CN110174466B - Electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110174466B CN110174466B CN201910458392.9A CN201910458392A CN110174466B CN 110174466 B CN110174466 B CN 110174466B CN 201910458392 A CN201910458392 A CN 201910458392A CN 110174466 B CN110174466 B CN 110174466B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and discloses an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe and a construction method thereof, wherein the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe is used for detecting an annular pipeline and comprises the following components: a racetrack coil and two magnet groups; the radians of the runway coil and the magnetic group are the same as those of the annular pipeline; the runway coil is arranged in the annular pipeline along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline, and the two magnetic groups are arranged on the runway coil along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline; each magnetic group comprises a plurality of permanent magnets which are arranged in sequence, magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in the magnetic groups are arranged in a periodic staggered mode, and the magnetic poles at the end points of the two magnetic groups are opposite. According to the invention, by designing the runway coil and the magnetic group with the same radian as the annular pipeline and designing the shape of the magnet attached to the detection object, the signal-to-noise ratio of the circumferential horizontal shear guided wave mode excited under a specific frequency is realized, so that the detection probability of the axial crack of the annular pipeline is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe and a construction method thereof.
Background
Ultrasonic inspection refers to a nondestructive inspection method for inspecting internal defects of a metal member by using ultrasonic waves. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the object and encounters a defect, a part of the sound wave is reflected and received by the ultrasonic probe, and the reflected wave is analyzed, so that the defect can be accurately measured, the position and the size of the internal defect can be displayed, the thickness of the material can be measured, and the like.
The guided wave technology has small excitation area, can realize line detection and has great advantages in the aspect of long-distance detection. However, in the prior art, the probe adopted in the flat plate has low detection efficiency on the annular pipeline because of the shape mismatch. The axially propagating guided waves are insensitive to axial defects. This method is not suitable for detailed detection of axial defects. The conventional ultrasonic transmission method is often used for detecting the local wall thickness loss, and although the ultrasonic transmission method can accurately extract the position and severity information of the defect point by point, the required time is long, and the method is difficult to directly apply in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the technical defects and application requirements, the application provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe and a construction method thereof to adapt to axially propagated guided waves and solve the problem that the detection efficiency of a probe adopted in a flat plate on an annular pipeline is low due to shape mismatching.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe for detecting an annular pipe; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe includes:
a racetrack coil and two magnet groups; the radians of the runway coil and the magnetic group are the same as that of the annular pipeline; the runway coil is arranged in the annular pipeline along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline, and the two magnetic groups are arranged on the runway coil along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline; each magnetic group comprises a plurality of permanent magnets which are arranged in sequence, magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in the magnetic groups are arranged in a periodic staggered mode, and the magnetic poles at the end points of the two magnetic groups are opposite.
Further, the racetrack coil comprises: the first curved section, the first parallel section, the second curved section and the second parallel section are connected in sequence; the first parallel section and the second parallel section are parallel to each other and are arranged along the circumferential direction in the annular pipeline, and the first parallel section and the second parallel section are perpendicular to the axial direction of the annular pipeline.
Further, two of the magnetic groups include: a first magnetic group and a second magnetic group; the first magnetic group is arranged on the first parallel section, and the second magnetic group is arranged on the second parallel section.
Further, the first magnetic group and the second magnetic group each include at least three pairs of permanent magnets.
Furthermore, the racetrack coil is a plurality of turns of racetrack-shaped coils or a racetrack-shaped coil made of a flexible circuit board.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for constructing an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe, the method being used for designing the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe, and the method comprising the steps of:
step S1: determining the specific frequency f of the horizontal shear guided wave according to the accurate propagation characteristic model of the circumferential guided wave;
step S2: and determining characteristic parameters of the horizontal shear guided waves according to the specific frequency f to construct the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes:
step S21: determining the phase velocity C and the wavelength lambda of the horizontal shear guided wave according to the specific frequency f;
step S22: and determining parameters of each structure in the runway coil and the magnetic group according to the phase velocity C and the wavelength lambda of the horizontal shear guided wave.
Further, the angle occupied by each permanent magnet is A = lambda/(2 xR), the upper arc length of each permanent magnet is L1= A x (R-h 1-h 2), and the lower arc length of each permanent magnet is L1= A x (R-h 1); wherein, R is the inner diameter of the annular pipeline, h1 is the height of the permanent magnet from the annular pipeline, and h2 is the height of the permanent magnet.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe and a construction method thereof, wherein the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe designs a magnet shape attached to a detection object by designing a runway coil and a magnet group with the same radian as an annular pipeline, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of a circumferential horizontal shear guided wave mode excited under a specific frequency is realized, and the detection probability of axial cracks of the annular pipeline is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an electromagnetic ultrasound excitation probe provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1: a racetrack coil; 2: a magnetic group; 3: an annular duct; 21: and a permanent magnet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, for detecting an annular pipe 3. The electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe includes: a racetrack coil 1 and two magnet groups 2. The radian of the runway coil 1 and the magnetic group 2 are the same as that of the annular pipeline 3. The runway coil 1 is arranged in the annular pipeline 3 along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline 3, and the two magnetic groups 2 are arranged on the runway coil 1 along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline 3. Each magnetic group 2 comprises a plurality of permanent magnets 21 arranged in sequence, the permanent magnets 21 are permanent magnets, such as neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 21 in the magnetic groups 2 are arranged in a periodically staggered manner, the magnetic poles at the end points of the two magnetic groups 2 are opposite, and the south poles (S poles) and the north poles (N poles) are arranged in a periodically staggered manner.
In this embodiment, the permanent magnets 21 in the magnet group 2 are magnetized with the north pole facing downward and the south pole facing upward.
During operation, the permanent magnet 21 provides a bias magnetic field along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the toroidal tube 3. When alternating current is present in the racetrack coil 1, lorentz forces are generated within the toroidal tube 3. Particles on the surface of the ring pipe 3 generate regular high-frequency vibration under the action of lorentz force, and SH (shear horizontal) guided waves are formed in the ring pipe 3. The runway coil 1 and the magnetic group 2 with the same radian as the annular pipeline 3 are designed, the annular pipeline 3 to be detected is attached, and the excited ultrasonic wave in the vibration process is more stable. The current directions of the two sides of the racetrack coil 1 are opposite, and the magnetic pole directions of the adjacent magnets in the two rows of the magnet groups 2 are also opposite. When high-power high-frequency alternating current is conducted in the runway coils 1, the runway coils 1 on two sides excite the horizontal shear guided waves at the same time, and the receiving process is the inverse process of excitation, so that excitation and receiving of the horizontal shear guided waves in the annular pipeline 3 are realized.
The racetrack coil 1 is a racetrack-shaped coil with a plurality of turns or a racetrack-shaped coil made of a flexible circuit board.
The embodiment of the invention provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe, which is characterized in that a magnet shape attached to a detection object is designed by designing a runway coil and a magnet group with the same radian as an annular pipeline, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of a circumferential horizontal shear guided wave mode excited under a specific frequency is realized, and the detection probability of axial cracks of the annular pipeline is effectively improved.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a racetrack coil 1 includes: the device comprises a first curved section, a first parallel section, a second curved section and a second parallel section which are connected in sequence. The first parallel section and the second parallel section are parallel to each other and are arranged along the circumferential direction in the annular pipeline 3, and the first parallel section and the second parallel section are perpendicular to the axial direction of the annular pipeline 3.
Wherein the two magnetic groups 2 comprise: a first magnetic group and a second magnetic group. The first magnetic group is arranged on the first parallel section, and the second magnetic group is arranged on the second parallel section. Each magnetic group 2 completely covers the corresponding parallel section, and the excited guided wave is ensured to obtain larger energy. Meanwhile, by utilizing the magnetic conductivity of the annular pipeline 3, the magnetic group 2 can press the runway coil 1 on the inner surface of the annular pipeline 3 to play a role in fixing.
Wherein the first magnetic group and the second magnetic group each comprise at least three pairs of permanent magnets 21. Preferably, the first magnetic group comprises three pairs of permanent magnets 21 and the second magnetic group also comprises three pairs of permanent magnets 21, i.e. there are 12 permanent magnets 21 in total in 2 magnetic groups 2, of which 6 south poles (S poles) and 6 north poles (N poles).
The embodiment of the invention provides a construction method of an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe, which is used for designing the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe. The electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe is shown in fig. 1 and 2 and comprises a runway coil 1 and two magnetic groups 2. The radian of the runway coil 1 and the magnetic group 2 are the same as that of the annular pipeline 3. The racetrack coil 1 is arranged in the annular pipeline 3 along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline 3, and the two magnetic groups 2 are arranged on the racetrack coil 1 along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline 3. Each magnetic group 2 comprises a plurality of permanent magnets 21 arranged in sequence, the permanent magnets 21 are permanent magnets, such as neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 21 in the magnetic groups 2 are arranged in a periodically staggered mode, the magnetic poles at the end points of the two magnetic groups 2 are opposite, and the south poles (S poles) and the north poles (N poles) are arranged in a periodically staggered mode.
The construction method of the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe comprises the following steps:
step S1: and determining the specific frequency f of the horizontal shear guided wave according to the accurate propagation characteristic model of the circumferential guided wave.
Step S2: and determining characteristic parameters of the horizontal shear guided waves according to the specific frequency f to construct an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe.
Wherein, the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step S21: from the specific frequency f, the phase velocity C and the wavelength λ of the shear horizontal guided wave are determined.
Step S22: and determining parameters of each structure in the runway coil and the magnetic group according to the phase velocity C and the wavelength lambda of the horizontal shear guided wave.
Specifically, after the calculation model is selected, the specific frequency f can be obtained according to each parameter of the annular pipeline. After the specific frequency is determined, the phase velocity C and wavelength λ of the shear horizontal guided wave can be determined. The phase velocity C of the shear horizontal guided wave is different from that of the flat plate, and the phase velocity is not only related to the frequency ω but also related to the radial position r. Wherein C = (ω × r)/(K × b), the outer diameter of the ring pipe is b, and K is the wave number. And selecting the number of the permanent magnets in the magnetic group according to the obtained phase velocity C and wavelength lambda of the ultrasonic guided wave, and calculating the parameters of each permanent magnet.
Wherein, the angle A = lambda/(2 xR) occupied by each permanent magnet, and the upper arc length of each permanent magnet is L1= A × (R-h 1-h 2), lower arc length of each permanent magnet is L1= a × (R-h 1); wherein, R is the inner diameter of the annular pipeline, h1 is the height of the permanent magnet from the annular pipeline, and h2 is the height of the permanent magnet. For example, suppose there are 6 permanent magnets in each magnetic group, arranged in two rows of six magnets each. The thickness of the annular pipe is 3mm, and the inner diameter is 57mm. The height of the permanent magnet from the annular pipeline is 1mm. The angle occupied by each permanent magnet can be directly calculated to be 6.54 degrees.
In the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe of the design, the permanent magnet 21 provides a bias magnetic field along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the ring-shaped pipe 3 during operation. When alternating current is present in the racetrack coil 1, lorentz forces are generated in the annular duct 3. The particles on the surface of the ring pipe 3 generate regular high-frequency vibration under the action of Lorentz force, so that horizontal shear guided waves are formed in the ring pipe 3. In the embodiment, because the runway coil 1 and the magnetic group 2 with the same radian as the annular pipeline 3 are designed and are attached to the detected annular pipeline 3, the excited ultrasonic wave is more stable in the vibration process. The current directions of the two sides of the racetrack coil 1 are opposite, and the magnetic pole directions of the adjacent magnets in the two rows of the magnet groups 2 are also opposite. When high-power high-frequency alternating current is conducted in the runway coils 1, the runway coils 1 on two sides excite the horizontal shear guided waves at the same time, and the receiving process is the inverse process of excitation, so that excitation and receiving of the horizontal shear guided waves in the annular pipeline 3 are realized.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe, where the shape of a magnet attached to a detection object is designed by designing a racetrack coil and a magnet group with the same radian as an annular pipeline, so as to implement a signal-to-noise ratio of a circumferential horizontal shear guided wave mode excited at a specific frequency, thereby effectively improving a detection probability of an axial crack of the annular pipeline.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe is characterized in that the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe is used for detecting an annular pipeline; the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe includes: a racetrack coil and two magnet groups; the radian of the runway coil and the radian of the magnetic group are the same as that of the annular pipeline; the runway coil is arranged in the annular pipeline along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline, and the two magnetic groups are arranged on the runway coil along the circumferential direction of the annular pipeline; each magnetic group comprises a plurality of permanent magnets which are arranged in sequence, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in the magnetic groups are arranged in a periodically staggered mode, and the magnetic poles at the end points of the two groups of magnetic groups are opposite;
the racetrack coil comprises: the first curved section, the first parallel section, the second curved section and the second parallel section are connected in sequence; the first parallel section and the second parallel section are parallel to each other and are arranged along the circumferential direction in the annular pipeline, and the first parallel section and the second parallel section are perpendicular to the axial direction of the annular pipeline;
two of the magnetic groups include: a first magnetic group and a second magnetic group; the first magnetic group is arranged on the first parallel section, and the second magnetic group is arranged on the second parallel section;
the first magnetic group and the second magnetic group both comprise at least three pairs of permanent magnets;
the runway coil is a plurality of turns of runway-shaped coils or a runway-shaped coil made of a flexible circuit board;
the construction method of the electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe comprises the following steps: step S1: determining the specific frequency f of the horizontal shear guided wave according to the accurate propagation characteristic model of the circumferential guided wave; step S2: determining characteristic parameters of the horizontal shear guided waves according to the specific frequency f to construct an electromagnetic ultrasonic excitation probe;
the step S2 specifically includes: step S21: determining the phase velocity C and the wavelength lambda of the horizontal shear guided wave according to the specific frequency f; step S22: determining parameters of each structure in the runway coil and the magnetic group according to the phase velocity C and the wavelength lambda of the horizontal shear guided wave;
in the method, each permanent magnet occupies an angle A = lambda/(2 xR), the upper arc length of each permanent magnet is L1= A x (R-h 1-h 2), and the lower arc length of each permanent magnet is L1= A x (R-h 1); wherein, R is the inner diameter of the annular pipeline, h1 is the height of the permanent magnet from the annular pipeline, and h2 is the height of the permanent magnet.
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| CN113640393A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-11-12 | 中北大学 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array probe and electromagnetic ultrasonic detection method |
| CN112050839B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2021-10-15 | 大连理工大学 | Shape-following variable-curvature electromagnetic ultrasonic probe and measuring method thereof |
| CN113466347A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-01 | 西安交通大学 | Semi-flexible electromagnetic ultrasonic probe for detecting defects of pipeline type components |
| US20230031270A1 (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | Ecole De Technologie Superieure | Electromagnetic acoustic probe |
| CN117233263B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-06 | 中北大学 | Narrow-sound-beam electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and device for detecting defects in axial direction of pipeline |
| CN117517357B (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-03-08 | 瑞奇戈德测控技术无锡有限公司 | X-ray real-time imaging equipment for detecting welding seam of large container |
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