CN110156806B - 一种基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针及制备方法与应用,该荧光探针化学式为C41H45N5O2;制备时先制备罗丹明B酰肼中间体,随后分别配制罗丹明B酰肼中间体的乙醇溶液、费舍尔醛乙醇溶液,将费舍尔醛乙醇溶液滴加至罗丹明B酰肼中间体的乙醇溶液中反应,经蒸馏、纯化制得荧光探针;该荧光探针应用于检测Cu2+。本发明的荧光探针能对Cu2+专一性识别,抗干扰能力强,检测限低、灵敏度高,可以很好的应用于环境或生物体内Cu2+的检测,具有重要的应用价值;同时,其制备方法简单,可操作性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针制备领域,尤其涉及一种基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
铜作为人体健康不可缺少的第三大微量元素,对维持基础生理过程起着至关重要的作用,美国环境保护署(EPA)规定饮用水中铜离子的最大含量为1.3ppm(-20μM)。利用荧光探针结合生物成像技术可对生物体内的金属离子进行检测,能够实现物质的实时、原位检测,甚至是监测生理反应过程,因此,荧光探针具有广阔的应用前景。
基于荧光共振能量转移(FRET)机理的荧光探针包含两个荧光基团,一个基团是能量供体,另一个基团是能量受体,对于荧光共振能量转移的发生要满足两个荧光基团距离合适并且能量供体基团的发射光谱恰好与受体基团的激发光谱有部分重叠的条件。基于FRET的过程的荧光探针不受探针的浓度的影响,它可以通过两个不同发射带的内置校正消除绝大部分的因素的干扰,应用范围更为广泛。FRET型荧光探针具有大的stokes位移,应用于细胞成像时,可以有效消除生物体内自发荧光的干扰,因此FRET型荧光探针已被广泛地应用在生物标记和分子传感等领域。
罗丹明具有较高的荧光量子产率和较高的消光系数,光稳定性好,有着较宽的光谱可调范围,是一类理想的荧光基团及FRET受体。因为其具有优异的光物理和化学性质,该荧光团在有机功能材料的发展迅速,广泛应用于设计荧光探针和荧光传感器。虽然已经报道了许多检测铜离子的罗丹明类衍生物探针,但依然存在缺乏结构多样性,存在应用方面的局限。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的第一目的是提供一种基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针,该荧光探针能够通过罗丹明的内酰胺的螺环结构的开关实现对金属离子的荧光比率和比色响应。
本发明的第二目的是提供该荧光探针的制备方法;
本发明的第三目的是提供该荧光探针的应用。
技术方案:本发明基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针,该荧光探针化学式为C41H45N5O2,结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
本发明制备铜离子比率型荧光探针的方法,包括如下步骤:
首先制备罗丹明B酰肼中间体,随后分别配制浓度为0.01-0.10mol/L的罗丹明B酰肼中间体的乙醇溶液、浓度为0.01-0.30mol/L的费舍尔醛乙醇溶液,将费舍尔醛乙醇溶液滴加至罗丹明B酰肼中间体的乙醇溶液中反应,经蒸馏、纯化制得荧光探针。
本发明的荧光探针以费舍尔醛为能量供体,罗丹明酰肼为能量受体,构成荧光共振能量转移组合对,进而能够对Cu2+专一性识别,抗干扰能力强,检测限低、灵敏度高。进一步说,罗丹明B酰肼中间体由如下步骤制得:配制浓度为0.01-0.20mol/L的罗丹明B乙醇溶液,加入水合肼回流反应,制得罗丹明B酰肼中间体,其中,所述罗丹明B的摩尔量与水合肼的体积的比例为1:1-1.6。回流反应5-20h。将费舍尔醛溶液滴加至罗丹明B酰肼中间体溶液中反应2-24h。
本发明基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针在Cu2+检测中的应用。
进一步说,Cu2+检测采用的溶液为乙腈溶液或者采用体积比4~99:1的乙腈溶液与HEPES缓冲溶液的混合溶液。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的显著优点为:该荧光探针能够对Cu2+专一性识别,抗干扰能力强,检测限低、灵敏度高,能够很好地应用于环境或生物体内Cu2+的检测,具有重要的应用价值度;该荧光探针具有罗丹明B类荧光团,未添加Cu2+之前,溶液无色,显示黄绿色荧光,加入Cu2+后的荧光探针溶液,探针由闭环状态变成开环状态,能量从供体向受体转移,颜色由无色变成粉红色,肉眼可见,在紫外灯下,溶液由黄绿色荧光变成橘红色荧光,荧光比率响应,即利用荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱均可有效识别Cu2+,实现了对Cu2+的荧光信号比率响应、比色响应和裸眼识别;同时,其制备方法简单,可操作性强。
附图说明
图1为本发明荧光探针的质谱图;
图2为本发明荧光探针对Cu2+选择性识别的紫外吸收光谱图;
图3为本发明荧光探针在其他离子存在下对Cu2+特异性识别的荧光光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本发明制备基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针的反应式如下所示:
本发明制备基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针方法包括如下步骤:
(1)罗丹明B酰肼中间体(Rh-HH)的合成:将2.40g(5mmol)罗丹明B溶于50ml无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加7ml水合肼,滴毕,回流反应5-20h,TLC监测反应进程,直至溶液由紫红色变成澄清的浅黄色;反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,制得黄色粘稠固体;加入1mol/L盐酸溶液至固体完全溶解,再以1mol/L的NaOH溶液调pH至9-10,过滤,蒸馏水洗涤滤饼,真空干燥箱干燥得粉末状固体,收率65-85%;
(2)荧光探针(RhF)的合成:称取中间体Rh-HH(0.2281g,0.5mmol)溶于15mL的无水乙醇中;另外称取费舍尔醛(0.1508g,0.75mmol)溶于10mL无水乙醇,置于恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加至上述溶液中,于室温下搅拌反应2-24h;反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,经柱层析纯化,得黄色粉末状固体,收率30-55%,该黄色粉末状固体即为探针RhF,并用质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱确认其结构式为:
分析所得的荧光探针RhF的基本数据:
高分辨质谱(电喷雾,正模式)表征:C41H45N5O2的分子质量M理论计算值为639.3573;实测值[M+H]+,640.36858,如图1所示。
性能检测1:探针RhF对Cu2+检测的荧光选择性实验
将荧光探针RhF溶解在纯乙腈中以制备浓度为0.001mol/L的探针储备液,量取一定量的探针储备液加入到体积比为4:1的CH3CN/HEPES缓冲液,使得荧光探针最终浓度为10μmol/L,然后分别加入100μmol/L的金属离子(Mg2+,Al3+,Ca2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,K+,Na+,Cr3+,Cu2+)后,检测溶液的荧光发射光谱变化。由检测结果可知,荧光探针RhF自身只在503nm处有一个发射峰,属于费舍尔基团的发射峰,在582nm处几乎没有发射峰,说明此时该化合物罗丹明螺环部分处于关环状态。当加入一定量的Cu2+离子后,荧光探针RhF溶液在582nm处出现新的发射峰,伴随着荧光发射光谱的这种变化,探针溶液的荧光也发生了明显的颜色变化。加入Cu2+离子之前,探针溶液显示强烈的黄绿色荧光;加入Cu2 +离子后,探针溶液由黄绿色荧光变为橘红色荧光,荧光比率响应,说明探针在加入铜离子后发生荧光共振能量转移过程。然而其它金属离子,如Mg2+,Al3+,Ca2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,K+,Na+和Ca2+加入后,探针RhF溶液在582nm处的发射峰强度稍微减弱,并没有出现新的发射峰,荧光探针RhF溶液依然显示黄绿色荧光;实验结果表明,只有加入Cu2+,才能使探针RhF溶液转变为橘红色荧光,发生荧光共振能量转移进程。该荧光探针RhF在CH3CN和pH=8的HEPES缓冲液的体积比为4:1的混合溶液中对Cu2+具有良好的选择性。
性能检测2:探针RhF对Cu2+检测的紫外选择性实验
将探针RhF浓度为0.001mol/L的乙腈和pH=6的HEPES缓冲液(10mM)的体积比为9:1的混合溶液,分别加入100μmol/L的金属离子(Mg2+,Al3+,Ca2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,K+,Na+,Cr3+,Cu2+)后,检测紫外可见吸收光谱的变化。如图2所示,发现紫外可见吸收光谱显示该化合物在392nm处有明显吸收峰;当加入一定量的Cu2+离子后,392nm的吸收峰吸收值减小,在555nm处出现一个新的吸收峰,产生比色响应。同时,探针溶液的颜色变化也显而易见。加入Cu2+离子之前,探针溶液为无色,加入Cu2+离子后,探针溶液为粉红色。然而加入其它金属离子,如Mg2+,Al3+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Pb2+,K+,Na+,Cr3+和Ca2+以后,荧光探针RhF溶液并没有在555nm处出现新的吸收峰,探针RhF溶液也没有发生颜色变化,依然为无色;实验结果表明,探针专一选择性识别Cu2+,只有在加入Cu2+以后,才会产生比色响应。说明该荧光探针RhF在CH3CN和pH=6的HEPES缓冲液的体积比为9:1的混合溶液中对Cu2+具有高度的选择性。
性能检测3:探针RhF对Cu2+检测的干扰性实验
在10μmol/L探针RhF的乙腈和pH=6的HEPES缓冲液的体积比为99:1的混合溶液中,分别加入100μmol/L的其它金属离子(Mg2+,Al3+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2 +,Pb2+,K+,Na+,Cr3+,Ca2+),测试各溶液的荧光光谱;然后再向以上各个含有不同金属离子的溶液中,分别加入相同当量的Cu2+(100μmol/L),利用荧光光谱仪进行检测,观察各个溶液的荧光光谱的变化。从图3可以看出,溶液中共存的其它金属离子不会对Cu2+的荧光识别产生显著的干扰。
除上述之外,Cu2+检测还可采用的溶液为乙腈溶液。
实施例2
本发明制备基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针方法包括如下步骤:
(1)罗丹明B酰肼中间体(Rh-HH)的合成:将12.0g(25mmol)罗丹明B溶于125ml无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加25ml水合肼,滴毕,回流反应5-20h,TLC监测反应进程,直至溶液由紫红色变成澄清的浅黄色;反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,制得黄色粘稠固体;加入1mol/L盐酸溶液至固体完全溶解,再以1mol/L的NaOH溶液调pH至9-10,过滤,蒸馏水洗涤滤饼,真空干燥箱干燥得粉末状固体,收率60-85%;
(2)荧光探针(RhF)的合成:称取中间体Rh-HH(0.2281g,0.5mmol)溶于50mL的无水乙醇中;另外称取费舍尔醛(0.1508g,0.75mmol)溶于7.5mL无水乙醇,置于恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加至上述溶液中,于室温下搅拌反应2-24h;反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,经柱层析纯化,得黄色粉末状固体,收率30-55%,该黄色粉末状固体即为探针RhF。
实施例3
本发明制备基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针方法包括如下步骤:
(1)罗丹明B酰肼中间体(Rh-HH)的合成:将2.40g(5mmol)罗丹明B溶于25ml无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加7ml水合肼,滴毕,回流反应5-20h,TLC监测反应进程,直至溶液由紫红色变成澄清的浅黄色;反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,制得黄色粘稠固体;加入1mol/L盐酸溶液至固体完全溶解,再以1mol/L的NaOH溶液调pH至9-10,过滤,蒸馏水洗涤滤饼,真空干燥箱干燥得粉末状固体,收率65-85%;
(2)荧光探针(RhF)的合成:称取中间体Rh-HH(0.4562g,1mmol)溶于10mL的无水乙醇中;另外称取费舍尔醛(0.3016g,1.5mmol)溶于5mL无水乙醇,置于恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加至上述溶液中,于30-50℃下搅拌反应2-24h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,经柱层析纯化,制得黄色粉末状固体,收率达33-55%。
实施例4
本发明制备基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针方法包括如下步骤:
(1)罗丹明B酰肼中间体(Rh-HH)的合成:与实施例1相同。
(2)荧光探针(RhF)的合成:称取中间体Rh-HH(0.6387g,1.4mmol)溶于14mL的无水乙醇中;另外称取费舍尔醛(0.5630g,2.8mmol)溶于14mL无水乙醇,置于恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加至上述溶液中,于室温下搅拌反应2-24h。反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,经柱层析纯化,得黄色粉末状固体,收率30-43%。
实施例5
本发明制备基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针方法包括如下步骤:
(1)罗丹明B酰肼中间体(Rh-HH)的合成:将0.24g(0.5mmol)罗丹明B溶于50ml无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加0.8ml水合肼,滴毕,回流反应5-20h,TLC监测反应进程,直至溶液由紫红色变成澄清的浅黄色;反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,制得黄色粘稠固体;加入1mol/L盐酸溶液至固体完全溶解,再以1mol/L的NaOH溶液调pH至9-10,过滤,蒸馏水洗涤滤饼,真空干燥箱干燥得粉末状固体,收率65-85%;
(2)荧光探针(RhF)的合成:称取中间体Rh-HH(0.06387g,0.14mmol)溶于14mL的无水乙醇中;另外称取费舍尔醛(0.05630g,0.28mmol)溶于28mL无水乙醇,置于恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加至上述溶液中,于室温下搅拌反应2-24h。反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,经柱层析纯化,得黄色粉末状固体,收率30-43%。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述荧光探针的制备方法包括如下步骤:首先制备罗丹明B酰肼中间体,随后分别配制浓度为0.01-0.10mol/L的罗丹明B酰肼中间体的乙醇溶液、浓度为0.01-0.30mol/L的费舍尔醛乙醇溶液,将费舍尔醛乙醇溶液滴加至罗丹明B酰肼中间体的乙醇溶液中反应,经蒸馏、纯化制得荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述罗丹明B酰肼中间体由如下步骤制得:配制浓度为0.01-0.20mol/L的罗丹明B乙醇溶液,加入水合肼回流反应,制得罗丹明B酰肼中间体,其中,所述罗丹明B的摩尔量与水合肼的体积的比例为1:1-1.6。
4.根据权利要求3所述基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述回流反应5-20h。
5.根据权利要求2所述基于罗丹明类衍生物的铜离子比率型荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述将费舍尔醛溶液滴加至罗丹明B酰肼中间体溶液中反应2-24h。
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