CN110123554A - One kind is for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of the bedridden elderly. The device includes an airbag air pressure control system and an automatic inflatable airbag mattress; the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five parts, respectively corresponding to the human body head, shoulder blades, buttocks, legs and feet. The self-inflating airbag mattress is controlled by the airbag air pressure control system. The automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five airbags corresponding to different parts of the human body. The airbag air pressure control system consists of five parts: data acquisition system, PLC controller, airway switching unit, wireless communication module and display unit. This device can simply and effectively analyze and judge the pressure value, pressure duration and skin temperature and humidity values of pressure sore prone points, and prevent or eliminate pressure sores by controlling the inflation and deflation of airbags in relevant parts. The control system It is excellent and easy to control. It can also adjust the inflation and deflation and monitor the body data of bedridden patients according to the supporting app.

Description

An anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly

technical field

The invention is an airbag mattress device for preventing pressure sores by reducing the peak value of local pressure based on an approximate anthropometric model and anthropometry, which is mainly used for long-term care of bedridden patients and belongs to the technical field of physical therapy devices.

Background technique

With the acceleration of the aging process, the problem of providing nursing services for the long-term bedridden elderly is becoming more and more urgent. First, the degree of population aging in my country is serious. According to the results of the sixth population census, by the end of 2010, my country has fully entered the elderly society. Second, the family structure of young children and the environment of empty-nest families. Due to the long-term low birth rate under the family planning policy since the 1980s, the "4.2.1" ultra-small family structure has increased rapidly, and the ability of traditional families to support the elderly has dropped sharply. The actual empty-nest rate of urban elderly remains high. Third, the socio-economic foundation for dealing with aging is not solid. At present, the public financial capacity is limited, the average income of the elderly is low, and the ability to pay social services for the elderly is insufficient. Fourth, the aging social service system has not yet been established. Chinese society is in a period of transformation and reconstruction, and the concept and policy boundaries of related public services are not clear. The elderly seek services suitable for aging are narrow and lack of pertinence, and services for different needs are not hierarchical. As one of the complications of long-term bed rest, pressure sores have the characteristics of high incidence, difficult cure, and severe pain, and the social demand is great.

Regarding the formation factors of pressure sores, M. Kosiak explained the relationship between external pressure and duration in the article <Etiology and pathology of ischemic ulcers>, which is 600 [mmHg] external pressure within 1 hour or 150 [mmHg] continuously within 12 hours External pressure can cause pressure ulcers. Therefore, the idea of pressure ulcer prevention products is to reduce external pressure and shorten the duration of pressure. From the perspective of reducing external pressure, the common preventive method is to reduce the pressure. Inflatable cushions and air mattresses are widely used to reduce the external pressure on the body area. Usually, straight tubular strips are combined with automatic control. The air pump controls the filling and discharging. Qi regularly switches the hardness of the tubular strips to achieve the function of pressure management. However, due to the differences in the weight, height and health status of individual users, the air mattress controlled by a unified pressure standard and automatically alternated cannot respond to changes in human pressure. Adaptive adjustment. From the perspective of shortening the duration of stress, the common preventive method is to change the sitting or lying position. For example, wheelchair users with limited mobility should let the lower body part of the wheelchair out of the wheelchair for at least one minute every 30 minutes; With the help of the patient, the body position is changed every two hours to reduce external pressure, but such frequent changes of position will definitely disturb the patient's sleep. In the article <Development of the “hist” postural changelong-term care bed>, H. Kawakami proposed an electric bed that can automatically change the lying position. Combined with the analysis of the automatic turning electric bed that is common in the market at present, the problem is that it is large in size and requires The size of the room is large, and the original bed needs to be replaced.

Contents of the invention

The invention proposes a novel self-inflating airbag mattress composed of a plurality of elastic airbags made of porous materials, and proposes an airbag air pressure control system for reducing local pressure caused by body weight.

An anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of the bedridden elderly, the device includes an airbag air pressure control system and an automatic inflatable airbag mattress; the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five parts, respectively corresponding to the head of the human body, Shoulders, hips, legs and feet. The connection relationship of the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is shown in Figure 2. The airbag 1 is nested on the airbag fixing ring 2. On the one hand, it is convenient to fix the position of the airbag 1, and on the other hand, it can avoid excessive deformation of the airbag 1 during inflation and deflation. . The airbag bottom support 3 supports the lower part of the airbag 1 and the airbag fixing ring 2, making the airbag 1 and the mattress more integrated, avoiding displacement inside the mattress, and facilitating the connection of the airway, the trachea and the airbag. The airway 4 is located at the airbag bottom support Below the 3, the airway 4 is used to store excess gas during inflation and deflation, and the soft air tube connects the airway 4 and the airbag 1 in series. The mattress 5 is loaded with the airbag 1, the airbag fixing ring 2, the airbag bottom support 3 and the air channel 4 as a whole, the air pressure control system of the airbag 1 is arranged inside the mattress 5, and the inner space of the mattress 5 is filled with materials such as latex, The user can directly use the self-inflating airbag mattress.

The self-inflating airbag mattress is controlled by the airbag air pressure control system. The automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five airbags corresponding to different parts of the human body. The airbag air pressure control system consists of five parts: data acquisition system, PLC controller, airway switching unit, wireless communication module and display unit. The airbag air pressure control system is connected to the automatic inflatable airbag mattress through the trachea connected to the airway. A pressure sensor is installed at the farthest end of the airbag sharing the airway to detect the air pressure and feed back to the airbag air pressure control system. The airbag air pressure control system is controlled and installed on the trachea. The solenoid valve adjusts the inflation and deflation of the air bag to reduce joint pressure and prevent pressure sores.

According to the medical statistics on the location of pressure sores, the air bag is corresponding to the point where the pressure sore occurs. Airbag A0 corresponds to the head, airbag B corresponds to the scapula, airbag C corresponds to the waist, airbag D corresponds to the hip, airbag A1, airbag A2, airbag A3, and airbag A4 correspond to the spine, where A1 corresponds to the cervical spine, A2 corresponds to the thoracic spine, A3 corresponds to the lumbar spine, and A4 Corresponding to the sacrum, airbag E corresponds to the thigh, airbag F corresponds to the knee fossa, airbag G corresponds to the calf, and airbag H corresponds to the heel. According to the stature and weight statistics of the elderly, anthropometric data and an approximate anthropometric model, the size and shape of the airbag 1 are designed to correspond to the human body structure, so as to fit the human body as much as possible.

The air bag air pressure control system is composed of five parts: a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module and a display unit. As shown in Figure 5, the data acquisition system is connected to the PLC controller through terminals AI0-AI7, the airway switching unit is connected to the relay, the relay is connected to the PLC controller through the DO0-DO15 digital output interface, and the wireless communication module and the display unit are connected to the PLC controller through the output interface.

The data acquisition system is composed of pressure sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and timer. The data acquisition system collects the air pressure value in the air bag, the skin temperature and humidity value and the time length of the bedridden patient, and transmits the collected data signal to the PLC controller. Write the air pressure safety thresholds of the corresponding joint points of different airbags to the PLC controller in advance, and judge the data collected by the data acquisition system. When it is detected that the air pressure in the airbag exceeds the air pressure safety threshold, the PLC controller transmits the signal to the corresponding airway Switch unit. The airway switching unit is composed of a solenoid valve, an air bag and an air compressor. The pneumatic machine rushes a certain amount of air into the airway on time, and after receiving the signal from the PLC controller, the solenoid valves of the corresponding airbags will be opened to inflate and deflate until the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure value returns to the air pressure safety threshold. The PLC controller will send a signal to close the solenoid valve.

The airbag air pressure control system can automatically adjust the operation and switch, and users can also make personalized settings through the nursing service App. The pressure data of the bedridden elderly will be automatically uploaded to the bound App account, and the elderly, family members, authorized caregivers, and doctors can view the monitoring data of the elderly, which can be automatically detected or manually input through other bound nursing equipment. Other health data will also be automatically uploaded to form a more complete digital health file.

See Figure 6 for the system implementation process. First of all, during the initial process of the system, each airbag will be inflated to the set initial pressure value. Then it is judged successively whether the air bag pressure values corresponding to different parts of the human body are within the safe range. S1: Determine whether the air pressure of the airbag A0 corresponding to the head is too high. If it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and the two-position two-way valve of the airbags A1 and A2 to allow the gas in the airway to enter the airbag to make the airbag Pressurization, the airbag A0 only opens the two-position three-way valve to allow the gas in the airbag to enter the airway, and the airbag is decompressed; if the air pressure of the airbag A0 corresponding to the head does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, it will enter the next stage. S2: If the air pressure of head airbag A0 is normal, judge whether the air pressure of airbag B corresponding to the scapula is too high. The gas in the passage enters the airbag to pressurize the airbag, so that the airbags in the cervical spine, thoracic spine and waist are inflated moderately to bear more pressure. Airbag B only opens the two-position three-way valve to let the air in the airbag enter the airway. If the air pressure of the air bag B corresponding to the scapula does not exceed the safe pressure threshold, then enter the next stage. S3: If the air pressure of airbag B in the scapula is normal, judge whether the air pressure of airbag D corresponding to the sacrum is too high. The airbags on the waist and waist are moderately inflated to bear more pressure. The airbag D only opens the two-position three-way valve to let the gas in the airbag enter the airway when the airbag is decompressed; next stage. S4: If the pressure of the airbag D of the sacrum is normal, it is judged whether the air pressure of the airbag H corresponding to the heel is too high. , the airbags of the leg sockets and calves inflate moderately to bear more pressure, and the airbag H only opens the two-position three-way valve to allow the gas in the airbag to enter the airway when the airbag is decompressed; if the air pressure of the airbag H on the heel does not exceed the safety The pressure threshold remains unchanged. Repeat the 4 steps of S1-S4.

Compared with the existing air bed, the present invention has the following innovations:

1. New air cushion structure. The traditional air mattress is a straight tube strip, and the air pump automatically controls the way of inflation and deflation, so that the air mattress fluctuates regularly to prevent pressure sores. Due to the curve of the human body, the head, shoulder blades, buttocks and heels are the main stress-bearing parts in the supine position. The present invention uses the airbag to minimize the skin pressure caused by body weight. The airbag is designed according to ergonomics, so it can Allow the waist and legs to bear the force, and reduce pressure sores from the source that are prone to pressure sores.

2. New air bag air pressure control system. For different groups of people and different parts of the human body, traditional air mattresses are inflated and deflated in a unified manner without differences. The airbags in the automatic inflatable airbag mattress of the present invention are independently controlled by the system and fed back independently. The air pressure control system responds according to the data detected by the pressure sensor, and the irrelevant airbags are not affected, and the control is precise.

3. Strong adaptability. The invention is mainly aimed at elderly patients who are bedridden for a long time. The design of the airbag is completely based on the anthropometric measurements of the elderly, which is more suitable for the body shape of the elderly.

4. Precise nursing can effectively reduce the possibility of pressure sores. Traditional nursing methods require bedridden patients to be turned every 1.5 hours to 2 hours to avoid pressure sores. The present invention detects real-time pressure at the points where pressure sores are prone to occur, accurately controls the pressure value and duration of key points, and can extend the turning interval And reduce the possibility of pressure sores, greatly reducing the inconvenience of life for bedridden patients.

The airbag mattress device of the present invention prevents pressure sores by reducing the peak value of local pressure. It has a novel structure and a simple method, and can simply and effectively integrate the pressure value, pressure duration and skin temperature and humidity of the points where pressure sores are prone to occur. The value is analyzed and judged, and the occurrence of pressure sores can be prevented or eliminated by controlling the inflation and deflation of the airbags in relevant parts, which can effectively prolong the turning interval, and the control system is excellent and easy to control. Patient physical data monitoring.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the sore point corresponding to the airbag of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the automatic inflatable airbag mattress of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the air bag air pressure control system figure of the present invention

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of airbag pneumatic device of the present invention

Fig. 5 is PLC I/O point distribution and electrical wiring diagram of the present invention

Fig. 6 is the air bag pneumatic device program flowchart of the present invention

Fig. 7 is the architecture diagram of Nursing Service App of the present invention

In the picture:

1. Air bag 4. Airway

2. Airbag fixing ring 5. Mattress

3. Airbag bottom support

Detailed ways

The airbag mattress device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention is an airbag mattress device that prevents pressure sores by reducing the peak value of local pressure. It can adaptively reduce local body pressure for bedridden elderly with different heights and weights to prevent pressure sores. Its airbag mattress air pressure control system As shown in Figure 3. The airbag mattress unit consists of nineteen air cells made of a porous material that allows air to leak out to help reduce pressure peaks, temperature and humidity that help reduce the development of pressure sores. In order to determine the optimum air bag pressure suitable for each user, the present invention divides each part of the body into five parts of head, shoulder blade, waist buttocks, legs and feet. Then, based on anthropometric data such as height and weight and an approximate anthropometric model, the pressure of each part is independently calculated from the weight of each part. The control system uses PLC as the main controller. The PLC collects the pressure signal of the pressure sensor, the temperature and humidity signal of the temperature and humidity sensor, and the time signal of the timer. After calculation and comparison, it sends a signal to the relay to control the action of the electromagnetic reversing valve to achieve control. The purpose of airbag inflation, deflation, and pressure maintenance is as shown in accompanying drawing 4. Since the signal of the pressure sensor is an analog signal (current analog signal 4 ~ 20mA), the analog input terminals AI0-AI7 of the PLC are assigned to the signal input of the pressure sensor, and the DO0-DO15 digital output interface of the PLC is assigned to the relay , as shown in Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 6, when the head A0 pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the A0 airbag will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A1\A2 airbags will inflate appropriately to increase the bearing capacity of the neck and spine; When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the shoulder B airbags detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the two B airbags will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A1\A2\C airbags will inflate appropriately to increase the upper spine and waist bearing force; When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the D airbags at the hip detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the two D airbags will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A3\A4\C airbags will inflate appropriately to increase the bearing capacity of the lower spine and waist; When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the H airbags on the foot detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the two H airbags will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the E\F\H airbags will inflate appropriately to increase the leg bearing force.

Claims (6)

1. one kind is for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed, it is characterised in that: the device includes air bag Pneumatic control system and automatic inflatable air sac mattress；The automatic inflatable air sac mattress is made of five parts, respectively corresponds human body Head, scapular region, buttocks, leg and foot；Air bag (1) is nested on air bag retainer plate (2), is on the one hand convenient for fixation balloon (1) position, on the other hand can be to avoid air bag during inflation/deflation (1) compression excessive deformation；Air bag collet (3) holds air bag (1) and air bag retainer plate (2) lower part, make air bag (1) and mattress more integration, avoid in mattress internal displacement, be also convenient for air flue, Tracheae is attached with air bag, and air flue (4) is located at the lower section of air bag collet (3), and air flue (4) is for storing inflatable and deflatable process In extra gas, air flue (4) and air bag (1) be connected in series by soft air pipe；Mattress (5) fixes air bag (1), air bag Circle (2), air bag collet (3) and air flue (4) loading are integrated, and the pneumatic control system of air bag (1) is arranged in the interior of mattress (5) The inner space in portion, mattress (5) can directly use automatic inflatable air sac mattress filled with materials, users such as latexes；

Automatic inflatable air sac mattress is controlled by air bag pressure control system；Automatic inflatable air sac mattress is by corresponding to human body different parts Five part air bags composition, air bag pressure control system is by data collection system, PLC controller, air flue switch unit, channel radio Believe module and five part of display unit composition；Air bag pressure control system is connected to by the tracheae being connected on air flue fills automatically On gas air-sac mattress, the air bag distalmost end setting pressure sensor of shared air flue detects air pressure and feeds back to air bag pressure control system System, the solenoid valve adjustment air bag inflation/deflation that the control of air bag pressure control system is mounted on tracheae reduce joint pressure to reach Purpose.

2. according to claim 1 a kind of for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed, feature Be: air bag A0 corresponds to head, and air bag B corresponds to scapular region, and air bag C corresponds to waist, and air bag D corresponds to buttocks, air bag A1, air bag A2, air bag A3, air bag A4 correspond to backbone, and wherein A1 corresponds to cervical vertebra, and A2 corresponds to thoracic vertebrae, and A3 corresponds to lumbar vertebrae, and A4 corresponds to rumpbone, air bag E corresponds to huckle, and air bag F corresponds to poples, and air bag G corresponds to calf, and air bag H corresponds to heel portion；According to the height body of the elderly Statistics, anthropometric data and approximating anatomy's measurement model again, design the size shape of air bag (1) to correspond to organization of human body, from And it is bonded human body.

3. according to claim 1 a kind of for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed, feature Be: the air bag pressure control system by data collection system, PLC controller, air flue switch unit, wireless communication module and Five part of display unit composition；Data collection system connection is connected in PLC controller by terminal AI0-AI7, air flue switching Unit is connect with relay, and relay is connected in PLC controller by DO0-DO15 digital-quantity output interface, radio communication mold Block and display unit are connected in PLC controller by output interface.

4. according to claim 3 a kind of for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed, feature Be: data collection system is made of pressure sensor, Temperature Humidity Sensor and timer；Data collection system acquires in air bag Atmospheric pressure value, bed patient's skin temperature and humidity numerical value and time span, by the data signal transmission of acquisition into PLC controller；It mentions It is preceding write-in to PLC controller different bladder corresponding joint point air pressure secure threshold, to data collection system acquisition data into Row judgement, when detecting that atmospheric pressure value is beyond air pressure secure threshold in air bag, PLC controller transfers signals to corresponding air flue and cuts Change unit；Air flue switch unit is made of solenoid valve, air bag and aerostatic press；Aerostatic press pours certain air into air flue on time, After being connected to PLC controller signal, the solenoid valve of corresponding several air bags will be opened, and be inflated and deflated, until pressure sensing When device detects that atmospheric pressure value returns to air pressure secure threshold, PLC controller will send signal-off solenoid valve.

5. according to claim 1 a kind of for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed, feature Be: air bag pressure control system can adjust automatically operation and switch, user also can pass through care App carry out individual character Change setting；The pressure data of bed the elderly can be uploaded to the App account of binding automatically.

6. according to claim 1 a kind of for the altricious pressure sore prevention air-sac mattress device of old man of lying in bed, feature It is: firstly, system, in initial procedure, each air bag can be inflated to the initial pressure value set；Then successively judgement pair Answer the gasbag pressure value of human body different parts whether in safety therewith range；S1: judging the air bag A0 air pressure on corresponding head is It is no excessive, if being more than safe pressure threshold value, the two-dimentional triple valve and two position two-way valve of air bag A1 and A2 are opened, is allowed in air flue Gas, which enters in air bag, makes air bag pressurize, and air bag A0 only opens two position three-way valve, and the gas in air bag is allowed to enter in air flue When air bag depressurize；Enter next stage if the air bag A0 air pressure on corresponding head is less than safe pressure threshold value；S2: head airbag A0 air pressure normally then judges whether the air bag B air pressure of corresponding scapular region is excessive, if being more than safe pressure threshold value, opens air bag The two-dimentional triple valve and two position two-way valve of A1, A2 and C, allowing the gas in air flue to enter in air bag makes air bag pressurize, make cervical vertebra, The air bag of thoracic vertebrae and waist, which is moderately heaved, undertakes more pressure, and air bag B only opens two position three-way valve, and the gas in air bag is allowed to enter Air bag depressurizes when into air flue；Enter next stage if the air bag B air pressure of corresponding scapular region is less than safe pressure threshold value； S3: the air bag B air pressure of scapular region normally then judges whether the air bag D air pressure of corresponding rumpbone is excessive, if being more than safe pressure threshold value, The two-dimentional triple valve and two position two-way valve for then opening air bag A3, A4 and C are heaved the air bag of lumbar vertebrae and waist moderately and are undertaken more Pressure, air bag D only open two position three-way valve, air bag decompression when the gas in air bag being allowed to enter in air flue；If to the gas of rumpbone Capsule D air pressure is less than safe pressure threshold value and then enters next stage；S4: the air bag D positive pressure of rumpbone often then judges corresponding heel Whether air bag H air pressure is excessive, if being more than safe pressure threshold value, opens the two-dimentional triple valve and bi-bit bi-pass of air bag E, F and G Valve heaves the air bag of thigh, hamstring and shank moderately and undertakes more pressure, and air bag H only opens two position three-way valve, allows in air bag Gas air bag decompression when entering in air flue；It is remained unchanged if the air bag H air pressure to heel is less than safe pressure threshold value； Repeat 4 steps of S1-S4.