CN110161501A - A kind of target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image - Google Patents
A kind of target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting methods of multiple timings SAR image, original image to be processed (in same target area long-term sequence several) is obtained by airborne or satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar, then public main image is chosen as benchmark, and image is pre-processed and generates differential interferometry atlas.Baseline estimations are carried out for the complicated interference image region of target area relatively flat, obtain baseline angle and length.Selection minimum cost flow algorithm carries out phase unwrapping to target area and calculates the value of interferometric phase biasing, obtains true phase.Calculating is eventually passed through, several fluctuating hum patterns are obtained, by processing, outlier and error term is separated and is rejected, target area earth's surface mean fluctuation information image is exported.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, more specifically, are related to a kind of rise and fall based on several SAR images and believe
Cease extracting method.
Background technique
Digital elevation model describes ground elevation information, it is distant in engineering Earthwork calculation, landform three-dimensional modeling, auxiliary
Have in humane and natural science field, national defense construction and the national economic development such as the application of sense image classification, geology scouting reference
Be widely applied.And people more study depth displacements and area that point is between two areas when with elevation information
Fluctuating situation between domain.So how fast and accurately to reflect that the fluctuating information of target area becomes heat concerned by people
Point.In the long run, it has broad application prospects and positive realistic meaning.
The means of traditional monitoring topography variation are limited by a variety of conditions, and there is also many deficiencies.Such as mechanical measurement method
Be affected by landform and meteorological condition, continuous observation ability is also poor, although and accurate monitoring method precision is high, face
The limitation of high cost and orographic condition.
Modern microwave remote sensing technology develops, so far from five sixties of 20th century from air search radar and radio astronomy
From theoretical research and the comprehensive application of technological break-through trend, and become the service applications such as meteorology, ocean, environment and the earth and
The significant data and acquisition of information means of space science research, in national economy, social development, national defense construction and scientific research
It plays a significant role.SAR is a kind of new radar system being evolved from real aperture radar, and " synthesis " refers to that one kind can
To increase substantially the echo processing techniques of spatial resolution.The mode that SAR system generates image determines that it is distinguished
Characteristic, SAR image are actually the set of some data samples, rather than the photography carried out using microwave.SAR image it is basic
Dimension be distance to and orientation, each pixel represent the responding microwave of some specific distance and bearing.SAR interferometry
Technology is a kind of technology that earth's surface information is extracted using phase in SAR image and amplitude information.Compared with traditional method, make
With InSAR technology be monitored wide coverage, can with the round-the-clock observation of round-the-clock, measurement result precision is high, measurement cost
Low advantage.Timing InSAR technology is a kind of novel SAR image processing technique, by sieving to the pixel in SAR image
Choosing removes distracter, obtains higher calculation accuracy.Simultaneously as the unique imaging mechanism of SAR system, in earth's surface complex area
Domain, will appear on image shade and it is folded cover, the difficulty for therefrom extracting real surface information is increased, at present both at home and abroad to being based on
There are many more deficiencies for the surface relief information extracting method of SAR image, how to extract high-precision earth's surface using SAR image and rise
Volt information is the problem for needing to solve.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, many and diverse for noise in SAR image, phase in interference image
Dry spot noise and filtering, and the phase unwrapping scheduling algorithm strong influence accuracy of final fluctuating information, so being used alone
There are contingency for the surface relief information result that the interference of two width SAR images is calculated, it is difficult to be joined as true value
It examines.Therefore one kind is provided earth's surface fluctuating information approach in target area is extracted based on multiple timings SAR image, to realize earth's surface intricately
The extraction of area's surface relief information.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is based on multiple timings SAR images to extract target area earth's surface fluctuating information side
Method, which comprises the following steps:
(1), the acquisition of original image to be processed
Several target areas to be processed are obtained with track with Mode S AR image by satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar.
(2), the selection of public main image
Comprehensive consideration is carried out to several SAR image parameters of acquisition, choosing a wherein width is public main image, as after
The benchmark of processing.
(3), image preprocessing
The original image of acquisition is pre-processed, by original image on the basis of public main image, is cut, image
Registration, the removal of level land phase, filtering, to obtain several differential interferometry SAR images.
(4), baseline estimations
Using the interferometric phase baseline estimations algorithm based on Newton iteration method, the how corresponding baseline of each width interference pattern is obtained
Inclination angle and baseline length.
(5), phase unwrapping
It applies minimum cost flow solution to twine model respectively several differential interferometry SAR images to complete phase unwrapping, obtain target
Region all pixels point without winding phase information, and most arrive true phase value.
(6), fluctuating hum pattern is exported
According to phase model, the rejecting of error term is carried out to obtained true phase value, later by processing, exports target
Region earth's surface mean fluctuation hum pattern.
Goal of the invention of the invention is achieved in that
The present invention is based on multiple timings SAR images to extract target area earth's surface fluctuating information approach, passes through satellite-borne synthetic aperture
Radar obtains several same tracks of areal different time, the SAR image with mode, is primarily based on a comprehensive evaluation mark
Standard is selected a public main image, is then cut on the basis of public main image to image, image registration, level land phase
The pretreatments such as removal, filtering obtain differential interferometry atlas.Using the interferometric phase baseline estimations algorithm based on Newton iteration method, obtain
To the how corresponding baseline angle of each width interference pattern and baseline length.Most tip is applied respectively to several differential interferometry SAR images
Twine model with stream solution and complete phase unwrapping, obtain target area all pixels point without winding phase information, and most arrive true phase
Place value.Here using the interferometric phase of the available no winding of method of phase unwrapping.But the expansion phase and absolute interference phase
Position still differs the integral multiple of 2 π, and (integral cycle unknown generated due to the phase offset of lubber line error and equipment, is called
Interferometric phase biasing, so that the phase value is not the absolute interferometric phase proportional to range delay.If phase unwrapping is just
Really, this integer is exactly a fixed constant in entire interference pattern.So what is obtained adds without winding phase needs
Interferometric phase biasing, can just obtain true phase.Calculating is eventually passed through, several fluctuating hum patterns are obtained, by processing, to unrelated
Item and error term are separated and are rejected, and target area earth's surface mean fluctuation information image is exported.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment or technical solution in the prior art in order to further illustrate the present invention, below will be to embodiment or existing
Attached drawing needed in technical description is briefly described, and illustrative embodiments and their description of the invention are only used for explaining
The present invention does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is to extract a kind of specific implementation of surface relief information approach based on multiple timings SAR image in the embodiment of the present invention
Mode flow chart；
Fig. 2 is target area SAR image in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the surface relief hum pattern obtained after the processing of timing SAR image in the embodiment of the present invention；
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawing, preferably so as to those skilled in the art
Understand the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that in the following description, when known function and the detailed description of design perhaps
When can desalinate main contents of the invention, these descriptions will be ignored herein.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on multiple timings SAR images to extract a kind of specific implementation of target area earth's surface fluctuating information approach
Mode flow chart.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the landslide extracting method the present invention is based on SAR image includes:
The acquisition of S1, original image to be processed
It in the specific implementation process, can be same by several of satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar acquisition areal different time
Track, the SAR image with mode.In the present embodiment, the high resolution SAR of original image piggyback satellite TerraSAR X-band
Image.
The selection of S2, public main image
For the maximized purpose of the sum of the coherence for making differential interferometry atlas, to time reference line, Space Baseline, Doppler
Center frequency difference, thermal noise carry out overall merit, choose optimal public main image.In the present embodiment, to high resolution SAR
Image calculates separately the index of correlation of original image using existing business software, chooses best public main image therein.
S3, image preprocessing
The original image of acquisition is pre-processed, original image is cut on the basis of public main image, image
Registration, the removal of level land phase, filtering, to obtain several differential interferometry SAR images.
S4, baseline estimations
Using the interferometric phase baseline estimations algorithm based on Newton iteration method, the how corresponding baseline of each width interference pattern is obtained
Inclination angle and baseline length.
S5, phase unwrapping
It applies minimum cost flow solution to twine model respectively several differential interferometry SAR images to complete phase unwrapping, obtain target
Region all pixels point without winding phase information, and most arrive true phase value.In this example, according to phase unwrapping and image
Resolution ratio relationship, phase unwrapping coherence's threshold value are set as 0.2.
S6, output fluctuating hum pattern
According to phase model, the rejecting of error term is carried out to obtained true phase value, passes through average value processing, output later
Target area earth's surface mean fluctuation hum pattern
Below with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the present embodiment is described in detail.
(1), in the present embodiment, the untreated High-resolution SAR Images of acquisition are pre-processed, it is complete using business software
At the selection of public main image, remaining SAR image is cut on the basis of public main image later, image registration, level land
Phase removal, filtering, obtain several DInSAR interferograms, twine and prepare for subsequent phase solution.It should be noted that output image
For the complex pattern comprising amplitude information and phase information.
(2), the pixel region in the differential interferometry atlas of acquisition is screened, extracts satisfactory baseline estimations
Region carries out baseline estimations.For flat site, it is assumed that its height is 0, convenient for calculating.It uses and is based in this embodiment
The baseline estimations algorithm of Newton method completes the baseline estimations to target image.By geometrical relationship, the derivation of equation and radar imagery
Principle, available true interferometric phase and baseline length, baseline angle, the relationship of oblique distance etc..Newton is established according to this relationship
Iterative formula, according to the value of iterative formula iteration baseline angle and baseline length for several times, until the difference of iteration twice be less than it is pre-
The threshold value being first arranged, iteration are completed, and error reaches minimum, obtain final baseline estimations result.
It is final after the derivation of equation to obtain first with geometrical relationship and radar imagery principle in baseline estimations technology
The expression formula between various parameters arrived is as follows
Wherein H is the height of satellite and the earth.R1 and R2 is respectively the oblique distance that this in major-minor two image is put, and B is base length
Degree, α is baseline angle.
Wherein Δ φ is true interferometric phase value.The two formula reflect true interferometric phase and baseline length, baseline
Inclination angle, the relationship of oblique distance etc. have reached the premise of building newton iteration formula.F is used respectively1(B, α) and F2(B, α) is indicated.It enablesIt is as follows to obtain newton iteration formula:
By successive ignition, when the difference DELTA X of the X calculated twice is less than defined threshold value, then it represents that iteration terminates, no
Then, X=X- Δ X is enabled, iteration is continued, until being less than or equal to threshold value.
In multiple iterative process, baseline accuracy is stepped up, and the smaller finally obtained precision of threshold value setting is higher,
But it can also be multiplied calculate the time simultaneously.In this example, the iteration threshold of selection is 1e-3.
(3), after completing baseline estimations based on Newton iteration method, an important step phase unwrapping is carried out.Image at this time
The phase information of middle reaction is " winding ", represents " opposite " phase difference between major-minor image.In order to solve to obtain " absolutely
It is right " phase difference, and then obtain surface relief information, it is necessary to phase unwrapping is carried out using to differential interferometry phase information.Most tip
Algorithm is twined with stream solution and converts minimization problem for the solution problem of twining, and is cut by the searching route in global scope and most brachyplast to ask
Obtain the optimal solution of minimization problem.
Key step are as follows: choose a threshold value for coherence map, using the threshold value as the standard of evaluation phase masses, extract
All coherence factors are higher than the phase of the threshold value, and these phases are added in processing set.The threshold value chosen in instances
It is 0.2.Second step establishes a Delaunay triangulation network in phase set, its dual graph is constructed according to the triangulation network, in former triangle
After finding out residual error in network, in the dual network for the front construction that the result of residual error is mapped to.One step of most critical, uses minimum
Fee flow method connects positive and negative residual error pair, calculates minimum cost flow set.Finally according to stream size and Orientation, integrating meter is carried out
It calculates, obtains disentanglement fruit.
(4), after obtaining " true " phase information by phase unwrapping, a datum mark is chosen in master image as all
0 value point of image.The surface relief being calculated from the formula between 0 value point of rest of pixels point and benchmark later is poor.Thus just
To the initial value of surface relief information.And so on, in sequence image, using same 0 value point of benchmark, repeatedly calculate surface relief
Information, averaged eliminate error, obtain final target area earth's surface fluctuating information.
Although being briefly described above to a specific embodiment of the invention, in order to the technology people of the art
Member understands the present invention, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the range of specific embodiment, to the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, as long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these become
Change is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image, step include the following:
Step 1: the acquisition of original image to be processed
Step 2: the selection of public main image
Step 3: image preprocessing
Step 4: baseline estimations
Step 5: phase unwrapping
Step 6: output fluctuating hum pattern.
2. the target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image according to claim 1, feature
The step 1 specifically includes: obtaining several target areas to be processed with the same mould of track by satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar
Formula SAR image.
3. the target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image according to claim 1, feature
The step 2 specifically includes: comprehensive consideration is carried out to several SAR image parameters of acquisition, by original image with public master
It on the basis of image, is cut, image registration, the removal of level land phase, filtering, so that several differential interferometry SAR images are obtained, choosing
Take wherein a width be public main image, as with the benchmark of post-processing.
4. the target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image according to claim 1, feature
The step 3 specifically includes: the selection principle of main image is that the sum of coherence for making differential interferometry atlas maximizes, and is led to
Cross to time reference line, Space Baseline, doppler centroid are poor, thermal noise overall merit, choose optimal public main image.
5. the target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image according to claim 1, feature
The step 4 specifically includes: using the interferometric phase baseline estimations algorithm based on Newton iteration method, it is dry to obtain each width
Relate to the how corresponding baseline angle of figure and baseline length.Focus on carrying out the region of selection when baseline estimations.It needs to select opposite
Flat complicated interference image region carries out baseline estimations.
6. the target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image according to claim 1, feature
The step 5 specifically includes: being the interferometric phase of the available no winding of method using phase unwrapping.But the exhibition
It opens phase and (is generated due to the phase offset of lubber line error and equipment with the integral multiple that absolute interferometric phase still differs 2 π
Integral cycle unknown, be called interferometric phase biasing so that the phase value is not the absolute interference phase proportional to range delay
Position.If phase unwrapping is correct, this integer is exactly a fixed constant in entire interference pattern.So obtained nothing
Winding phase needs to bias plus interferometric phase, can just obtain true phase.
7. the target area earth's surface fluctuating information extracting method of multiple timings SAR image according to claim 1, feature
The step 6 specifically includes: according to phase model, according to an intrinsic reference point, calculate remaining pixel with should
The difference in height of reference point obtains fluctuating value.The rejecting that error term is carried out to obtained true phase value, finally according to sequence image
Several obtained fluctuating hum patterns calculate final earth's surface mean fluctuation information, export image.
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| CN111273293A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 中南大学 | InSAR residual motion error estimation method and device considering terrain fluctuation |
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| CN112859077A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-28 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Multistage synthetic aperture radar interference phase unwrapping method |
| CN114236541A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-25 | 电子科技大学 | Large-area earth surface three-dimensional deformation calculation method based on Sentinel-1 satellite SAR image |
| CN116660898A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-08-29 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Multi-baseline phase unwrapping method suitable for 'wheel type' satellite formation image |
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| CN114236541A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-25 | 电子科技大学 | Large-area earth surface three-dimensional deformation calculation method based on Sentinel-1 satellite SAR image |
| CN114236541B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-05-16 | 电子科技大学 | Large-area earth surface three-dimensional deformation calculation method based on Sentinel-1 satellite SAR image |
| CN116660898A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-08-29 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Multi-baseline phase unwrapping method suitable for 'wheel type' satellite formation image |
| CN116660898B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-20 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Multi-baseline phase unwrapping method suitable for 'wheel type' satellite formation image |
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