CN110160644B - Real-time light intensity detection device of photoelectric encoder - Google Patents
Real-time light intensity detection device of photoelectric encoder Download PDFInfo
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- CN110160644B CN110160644B CN201810813705.3A CN201810813705A CN110160644B CN 110160644 B CN110160644 B CN 110160644B CN 201810813705 A CN201810813705 A CN 201810813705A CN 110160644 B CN110160644 B CN 110160644B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/0295—Constructional arrangements for removing other types of optical noise or for performing calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
- G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time light intensity detection device of a photoelectric encoder, which comprises: a light source, an optical code disc and an optoelectronic encoder chip; the light source is a transmission light source or a reflection light source; the photoelectric coding chip comprises a test photosensitive unit and a calibration photosensitive component; the optical code disc comprises a code channel; the test photosensitive unit comprises one or more photosensitive units, and the photosensitive units are arranged along the code channel direction; the calibration photosensitive assembly includes at least 4 photosensitive cells; the calibration photosensitive component is added, so that the instantaneous maximum light intensity value and the instantaneous minimum light intensity value which are changed due to interference factors and equipment can be measured in real time, accurate position information can be obtained through calculation through analog-to-digital conversion, and the condition of inaccurate parameters which are obtained due to environmental change and equipment deviation can be calibrated, so that the photoelectric encoder can keep accuracy, and the photoelectric encoder has obvious advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detection, and particularly relates to a real-time light intensity detection device of a photoelectric encoder.
Background
The photoelectric encoder is a sensor for converting mechanical geometric displacement on an output shaft into pulse or digital quantity through photoelectric conversion; for a transmission type light source, light rays become parallel light beams after passing through a condensing lens, the light beams pass through a light shielding plate window and an optical code disc with an etched grating, a grating shadow is projected on a silicon photocell, for a reflection type light source, the light rays irradiate on the optical code disc with the etched grating, the grating shadow is reflected on the silicon photocell, a photoelectric sensing array on the photocell converts light intensity signals into micro current signals, and electric signals are processed into code disc position information through a later module;
In the operation of the photoelectric encoder, several key factors seriously affect the accuracy of the output position, firstly, the light source intensity is changed under the influence of temperature, humidity and product quality; the etching accuracy of gratings, such as 1024 or more sector gratings to be etched on a circumference of 20mm in diameter, each grating and the opaque gap having a width of about 20um, which is affected by temperature, material uniformity, rotation speed, etc.; when equipment is arranged, an alignment grating with no deviation of a photosensitive array on a photocell chip is required, so that projection of the grating can accurately fall on a photosensitive area, the chip can maximally sense the change of light intensity, when the deviation is converted, the light of a light-transmitting grating can be reduced, and the sensory maximum light intensity of the chip can be greatly different along with the different individuals of the encoder;
Because the actual maximum and minimum light intensities obtained instantaneously are not the same as the maximum and minimum light intensities set in the ideal state due to various factors, it is necessary to find a solution to this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, there is a need to overcome at least one of the above-described drawbacks of the prior art. The invention provides a real-time light intensity detection device of a photoelectric encoder.
The photoelectric encoder real-time light intensity detection device comprises a light source, an optical code disc and a photoelectric encoder chip; the light source is a transmission light source or a reflection light source; when the light source is a transmission light source, the transmission light source is arranged on one side of the optical code disc, and the photoelectric encoder chip is arranged on the other side of the optical code disc; when the light source is a reflection light source, the reflection light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on the same side of the optical code disc; the photoelectric coding chip comprises a test photosensitive unit and a calibration photosensitive component; the optical code disc comprises a code channel; the test photosensitive units comprise one or more test photosensitive units, and the test photosensitive units are arranged along the code channel direction; the calibration photosensitive assembly comprises N (N minimum 4) calibration photosensitive units; the width of the photosensitive surface of the calibration photosensitive assembly along the code track direction (the code track direction is the tangential line of a concentric circle where the grating is positioned by taking the rotating shaft of the code disc as an axis, and the direction along the tangential line is determined according to the actual clockwise or anticlockwise direction of the code disc) is less than or equal to the width of one grating period of any one same code track (one grating period is defined as the distance from the starting side edge of one grating along one direction of the code track to the starting side edge of an adjacent grating); k (where K refers to the K-th code track in case of a plurality of code tracks) the installation conditions of the calibration photosensitive element: it is required to satisfy that at least one photosensitive unit capable of sensing an instantaneous maximum light intensity amplitude extremum Vmax （K） (a maximum light intensity amplitude extremum of a kth code track) and one photosensitive unit capable of sensing an instantaneous minimum light intensity extremum Vmin （K） (a minimum light intensity amplitude extremum of a kth code track) exist within a width of one period from a start side of one of the gratings to a start side of an adjacent grating of the same code track; the test photosensitive unit is used for detecting an instantaneous light intensity value which is marked as Vx （K） (the instantaneous light intensity value of a K code channel); at least one maximum light and one minimum light and a set of intensities from strong to weak and from weak can be obtained here for calculating and calibrating the measurement deviation.
According to the prior art in the background technology of the patent, the photoelectric encoder chip used at present has only the test photosensitive unit described in the application document, and is not provided with a calibration photosensitive component, so that the problem that the encoder cost is always high because the position information is relatively stably and finely output under relatively ideal conditions (a light source uses a high-standard device, a code disc uses a high-grade material, an equipment process uses microscopic assistance and the like) is solved; although the high cost can ensure the precision of the photoelectric encoder, the stability of the device per se is reduced along with the use time, and the precision is influenced by the environment such as temperature, humidity and the like, so that the precision can deviate, and after the equipment is finished, some factors are difficult to perform secondary calibration, so that the precision of the actual output position can be influenced; the real-time light intensity detection device of the photoelectric encoder disclosed by the invention can measure the instantaneous maximum light intensity value and the instantaneous minimum light intensity value which are changed due to interference factors and equipment in real time due to the addition of the calibration photosensitive component, can obtain position information with much higher precision through calculation by analog-to-digital conversion, can calibrate the obtained inaccurate parameter condition caused by environmental change and equipment deviation, and can keep the accuracy of the photoelectric encoder.
In addition, the photoelectric encoder real-time light intensity detection device disclosed by the invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
Further, M (M is a positive integer, and the K value is a positive integer less than or equal to M) code channels (grating strips formed by adjacent gratings) are arranged on the optical code disc, the gratings are distributed on the code channels in a fan-shaped structure, and the width of each grating along the direction of the code channel is equal to the width between the adjacent gratings on the same code channel.
Further, the photosensitive unit of the photoelectric encoder chip is in a sector shape which is arranged by taking the center of the circle of the optical code disc as the center.
Further, the width of the light sensitive surface of the calibration light sensitive component along the code channel direction is smaller than or equal to the width of one grating period of any one same code channel; the photosensitive units are silicon photocells and other photocells, and are fan-shaped structures or fan-shaped like structures with the same shape (the same shape refers to the same size and shape).
Further, the N (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4) photosensitive units are satisfied that at least one photosensitive unit capable of sensing a strong-to-weak transition and one photosensitive unit capable of sensing a weak-to-strong transition exist within a width of one period from a start side of one of the gratings to a start side of an adjacent grating.
Further, when N is equal to 4, the overall width of the 4 equal-width photosensitive units is equal to the width of one cycle from the start side of one of the gratings to the start side of the adjacent grating.
Further, the calibrated instantaneous measured θ is obtained from Vx （K）=（Vmax（K）- Vmin（K）) Sin θ, and the θ value can be further obtained by using the taylor formula.
Further, the light source includes an infrared LED and other light sources.
Further, when the light source is a transmission light source, the code channel consists of gratings formed by light-transmitting and light-non-transmitting areas which have the same shape and alternately appear, and the distances from the center of the grating areas to the center of the rotating shaft are equal; the transmission light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on two sides of the optical code disc.
Further, when the light source is a reflection light source, the code channel consists of gratings formed by reflection and non-reflection areas which have the same shape and alternately appear, and the distances from the center of the grating area to the center of the rotating shaft are equal; the reflective light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on the same side of the optical code disc.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a real-time light intensity detection device of an optical-electrical encoder according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic encoder chip according to one embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1 is a transmission light source, 2 is an optical code disc, 3 is a rotating shaft, 4 is a code channel, 5 is a test photosensitive unit, 6 is a calibration photosensitive component, 601 is a calibration photosensitive unit A,602 is a calibration photosensitive unit B,603 is a calibration photosensitive unit C,604 is a calibration photosensitive unit D, 7 is a data acquisition module, 8 is a data processing module, 9 is a terminal control module, and 10 is a reflection light source.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "bottom," "top," "front," "rear," "inner," "outer," "transverse," "vertical," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "connected," "coupled," and "mated" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, integrally connected, or detachably connected; may be a communication between the interiors of two elements; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; the "mating" may be a face-to-face or a point-to-face or line-to-face mating, and also includes a mating of the axes of the holes, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, in a particular sense by the terms described above.
The invention concept is as follows, through increasing and calibrating the photosensitive assembly, therefore can measure the instantaneous strongest light intensity value and weakest light intensity value that causes the change because of interference factor and apparatus in real time, through analog-to-digital conversion, can obtain the accurate position information through calculating, can calibrate the inaccurate parameter condition that causes and obtains because of environmental change and apparatus deviation, make photoelectric encoder keep the accuracy, in addition, can assemble light source and photoelectric encoder chip on the homonymy of the said optical code disc, the grating makes the reflecting surface, thus adapt to more space assembly demands, therefore have apparent advantage.
The relative positions of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a real-time light intensity detection device of an optical encoder according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic encoder chip according to one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the real-time light intensity detection device of the photoelectric encoder according to the embodiment of the invention comprises a light source 1, an optical code disc 2 and a photoelectric encoder chip; the light source 1 is a transmission light source or a reflection light source 10 (such as a position schematic diagram of the reflection light source in fig. 1, the position is set according to design requirements); when the light source 1 is a transmission light source, the light source 1 is arranged on one side of the optical code disc 2, and the photoelectric encoder chip is arranged on the other light receiving side of the optical code disc 2 (as shown in fig. 1); when the light source 1 is a reflection light source 10, the reflection light source 10 and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on the same side of the optical code disc; the photoelectric coding chip comprises a test photosensitive unit 5 and a calibration photosensitive component 6; the optical code disc 2 comprises a grating and code channels 4, wherein the grating is uniformly distributed on the code channels in a fan-shaped structure; the calibration photosensitive assembly 6 includes N photosensitive units, where n=4 in the embodiment includes four photosensitive units, i.e., a calibration photosensitive unit a601, a calibration photosensitive unit B602, a calibration photosensitive unit C603, and a calibration photosensitive unit D604; the total width of the calibration photosensitive unit along the code channel direction is smaller than or equal to the width of any grating period along the code channel direction; the installation of the calibration photosensitive units needs to meet the requirement that at least one photosensitive unit capable of sensing an instantaneous maximum light intensity amplitude extreme value Vmax （K） and one photosensitive unit capable of sensing an instantaneous minimum light intensity extreme value Vmin （K） exist in the width of one period from the initial side of one grating to the initial side of the adjacent grating; the test light sensitive unit 5 is used to detect the instantaneous light intensity value, denoted Vx （K）.
According to the prior art in the background technology of the patent, the photoelectric encoder chip used at present has only the test photosensitive unit described in the application document, and is not provided with a calibration photosensitive component, so that the problem that the encoder cost is always high because the position information is relatively stably and finely output under relatively ideal conditions (a light source uses a high-standard device, a code disc uses a high-grade material, an equipment process uses microscopic assistance and the like) is solved; although the high cost can ensure the precision of the photoelectric encoder, the stability of the device per se is reduced along with the use time, and the precision is influenced by the environment such as temperature, humidity and the like, so that the precision can deviate again, and after the equipment is finished, some factors are that the secondary calibration is difficult, so that the precision of the actual output position can be influenced;
The real-time light intensity detection device of the photoelectric encoder disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the calibration photosensitive component is added, so that the instantaneous maximum light intensity value and the instantaneous minimum light intensity value which are changed due to interference factors and equipment can be measured in real time, the accurate position information with much higher precision can be obtained through calculation through analog-to-digital conversion, and the acquired inaccurate parameter condition caused by environmental change and equipment deviation can be calibrated, so that the photoelectric encoder can maintain the accuracy; in addition, the invention can ensure that the position accuracy is not influenced by the light intensity change any more, the LED can be reduced in grade, the reduction of the luminous efficiency caused by the aging of the LED does not influence the reduction of the encoder accuracy any more, the alignment error does not influence the calculation of the phase, and the assembly accuracy can be degraded without influencing the measurement accuracy, so that the invention has obvious advantages.
In addition, the photoelectric encoder real-time light intensity detection device disclosed by the invention has the following additional technical characteristics:
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the optical code disc has M (M is a positive integer, and the K value is a positive integer less than or equal to M) code tracks (a grating band formed by adjacent gratings), the gratings are distributed on the code tracks in a fan-shaped structure, and the width of the gratings along the code track direction is equal to the width between adjacent gratings on the same code track.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the photosensitive unit of the photoelectric encoder chip is in a shape of a sector arranged with the center of the circle of the optical code disc as the center.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a width of the light-sensitive surface of the calibration light-sensitive component along the code track direction is less than or equal to a width of one grating period of any one same code track; the photosensitive units are silicon photocells and other photocells, and are fan-shaped structures or fan-shaped like structures with the same shape (the same shape refers to the same size and shape).
According to some embodiments of the invention, the N (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4) photosensitive cells satisfy that at least one photosensitive cell capable of sensing a strong-to-weak transition and one photosensitive cell capable of sensing a weak-to-strong transition exist within a width of one period from a start side of one of the gratings to a start side of an adjacent grating.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when N is equal to 4, the overall width of the 4 equal-width photosensitive units is equal to the width of one period from the start side of one grating to the start side of an adjacent grating, and the shape and the size of the non-penetrating part or the non-reflecting part of one grating period are the same as the shape and the size of the corresponding penetrating surface or the reflecting surface.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the calibrated instantaneous measured θ is obtained from Vx （K）=（Vmax（K）- Vmin（K）) Sin θ, and the value of θ can be further obtained by using the taylor formula, and when there is only one code channel, each parameter is designated as Vx （K）、Vmax（K） and Vmax （K） corresponding to several seats Vx Vmax and Vmax.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the light source comprises an infrared LED and other light sources.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the light source is a transmissive light source, the code track is composed of gratings formed by light-transmitting and light-non-transmitting regions having the same shape and alternately appearing, and the distances from the center of the grating regions to the center of the rotation shaft are equal; the transmission light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on two sides of the optical code disc.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the light source is a reflective light source, the code track is composed of gratings formed by reflective and non-reflective regions having the same shape and alternately appearing, and the distances from the center of the grating region to the center of the rotation shaft are equal; the reflective light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on the same side of the optical code disc.
Any reference to "one embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," etc., means that a particular element, structure, or feature described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. This schematic representation throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a particular element, structure, or feature is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such element, structure, or feature in connection with other ones of the embodiments.
While the detailed description of the invention has been made with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this invention. In particular, reasonable variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the foregoing disclosure, the drawings and the claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. Except insofar as variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements are described in the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a photoelectric encoder real-time light intensity detection device which characterized in that includes: a light source, an optical code disc and an optoelectronic encoder chip;
The light source is a transmission light source or a reflection light source; when the light source is a transmission light source, the transmission light source is arranged on one side of the optical code disc, and the photoelectric encoder chip is arranged on the other side of the optical code disc; when the light source is a reflection light source, the reflection light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on the same side of the optical code disc;
The photoelectric encoder chip comprises a test photosensitive unit and a calibration photosensitive assembly; the optical code disc comprises a code channel; the test photosensitive units comprise one or more test photosensitive units, and the test photosensitive units are arranged along the code channel direction; the calibration photosensitive assembly comprises N (N minimum 4) calibration photosensitive units;
Mounting conditions of the calibration photosensitive assembly: at least one photosensitive unit capable of sensing an instantaneous maximum light intensity amplitude extreme value Vmax and one photosensitive unit capable of sensing an instantaneous minimum light intensity extreme value Vmin exist in the width of one period from the initial side edge of one grating to the initial side edge of the adjacent grating of the code track; the test photosensitive unit is used for detecting an instantaneous light intensity value and marking the instantaneous light intensity value as Vx;
the width of the photosensitive surface of the calibration photosensitive assembly along the code channel direction is smaller than or equal to the width of one grating period of any one same code channel; the photosensitive units are silicon photocells and other photocells and are fan-shaped structures with the same shape or fan-shaped structures; the N (N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4) photosensitive units are at least one photosensitive unit capable of sensing strong-to-weak transition and one photosensitive unit capable of sensing weak-to-strong transition within the width of one period from the initial side of one grating to the initial side of the adjacent grating; the instantaneous maximum light intensity value and the instantaneous minimum light intensity value which are changed due to interference factors and equipment are measured in real time, and high-precision position information is obtained through calculation after analog-to-digital conversion.
2. The real-time light intensity detection device according to claim 1, wherein the optical code disc is provided with M code channels (grating strips formed by adjacent gratings), the gratings are distributed on the code channels in a fan-shaped structure, and the width of the gratings along the code channel direction is equal to the width between the adjacent gratings on the same code channel.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the photosensitive unit of the photoelectric encoder chip has a shape of a sector arranged centering around a center of the optical code wheel.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when N is equal to 4, the overall width of the 4 equal-width photosensitive units is equal to the width of one cycle from the start side of one grating to the start side of an adjacent grating.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises an infrared LED and other light sources.
6. The device for detecting the real-time light intensity of the photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein when the light source is a transmission light source, the code channel is composed of gratings formed by light-transmitting and light-non-transmitting areas which are identical in shape and alternately appear, and the distances from the center of the grating areas to the center of the rotating shaft are equal; the transmission light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on two sides of the optical code disc.
7. The device for detecting the real-time light intensity of the photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein when the light source is a reflective light source, the code channel is composed of gratings formed by reflective and non-reflective areas which are identical in shape and alternately appear, and the distances from the center of the grating areas to the center of the rotating shaft are equal; the reflective light source and the photoelectric encoder chip are arranged on the same side of the optical code disc.
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| CN114460530B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2024-09-20 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Antenna direction finding device and method |
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| CN2692635Y (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-04-13 | 中国人民解放军第三三O四工厂 | Narrow code channel absolute type shaft photoelectric encoder |
| US8044340B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2011-10-25 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Encoder and light receiving device for encoder |
| US8525102B2 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2013-09-03 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Optical encoding system and optical encoder having an array of incremental photodiodes and an index photodiode for use in an optical encoding system |
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