CN110118695B - Constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device and method - Google Patents
Constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110118695B CN110118695B CN201910432829.1A CN201910432829A CN110118695B CN 110118695 B CN110118695 B CN 110118695B CN 201910432829 A CN201910432829 A CN 201910432829A CN 110118695 B CN110118695 B CN 110118695B
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- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention provides a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device, which comprises a mechanical stress loading mechanism and a hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, wherein the mechanical stress loading mechanism comprises a force application mechanism, a spring, a passive sliding block and a force supplement mechanism; the invention also provides a test method of the constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device. The device has the advantages of strong applicability to metal material stretching, simplicity, accurate measurement, lower cost and easiness in realizing real-time monitoring of creep stress and displacement under constant force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material performance testing, and particularly relates to a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device.
Background
With the wide application of metal materials, the performance of the metal materials becomes very important, especially the use of steel is more prominent in ocean engineering, and due to the particularity of seawater, the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon is easily generated on steel, and refers to that hydrogen permeates into metal in an atomic state and is recombined into molecules in the metal to generate high pressure, and surface bulging or wrinkling is caused in serious conditions, so that the superior performance of the steel is lost, and therefore, the research on factors influencing the hydrogen permeation phenomenon has important significance on the aspects of the action mechanism, safety protection and the like of the hydrogen permeation.
At present, most of hydrogen permeation tests adopt an electrochemical permeation method to measure the diffusion behavior of hydrogen in a metal structure, the electrochemical hydrogen charging method can be used for obtaining hydrogen concentration which is harsher than the actual working condition, the shutdown state of a reactor can be simulated better, and a test device is relatively simple, so the method is more suitable for the research of hydrogen embrittlement in a multi-field coupling environment of materials, however, in the prior art, the simultaneous implementation of the stretching and the electrochemical reaction of a test piece cannot be realized mostly, the external stress is difficult to reach a constant state, the measurement of a hydrogen permeation curve cannot be accurately carried out, in addition, an external stress mechanism is also difficult to connect with an electrolytic cell, the existing equipment is difficult to realize the good matching between slow stretching and electrochemical corrosion equipment, and the limitation of the types of selectable samples is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects in the prior art, and provides a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device which can realize hydrogen permeation reaction in the action process of a constant load tensile force;
the invention aims to provide a test method of a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device comprises a mechanical stress loading mechanism and a hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, wherein the mechanical stress loading mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism are arranged on a base, the mechanical stress loading mechanism comprises a force application mechanism, a stretching transmission mechanism and a force compensation mechanism, the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism comprises a test piece and a test piece stretching frame, the stretching transmission mechanism comprises a spring and a driven slide block, the force application mechanism is connected with the spring, the spring is connected with the driven slide block, the driven slide block is connected with the test piece stretching frame, the force application mechanism can generate tensile force on the spring to enable the spring to deform, the spring generates tensile force on the driven slide block and the test piece stretching frame to enable the test piece stretching frame to move away from the direction of the test piece, the test piece is stretched, the length of the test piece can change after being stretched, the length of the spring is also changed, and the spring generates partial loss on the tensile force of the test piece, the force compensation mechanism can compensate the lost force so as to ensure the constant force loading of the test piece.
Further, the force compensation mechanism comprises a displacement detector, a current controller, a standard weight, an electromagnetic disc, a steel wire and a fixed pulley, wherein the displacement detector is connected with a spring, the displacement detector is sequentially electrically connected with the current controller and the electromagnetic disc, the electromagnetic disc is fixed on the base, the standard weight pulled by one end of the steel wire is arranged above the electromagnetic disc, the fixed pulley fixed on the base is connected with a test piece stretching frame to generate tension to the test piece, the displacement detector is used for detecting the length change of the spring, and the current flowing through the electromagnetic disc is adjusted by the current controller according to the length change of the spring, so that the attraction of the electromagnetic disc to the standard weight is adjusted, the standard weight is finally controlled to realize the tension compensation of the loss of the test piece through the tension of the steel wire pulling test piece, and the constant force loading of the test piece is ensured.
Further, force applying mechanism includes lead screw, motion slider and lead screw limiting plate, and the lead screw is connected with the motion slider, motion slider and spring coupling, and accessible rotation regulation lead screw motion, lead screw drive motion slider keep away from the spring direction and remove, and then produce the pulling force and make the spring take place deformation to the spring, and the lead screw limiting plate sets up on the base, and fixed the setting is at the rear of lead screw for the removal of restriction lead screw.
Furthermore, the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism further comprises an electrolytic cell, a gasket, a sealing clamp and a test piece fixing frame, wherein the test piece fixing frame is fixed on the base, one end of the test piece is fixedly arranged on the test piece fixing frame, the other end of the test piece is arranged on the test piece stretching frame, the test piece stretching frame is far away from the test piece direction to move, so that the test piece is stretched, the gasket is clamped on the test piece, an opening with the aperture smaller than the width of the test piece is formed in the middle of the gasket, the gasket is tightly attached to the test piece through the sealing clamp, the electrolytic cell is divided into a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell, the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are respectively arranged on two sides of the test piece, and the opening formed in the gasket is in sealing connection with the test piece.
Furthermore, the gasket is two acrylic plates which are attached together, and a silica gel sheet is attached between the two acrylic plates, so that the gasket is attached to the test piece in a sealing manner.
Furthermore, the acrylic plate of the gasket is in a square shape with the side length of 40mm or a round shape with the diameter of 40mm, and the thickness of the acrylic plate is 2 mm; the silica gel sheet is circular, and has a diameter of 30mm and a thickness of 2 mm.
Furthermore, the steel wire is horizontally arranged and is superposed with the stressed central line of the test piece.
Furthermore, the moving slide block is connected with the lead screw through threads, the moving slide block is connected with the spring through a pin, and the moving slide block slides through a dovetail groove formed in the base.
Furthermore, the driven sliding block is connected with the spring through a pin, and the driven sliding block slides through a dovetail groove formed in the base.
Furthermore, a through hole penetrating through two ends of the screw rod is formed in the middle of the screw rod, and the steel wire penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the test piece.
Furthermore, the design quantity of the springs is 3, so that the stress stability in the stretching process is ensured.
Further, the electromagnetic disc is fixed on the base through screws.
Furthermore, the force compensation mechanism further comprises a fixed pulley fixing plate, the fixed pulley fixing plate is fixed on the base through a screw, and the fixed pulley is fixed on the fixed pulley fixing plate.
A test method of a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device comprises the following steps:
s1, installing the force application mechanism, the stretching transmission mechanism, the force compensation mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism on the base, sequentially connecting the force application mechanism, the stretching transmission mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, and connecting the force compensation mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism;
s2, taking two acrylic plates to be adhered together to serve as a gasket, arranging an opening with the aperture smaller than the width of the test piece in the middle of the gasket according to the width of the test piece, placing the test piece between the two acrylic plates to enable the test piece to completely cover the opening of the gasket, adhering a silica gel sheet between the two acrylic plates to enable the two acrylic plates to be tightly adhered together, and clamping a sealing clamp on the gasket to ensure the sealing property of the test piece;
s3, fixedly arranging one end of the test piece prepared in the S2 on a test piece fixing frame, and fixedly arranging the other end of the test piece on a test piece stretching frame; and respectively connecting the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell with the two sides of the test piece through the openings on the gasket, so that the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are hermetically connected with the test piece.
S4, rotating the lead screw, and pulling the spring, the driven slide block and the test piece stretching frame in sequence by the lead screw through the steel wire to enable the test piece stretching frame to move towards the direction far away from the test piece, thereby stretching the test piece.
S5, detecting the change delta x of the length of the spring through a displacement detector, controlling the current according to the delta x by the current controller 4, wherein the current I = (k delta x-mg)/BL, further controlling the acting force applied by the electromagnetic disc to the standard weight, transmitting the acting force to the test piece stretching frame through the steel wire and the fixed pulley, compensating the force lost due to the deformation of the spring, and ensuring the constant force loading of the test piece.
And S6, collecting and recording data, and calculating the hydrogen diffusion coefficient and related parameters.
Further, in S2, for the test piece that has the breach, the trompil of gasket needs skew center setting, prevents that reaction liquid from contacting the test piece breach and producing and revealing, guarantees that the gasket trompil distributes on test piece breach both sides, and reaction liquid acts on the test piece in order to guarantee going on of reaction.
Further, in S3, the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are fixed to the gasket at the opening by adhesive, so that the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are connected to the test piece in a sealing manner.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the device is adjustable, can meet the conditions of various tensile hydrogen permeation reactions, can provide loading force for a test piece through elastic deformation of the spring, and can compensate force through the electromagnetic feedback system according to the tiny tensile deformation of the test piece so as to ensure that the load can be continuously and constantly output;
(2) the test piece is subjected to electrochemical reaction in the hydrogen permeation reaction device, the sealing of an experimental environment is guaranteed through the gasket made of silica gel and an acrylic plate, the experimental sealing performance meets the basic requirement of 72 hours, the device has strong applicability to metal material stretching, is simple, accurate in measurement and low in cost, and real-time monitoring of creep stress and displacement under constant force is easy to realize;
(3) the invention realizes the hydrogen filling by changing the eccentric distance of the open hole of the gasket for the sample with the gap, and avoids the problems of liquid seepage and liquid leakage caused by the hydrogen filling at the position of the gap directly.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the gasket and sealing clip configuration of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a V-shaped groove test piece and a gasket structure of the device of the present invention;
in the figure 1, an electromagnetic disc; 2. a standard weight; 3. a fixed pulley; 4. a current controller; 5. a lead screw; 6. a steel wire; 7. a displacement detector; 8. a spring; 9. a base; 10. a test piece; 11. sealing and clamping; 12. a gasket; 13. a test piece fixing frame; 14. a fixed pulley fixing plate; 15. a screw limiting plate; 16. a moving slide block; 17. a passive slider; 18. a test piece stretching frame; 19. an electrolytic cell; 20. an eccentric hole.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus includes a mechanical stress loading mechanism and a hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, the mechanical stress loading mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism are disposed on a base 9, the mechanical stress loading mechanism includes a force application mechanism, a tensile transmission mechanism and a force compensation mechanism, the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism includes a test piece 10 and a test piece tensile frame 18, the tensile transmission mechanism includes a spring 8 and a passive slider 17, the passive slider 17 is connected with the spring 8 through a pin, the passive slider 17 slides through a dovetail groove disposed in the base 9, the force application mechanism is connected with the spring 8, the passive slider 17 is connected with the test piece tensile frame 18, the force application mechanism can generate a tensile force to the spring 8 to deform the spring 8, the spring 8 generates a tensile force to the passive slider 17 and the test piece tensile frame 18 to make the test piece tensile frame 18 move away from the direction of the test piece 10, therefore, the tensile test piece 10 is stretched, the length of the test piece 10 is changed after the tensile test piece 10 is stretched, errors exist in an experimental device, the length of the spring 8 is changed, a part of loss of the tensile force of the spring 8 on the test piece 10 is caused, the tensile force of the mechanical stress loading mechanism on the test piece 10 cannot be kept constant, and the loss force can be compensated by the force compensation mechanism to ensure constant force loading of the test piece 10.
In the embodiment of the invention, the force compensation mechanism comprises a displacement detector 7, a current controller 4, a standard weight 2, an electromagnetic disc 1, a steel wire 6, a fixed pulley 3 and a fixed pulley fixing plate 14, wherein the fixed pulley fixing plate 14 is fixed on a base 9 through screws, the fixed pulley 3 is fixed on the fixed pulley fixing plate 14, one side of the displacement detector 7 is connected with the spring 8, the other side of the displacement detector 7 is electrically connected with the current controller 4 and the electromagnetic disc 1 in sequence, the electromagnetic disc 1 is fixed on the base 9 through screws, the standard weight 2 pulled by one end of the steel wire 6 is arranged above the electromagnetic disc 1, the other end of the steel wire 6 bypasses the fixed pulley fixed on the base 9 to be connected with a test piece stretching frame 18 to generate tension on a test piece 10, the steel wire 6 is horizontally arranged and is superposed with the stressed central line of the test piece 10, and the displacement detector is used for detecting the length change of the spring 8, and according to the length change of the spring 8, the current controller 4 adjusts the current flowing through the electromagnetic disc 1, so that the attraction of the electromagnetic disc 1 to the standard weight 2 is adjusted, and finally the tension of the standard weight 2 pulling the test piece 10 through the steel wire 6 is controlled, so that the tension compensation of the loss of the test piece 10 is realized, and the constant force loading of the test piece 10 is ensured.
In the embodiment of the invention, the force application mechanism comprises a lead screw 5, a moving slide block 16 and a lead screw limiting plate 15, the lead screw 5 is in threaded connection with the moving slide block 16, the moving slide block 16 is connected with a spring 8 through a pin, the moving slide block 16 slides through a dovetail groove arranged in a base 9, the length of the lead screw 5 can be adjusted through rotation, the moving slide block 16 is driven to move away from the spring 8, tension is generated on the spring 8, and the spring 8 is deformed, the lead screw limiting plate 15 is arranged on the base 9 and fixedly arranged behind the lead screw 5 and used for limiting the movement of the lead screw 5, and the lead screw limiting plate limits the movement of the lead screw 5 but does not limit the rotation of the lead screw 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the middle of the screw rod 5 is provided with a through hole penetrating through two ends of the screw rod 5, and a steel wire 6 of the force compensation mechanism can penetrate through the through hole to be connected with a test piece 10.
As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the springs 8 is 3, so as to ensure the stability of the stress during the stretching process.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism further comprises an electrolytic cell 19, a gasket 12, a sealing clamp 11 and a test piece fixing frame 13, the test piece fixing frame 13 is fixed on the base 9, one end of the test piece 10 is fixedly arranged on the test piece fixing frame 13, the other end is arranged on the test piece stretching frame 18, the specimen 10 is tensioned by moving the specimen tension frame 18 away from the specimen 10, the clamp has gasket 12 on test piece 10, and gasket 12 is the ya keli board of two mutual symmetries, has pasted the silica gel piece between two ya keli boards, makes gasket 12 and test piece 10 sealed laminating, is provided with the trompil that the aperture is lighter than test piece 10 width in the middle of the gasket 12, and gasket 12 closely laminates with test piece 10 through sealed clamp 11, and electrolytic bath 19 divide into negative pole electrolytic cell and positive pole electrolytic cell, and negative pole electrolytic cell and positive pole electrolytic cell set up respectively on test piece 10 both sides, through trompil and test piece 10 sealing connection that set up on gasket 12.
In the embodiment of the invention, the screw 5 is rotated to move, the screw 5 drives the moving slide block 16 to move away from the test piece 10, so that the spring 8 is stretched, in the rebound process of the spring 8, the driven slide block 17 is pulled, the driven slide block 17 and the test piece stretching frame 18 move away from the test piece 10, so that the test piece 10 is stretched, the length of the test piece 10 is changed through the stretching, the length of the spring 8 is changed along with the change of the length of the test piece after stretching, so that the spring 8 partially loses the pulling force of the test piece 10, the lost force is compensated through the force compensation mechanism, the displacement detector 7 detects the micro deformation delta x of the spring 8, the lost force is compensated through Hooke's law F = delta x, so that the force F needs to be compensated through the electromagnetic disc 1 and the standard weight 2, and F1= BIL, F = F1+ mg (m is the weight mass), therefore, I = (k delta x-mg)/BL is deduced, only delta x is a variable, so that delta x is measured by the displacement detector 7, the current controller 4 controls the current according to the delta x, further the acting force applied by the electromagnetic disc 1 to the standard weight 2 is controlled, and the acting force is transmitted to the test piece stretching frame 18 through the steel wire 6 and the fixed pulley 3, so that the constant force loading of the test piece 10 can be ensured.
The utility model discloses a test piece 10, including test piece 10, gasket 12, silica gel sheet, gasket 12 is two the laminating ya keli boards that are in the same place of laminating, it pastes the silica gel sheet to paste between two ya keli boards, make gasket 12 and test piece 10 seal the laminating, gasket 12 that ya keli board and silica gel sheet constitute has fine laminating effect to test piece 10, be provided with the trompil that the aperture is lighter than test piece 10 width in the middle of gasket 12, guarantee electrochemistry solution test piece surface in close contact with, under the pressure of seal clamp 11, gasket 12 and test piece 10 laminating are inseparable, the condition that has avoided liquid to spill over and has formed the short circuit return circuit takes place, test piece 10 tensile in-process, under the pressure effect of gasket 12 and seal clamp 11, solution in the electrolytic bath 19 is in encapsulated situation all the time with test piece 10 contact.
In other embodiments of the present invention, an adaptive solution can be provided for different sizes and shapes of the test piece, in this embodiment, a circular acrylic plate with a diameter of 40mm and a thickness of 2mm is adhered to the interface of the chemical reaction tank by using an adhesive, a silica gel sheet with a diameter of 30mm and a thickness of 2mm is adhered to the acrylic plate, a hole in the middle of the gasket can be set by itself according to the size of the test piece, and after the test piece 10 is held, the interface of the chemical reaction tank is pre-tightened by using a sealing clamp 11 to ensure complete sealing.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides a new solution for a test piece with a V-shaped groove, and according to the principle of the reaction of the hydrogen permeation experiment, it is ensured that the current can flow through the V-shaped groove, and thus, when the test piece with the V-shaped groove is clamped, the opening of the gasket needs to be arranged off-center, that is, the eccentric hole 20, to ensure that the openings of the gasket are uniformly distributed on both sides of the V-shaped groove, and the reaction liquid does not leak without contacting the V-shaped groove, and simultaneously, the reaction liquid acts on the test piece to ensure the reaction.
The test method of the constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, installing the force application mechanism, the stretching transmission mechanism, the force compensation mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism on the base, sequentially connecting the force application mechanism, the stretching transmission mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, and connecting the force compensation mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism;
s2, taking two acrylic plates to be adhered together to serve as a gasket, arranging an opening with the aperture smaller than the width of the test piece in the middle of the gasket according to the width of the test piece, placing the test piece between the two acrylic plates to enable the test piece to completely cover the opening of the gasket, adhering a silica gel sheet between the two acrylic plates to enable the two acrylic plates to be tightly adhered together, and clamping a sealing clamp on the gasket to ensure the sealing property of the test piece; for a test piece with a notch, the opening of the gasket needs to be arranged off center, so that the reaction liquid is prevented from contacting the notch of the test piece to generate leakage, the openings of the gasket are distributed on two sides of the notch of the test piece, and the reaction liquid acts on the test piece to ensure the reaction;
s3, one end of the test piece prepared in the S2 is fixedly arranged on a test piece fixing frame, the other end of the test piece is fixedly arranged on a test piece stretching frame, a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell are respectively connected with two sides of the test piece through openings in a gasket, the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are fixedly connected with the gasket at the openings through adhesive, and the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are hermetically connected with the test piece;
s4, rotating a lead screw, and sequentially pulling a spring, a driven slide block and a test piece stretching frame through a steel wire by the lead screw to enable the test piece stretching frame to move in a direction far away from the test piece, so that a stretching effect is generated on the test piece;
s5, detecting the change delta x of the length of the spring through a displacement detector, and controlling the current according to the delta x by the current controller 4, wherein the current I = (k delta x-mg)/BL, so as to control the acting force applied by the electromagnetic disc to the standard weight, and the acting force is transmitted to a test piece stretching frame through a steel wire and a fixed pulley, so as to compensate the force lost due to the deformation of the spring, thereby ensuring the constant force loading of the test piece;
and S6, collecting and recording data, and calculating the hydrogen diffusion coefficient and related parameters.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device is characterized by comprising a mechanical stress loading mechanism and a hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, wherein the mechanical stress loading mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism are arranged on a base (9), the mechanical stress loading mechanism comprises a force application mechanism, a stretching transmission mechanism and a force compensation mechanism, the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism comprises a test piece (10) and a test piece stretching frame (18), the stretching transmission mechanism comprises a spring (8) and a driven sliding block (17), the force application mechanism is connected with the spring (8), the spring (8) is connected with the driven sliding block (17), the driven sliding block (17) is connected with the test piece stretching frame (18), the force application mechanism can generate tensile force on the spring (8) to enable the spring (8) to deform, the spring (8) generates tensile force on the driven sliding block (17) and the test piece stretching frame (18) to enable the test piece stretching frame (18) to move in a direction far away from the test piece (10), therefore, the test piece (10) is stretched, the length of the test piece (10) can be changed after stretching, the length of the spring (8) is changed, a part of loss is generated on the tensile force of the spring (8) to the test piece (10), and the force compensation mechanism can compensate the lost force to ensure the constant force loading of the test piece (10); the force compensation mechanism comprises a displacement detector (7), a current controller (4), standard weight weights (2), an electromagnetic disc (1), a steel wire (6) and a fixed pulley (3), wherein the displacement detector (7) is connected with a spring (8), the displacement detector (7) is sequentially electrically connected with the current controller (4) and the electromagnetic disc (1), the electromagnetic disc (1) is fixed on a base (9), the standard weight weights (2) pulled by one end of the steel wire (6) are arranged above the electromagnetic disc (1), the other end of the steel wire (6) bypasses the fixed pulley fixed on the base (9) to be connected with a test piece stretching frame (18) to generate pulling force on a test piece (10), the displacement detector is used for detecting the length change of the spring (8) and adjusts the current flowing through the electromagnetic disc (1) according to the length change of the spring (8), and then the gravity of the electromagnetic disc (1) on the standard weight (2) is adjusted, and finally the standard weight (2) is controlled to pull the test piece (10) through the steel wire (6), so that the loss tension compensation of the test piece (10) is realized, and the constant force loading of the test piece (10) is ensured.
2. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the force application mechanism comprises a lead screw (5), a moving slider (16) and a lead screw limiting plate (15), the lead screw (5) is connected with the moving slider (16), the moving slider (16) is connected with a spring (8), the lead screw (5) can be adjusted through rotation to move, the lead screw (5) drives the moving slider (16) to move away from the spring (8) in the direction, and further generates pulling force on the spring (8) to enable the spring (8) to deform, and the lead screw limiting plate (15) is arranged on the base (9) and fixedly arranged behind the lead screw (5) and used for limiting the movement of the lead screw (5).
3. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism further comprises an electrolytic cell (19), a gasket (12), a sealing clamp (11) and a test piece fixing frame (13), the test piece fixing frame (13) is fixed on the base (9), one end of the test piece (10) is fixedly arranged on the test piece fixing frame (13), the other end of the test piece (10) is arranged on the test piece stretching frame (18), the test piece stretching frame (18) moves away from the test piece (10) to achieve the stretching effect on the test piece (10), the gasket (12) is clamped on the test piece (10), an opening with the aperture smaller than the width of the test piece (10) is formed in the middle of the gasket (12), the gasket (12) is tightly attached to the test piece (10) through the sealing clamp (11), the electrolytic cell (19) is divided into a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell, the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are respectively arranged on two sides of the test piece (10), the test piece (10) is connected in a sealing way through the opening arranged on the gasket (12).
4. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the gasket (12) is two acrylic plates bonded together, and a silica gel sheet is bonded between the two acrylic plates, so that the gasket (12) is hermetically bonded to the test piece (10).
5. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the acrylic plate shape of the gasket (12) is a square with a side length of 40mm or a circle with a diameter of 40mm, and the thickness is 2 mm; the silica gel sheet is circular, and has a diameter of 30mm and a thickness of 2 mm.
6. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the steel wire (6) is horizontally arranged and is overlapped with a stressed central line of the test piece (10).
7. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the moving slider (16) is connected with the lead screw (5) through a thread, the moving slider (16) is connected with the spring (8) through a pin, and the moving slider (16) slides through a dovetail groove formed in the base (9).
8. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driven slider (17) is connected with the spring (8) through a pin, and the driven slider (17) slides through a dovetail groove arranged in the base (9).
9. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a through hole penetrating through two ends of the screw rod (5) is arranged in the middle of the screw rod (5), and the steel wire (6) penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the test piece (10).
10. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of the springs (8) is 3, so as to ensure the stability of the stress in the stretching process.
11. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic disc (1) is fixed on the base (9) through screws.
12. The constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the force compensation mechanism further comprises a fixed pulley fixing plate (14), the fixed pulley fixing plate (14) is fixed on the base (9) through screws, and the fixed pulley (3) is fixed on the fixed pulley fixing plate (14).
13. The testing method of the constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, installing the force application mechanism, the stretching transmission mechanism, the force compensation mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism on the base, sequentially connecting the force application mechanism, the stretching transmission mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism, and connecting the force compensation mechanism and the hydrogen permeation reaction mechanism;
s2, taking two acrylic plates to be adhered together to serve as a gasket, arranging an opening with the aperture smaller than the width of the test piece in the middle of the gasket according to the width of the test piece, placing the test piece between the two acrylic plates to enable the test piece to completely cover the opening of the gasket, adhering a silica gel sheet between the two acrylic plates to enable the two acrylic plates to be tightly adhered together, and clamping a sealing clamp on the gasket to ensure the sealing property of the test piece;
s3, fixedly arranging one end of the test piece prepared in the S2 on a test piece fixing frame, and fixedly arranging the other end of the test piece on a test piece stretching frame; connecting a cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell with two sides of the test piece through openings on the gasket respectively, so that the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are connected with the test piece in a sealing way;
s4, rotating a lead screw, and sequentially pulling a spring, a driven slide block and a test piece stretching frame through a steel wire by the lead screw to enable the test piece stretching frame to move in a direction far away from the test piece, so that a stretching effect is generated on the test piece;
s5, detecting the change delta x of the length of the spring through a displacement detector, controlling the current according to the delta x by the current controller 4, wherein the current I is (k delta x-mg)/BL, further controlling the acting force applied by the electromagnetic disc to the standard weight, transmitting the acting force to a test piece stretching frame through a steel wire through a fixed pulley, compensating the force lost due to the deformation of the spring, and ensuring the constant force loading of the test piece;
and S6, collecting and recording data, and calculating the hydrogen diffusion coefficient and related parameters.
14. The testing method of the constant stress loading hydrogen permeation testing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein in S2, for the test piece with the notch, the opening of the gasket needs to be arranged off-center to prevent the reaction liquid from contacting the notch of the test piece and leaking, and ensure that the openings of the gasket are distributed on two sides of the notch of the test piece, and the reaction liquid acts on the test piece to ensure the reaction.
15. The testing method of the constant stress loading hydrogen permeation experimental facility according to the claim 13, wherein in S3, the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are fixed to the gasket at the opening by gluing, so that the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are connected to the test piece in a sealing manner.
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