产三维压花涂层的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
A)将未聚合的可光固化树脂或含有它的涂料或墨涂敷在基底的表面上,从而形成涂层;
B)在该涂层的至少一部分上涂敷水基压花液;
C)借助于用UV或EB束(电子束)照射来聚合可光固化树脂;
D)可选地,去除该压花液。
在本发明的范围内,采用的墨和/或涂料适用于待装饰的基底的涂层。
通常,涂层树脂可以具有各种化学性质,诸如例如三聚氰胺、聚氨酯、环氧树脂,且优选可光固化树脂。
优选地,树脂具有高固体含量,例如相对于树脂重量等于20-30重量%,从而使可压花层最大化并消除由于溶剂的蒸发引起的压花液的影响(如果有的话)。
优选地,所使用的树脂是可光固化的。
例如,基于固化机理,可光固化树脂可被分为两种类型:1)自由基,通常为丙烯酸酯树脂和乙烯基单体;2)阳离子树脂,诸如环氧树脂,多元醇和单体,诸如氧杂环丁烷和乙烯基醚。
类型1可被分为不同的子类别:环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯、氨基丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯、聚异戊二烯丙烯酸酯、聚丁二烯丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯单体。术语丙烯酸酯是指丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯树脂两者。
乙烯基单体包括N-乙烯基己内酰胺(NVC)、丙烯酰基吗啉(ACMO)、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚(DVE-2)、三甘醇二乙烯基醚(DVE-3)及其混合物。
前述树脂的相关在于它们借助于由紫外线装置照射的能量来聚合和硬化。
在本发明的一优选实施例中,涂层涂料包括:一种或更多种可光固化树脂、光引发剂、填料,诸如例如氧化铝,以增加其耐磨性;滑石,以改变其流变性;二氧化硅,以减少其光泽;碳酸钙;和其它添加剂,例如流平剂、润湿剂、增滑剂、流变改性剂,其通常用于保护地板和家具表面免受磨损、刮擦和擦伤。
有利地,光固化树脂含有能够增加压花深度的聚硅氧烷。通常,添加聚硅氧烷为从0.01%至20%、从0.01%至10%、从0.01%至2%。各种可用的产品包括聚硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷聚醚、聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧烷聚醚丙烯酸酯。
在相同的效果下,可光固化树脂的配方可含有流变改性剂诸如触变剂,其具有在深度和清晰度方面都更好地维持压花形状的功能。
通常,所使用的树脂是可光固化树脂,并且借助于例如在书籍“RadiationCuring:Science and Technology(辐射固化:科学和技术)”(Pappas)中所描述的常规技术获得光固化。
在本发明的一优选实施例中,涂层是借助于数字印刷涂敷的可光固化的印刷涂料和/或可光固化的印刷墨。
可在本发明的方法中使用的基底可以是不同性质的材料,诸如木材和衍生产品,例如MDF、HDF、颗粒板、多层木材、纤维素基材料,诸如纸或纸板、金属、塑料材料、石材、玻璃、陶瓷及其复合物。
取决于本发明的方法的应用(例如用于家具、地板、固定装置、型材的涂层)来选择基底。
在一个实施例中,压花液是水基的。该液体具有高表面张力、能够易于去除和成本有效的优点。
在一些实施例中,水基压花液含有添加剂,这些添加剂用于改变其性质,诸如表面张力和/或流变性和/或可印刷性和/或颜色。
特别地,添加表面张力改性剂有助于稳定液体并改进可印刷性,尤其是在使用喷墨印刷机时。
在一些实施例中,压花液包括聚硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯。聚硅氧烷的存在改进了可压花性并为处理过的涂层提供了天然的外观,从美学的观点来看这是可以特别理解的。各种可用的产品包括聚硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷聚醚、聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧烷聚醚丙烯酸酯。
根据一些实施例,压花液可以含有适于改进压花效果和/或赋予压花以外的不同功能的其它物质,并且可以包括光引发剂、流平剂、油、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、杀生物剂、颜料、流变改性剂、保湿剂、消泡剂及其混合物。
压花深度或压花层厚度的控制可以以不同的方式(要么通过涂敷更多的压花液,要么通过增加或减少在压花液的涂敷和随后的涂料聚合之间的时间)来调节。因此,通过或多或少地作用压花液,可以获得或多或少的深压花,其是负的(凹面)和正的(凸面)。
优选地,为了创建整洁和精确的效果,压花液具有比待压花的涂料高的表面张力,而在其它情况下,可以降低表面张力以获得更柔和的压花。
基底层/涂层具有可变的厚度。
举例来说,在没有压花的部分中,涂层可以具有在从1μ至400μ、从2μ至100μ、从3μ至50μ的范围中的厚度,并且在压花区域中,涂层可以具有在从0.05μ至100μ、从0.5μ至50μ、从1μ至25μ的范围中的厚度。
从下面的描述中,本发明的工艺和用于实现它的设备将变得更加明显,其中参考了附图1和图2中所示的实施例。
根据一些实施例,借助于数字技术(例如,如图2中点2所示,使用喷墨印刷),或者借助于使用中的常规技术(诸如辊/喷涂/薄层/模具/槽模),可以将待压花的树脂或包含它的涂料或墨涂敷在基底上。
在本发明的一些实施例中,在下层印刷图像的树脂或包含它而未硬化的涂料或墨上进行压花液的涂敷。
通常,借助于一个或更多个Hg灯和/或LED灯(例如,如图2中点5所示),可以执行通过UV照射的光聚合。优选地,这些灯被安装在移动系统上,该移动系统允许使这些灯或多或少地靠近压花液涂敷系统,以便更好地控制其作用,从而调节其效果。例如,为了获得暗哑的哑光效果,预聚合/聚合应在喷墨涂敷之后立即进行,如图2中点4所示。
因为UV灯发热,压花液的去除可以与光聚合同时进行,如图2中点5所示,或者可以在不同的步骤进行。在这种情况下,可以借助于适于使水蒸发的通常技术(例如红外线或热空气辐射)执行压花液的去除(步骤D)。
在本发明的另一实施例中,在两个不同的步骤中执行压花液的涂敷,并且这允许例如通过使用两种压花液来获得组合效果。
通常,本发明的方法借助于喷墨印刷头来提供压花液的涂敷。
喷墨印刷既可以在多通/扫描模式(其中在待印刷的材料前进的同时,通过印刷头的多次通过来产生图像)下也可以在单通模式(其中待印刷的材料仅在沿着材料本身的最大宽度安装的印刷头下通过一次)下。单通印刷用于大批量印刷,而多通印刷明确地是最常见的印刷。
通常,喷墨印刷提供使用印刷头来创建和铺设液滴,然后液滴将形成待印刷的图像。举例来说,这种类型的印刷的细节可以在书籍“Fundamentals of inkjet printing:the science of inkjet and droplets(喷墨印刷的基本原理:喷墨和液滴的科学)”(Hoath,Stephen)中找到。
取决于所使用的喷墨印刷头,生产的液滴可具有不同的体积并因此具有不同的直径。举例来说,下表示出液滴的体积和对应的直径。
表1
除了作为印刷头的固有特征的液滴的原始尺寸之外,印刷头本身可能产生较大的液滴。例如,能够铺设4级灰度的印刷头将具有测量值6pl的最小液滴,而最大的液滴将测量为18pl(表1)。
有利地,小液滴的涂敷可用于产生微沟槽和微孔,其测量几微米,典型为微流体,用于生产传感器和功能装置。
小液滴的进一步涂敷允许产生微结构,这些微结构使得压花涂料/树脂/墨的表面哑光。对于后面这种应用,可以同时获得光泽和哑光表面,这具有有趣的美学效果。
在本发明的另一实施例中,待压花的树脂可含有膨胀剂,以获得高压花体积,同时限制压花层的重量和/或成本。通常,可以使用填充有气体的中空聚合物微球,这些中空聚合物微球在某些温度体积增加;例如可以使用EXPANCEL。膨胀步骤优选在涂敷压花液之前进行。
除了再现天然材料(诸如木材和石材)之外,本发明的方法还可用于产生通常为图形和/或装饰领域的三维结构。
有利地,本发明的方法可用于以传统方式(轮转凹板印刷/柔版印刷/胶印)压花印刷表面。
提供以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明,而不旨在限制由所附权利要求限定的保护范围。
示例1
借助于涂料辊将用于精整地板的50g/sqm的可光固化涂料(Renner UO-240)以15m/min的速度一致地涂敷到MDF面板。随后,使面板在单通型喷墨印刷机下通过,通过该单通型喷墨印刷机涂敷由H2O+2%TEGO RAD 2100(丙烯酸酯聚硅氧烷)构成的压花液。在涂敷之后,由压花液在涂料上产生的凸面变得明显。所使用的印刷机(CEFLA)配备有DIMATIXSTARFIRE 1024印刷头,使用天然橡木截面的扫描仪(METIS)来进行的三维扫描获得所印刷的图像。然后借助于专用软件(RIP)将图像上载到印刷机。随后,用由中压Hg灯产生的160w/cm的紫外光照射该面板。除了UV光束之外,灯还产生热,在这种情况下,热足以使压花液中含有的水蒸发,同时借助于UV灯使压花液中含有的丙烯酸酯聚硅氧烷聚合。在光聚合之后,树脂干燥且难以触摸,其中所印刷的木纹明显,压花被明确地限定,并且与所扫描的天然材料细节完全一样。借助于激光轮廓曲线仪分析(3D轮廓仪-美国)最好地看到该结构,如图3中所示。
示例2
将可光固化的灰色清漆(100g/sqm)涂敷到载体材料。随后,使该载体在配备有DIMATIX STARFIRE 1024S印刷头的单通型喷墨印刷机下通过,通过该单通型喷墨印刷机涂敷由H2O构成的压花液。然后用由中压Hg灯产生的160w/cm紫外光照射载体。在表面上,由具有可变字体的文本构成的印刷图像非常明显。
示例3
将高光泽可光固化涂料(Renner UO-240)涂敷到载体材料。
使载体在配备有DIMATIX STARFIRE 1024S印刷头的单通型喷墨印刷机下通过,其最小液滴为10pl,通过该单通型喷墨印刷机,仅使用最小液滴涂敷由H2O构成的压花液。然后立即用395nm 8w/cm2的PHOSEON FIRELINE灯照射载体,随后用160w/cm的中压DR照射载体。Hg灯完成涂料的聚合。由于由喷墨印刷头铺设的微滴产生的微结构,涂料均匀地哑光。原始涂料实际上等于85光泽度单位,而在涂敷后,涂料等于35光泽度单位。
示例4
将20μ的可光固化制剂涂敷到载体材料(PET)。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于在基底上生产三维表面的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将可光固化树脂或含有它的涂料或墨涂敷在基底的表面上,从而形成涂层;
B)将水基压花液涂敷在所述涂层的一部分上;
C)借助于用紫外光束照射来聚合所述可光固化树脂;
D)去除所述压花液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述可光固化树脂能以自由基和/或阳离子方式被聚合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中能以自由基方式被聚合的所述可光固化树脂选自丙烯酸酯单体、乙烯基单体及其混合物,并且能以阳离子方式被聚合的所述可光固化树脂选自环氧树脂、多元醇、氧杂环丁烷单体、乙烯基单体及其混合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述丙烯酸酯单体选自由环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯、氨基丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯、聚异戊二烯丙烯酸酯、聚丁二烯丙烯酸酯及其混合物构成的组;所述乙烯基单体选自由N-乙烯基己内酰胺(NVC)、丙烯酰基吗啉(ACMO)、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚(DVE-2)、三甘醇二乙烯基醚(DVE-3)及其混合物构成的组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述可光固化树脂包括一种或更多种膨胀剂,所述膨胀剂在涂敷所述压花液之前膨胀。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述压花液含有选自表面张力改性剂、丙烯酸树脂、可光固化树脂、光引发剂、增滑剂、润湿剂、油、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、消泡剂、保湿剂、杀生物剂、着色剂、填料及其混合物的至少一种物质。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述着色剂是颜料。
8.根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述压花液包括聚硅氧烷和/或聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述压花液具有比待压花的所述涂料高的表面张力。
10.根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述树脂被包含在着色的涂料中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述着色的涂料是染色的涂料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中借助于喷墨印刷头涂敷所述压花液。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用不同的喷墨印刷系统在两个或更多个不同的步骤中涂敷所述压花液。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中与所述基底的印刷图像对齐地涂敷所述压花液。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述树脂或含有它的涂料的聚合和所述压花液的去除同时进行。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述树脂或含有它的涂料的聚合在若干不同的步骤中进行,所述若干不同的步骤包括第一预聚合/凝胶化步骤和随后的聚合步骤。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中产生哑光表面。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述涂料的表面上同时产生光泽区域和哑光区域。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在去除所述压花液之后,在所述涂层的压花表面上涂敷涂料,以便提供进一步的保护和/或使所述表面本身哑光。
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IT102017000033636A IT201700033636A1 (it) | 2017-03-27 | 2017-03-27 | Metodo e apparato per generare una struttura superficiale |
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PCT/IB2017/056343 WO2018069874A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Method and apparatus for generating a superficial structure |
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PT3415316T (pt) | 2017-06-13 | 2020-05-06 | Hymmen Gmbh Maschinen & Anlagenbau | Processo e dispositivo de fabrico de uma superfície estruturada |
PL3415317T5 (pl) † | 2017-06-13 | 2023-11-27 | Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau | Sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania powierzchni dekoracyjnej |
IT201900007377A1 (it) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-11-28 | Giorgio Macor | Metodo e apparato per generare una struttura superficiale |
WO2020039361A1 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | Giorgio Macor | Method and apparatus for generating a superficial structure |
IT201800008133A1 (it) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-22 | Giorgio Macor | Metodo e apparato per generare una struttura tridimensionale |
US11203224B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2021-12-21 | Interface, Inc. | Digital printing for flooring and decorative structures |
EP4159472A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2023-04-05 | Jesús Francisco Barberan Latorre | Method for producing a three-dimensional structure on a surface of a flat substrate, resulting substrate, and device for producing the substrate according to the method |
JP7145058B2 (ja) | 2018-12-07 | 2022-09-30 | 花王株式会社 | 塗膜の形成方法 |
DE102019206431A1 (de) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-05 | Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Struktur auf einer Oberfläche |
JP7372090B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-13 | 2023-10-31 | 株式会社ミマキエンジニアリング | インクジェット印刷方法 |
EP3865308A1 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-18 | Jesús Francisco Barberan Latorre | Method and machine for producing reliefs, as well as panels containing said reliefs |
IT202000020143A1 (it) | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-13 | Giorgio Macor | Pannello decorato |
IT202100008192A1 (it) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-01 | Giorgio Macor | Metodo per decorare un materiale |
EP4129711A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2023-02-08 | Flooring Industries Limited, SARL | Method for manufacturing a product comprising a decorative surface layer |
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US11673364B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
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CN110177691A (zh) | 2019-08-27 |
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