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CN110087928A - 动力传动系和机动车 - Google Patents

动力传动系和机动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110087928A
CN110087928A CN201780078145.5A CN201780078145A CN110087928A CN 110087928 A CN110087928 A CN 110087928A CN 201780078145 A CN201780078145 A CN 201780078145A CN 110087928 A CN110087928 A CN 110087928A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gear
combustion engine
internal combustion
powertrain
clutch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780078145.5A
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English (en)
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CN110087928B (zh
Inventor
周扬
马丁·福内赫姆
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication of CN110087928A publication Critical patent/CN110087928A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110087928B publication Critical patent/CN110087928B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆尤其用于轿车的动力传动系，以及车辆本身。所述动力传动系具有驱动轴(30)、输出轴(40)和三个行星齿轮传动单元(P1，P2，P3)以及三个制动装置(B1，B2，B3)以及电机(EM)，所述电机的输出装置(EMA)与第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的太阳轮(S)并且与第一制动装置(B1)旋转固定地耦联或可耦联。

Description

动力传动系和机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆尤其用于轿车的动力传动系，以及车辆本身。
背景技术
在车辆的电驱动过程中，存在对于混合动力模块的提高的需求，借助所述混合动力模块可以将电行驶运行与内燃发动机的运行组合。
现今包括的通过将内燃发动机耦联到车辆的动力传动系处可以将电动运行与内燃机运行组合的混合动力模块，大多由电动机、分离式离合器、分离式离合器的操纵系统、和轴承以及将三个主部件连接成能运转的单元的壳体部件组成。电动机能够实现电行驶、用于内燃机运行的功率增加以及能量回收利用。分离式离合器及其操纵系统负责内燃机的耦联或脱耦。
具有混合动力模块、例如具有P2混合动力模块的车辆比具有内燃发动机的传统车辆或纯电动车辆提供更多行驶状态。然而，明显更多的部件也必须可不同转动地被支承并且彼此耦联或脱耦。
DE 10 2009 038 344 A1公开一种用于机动车的动力传动系模块，其包括混合动力模块，其中子离合器布置在由混合动力模块的电机占据的空间之内。
DE 10 2015 007 439 B3教导一种具有多挡自动装置的混合动力传动系，所述多挡自动装置基于9挡自动变速器。在所述混合动力传动系中，电机耦联到第一行星传动装置的承载轴处。
具有多个挡的另一已知的变速器是在图1中示出的克莱斯勒的68RFE。
借此可切换的挡可由以下概览获知。
挡 传动比 K1 K2 K3 B2 B1 B3
1 3.23 X X
2 1.83 X X
3 1.41 X X
4 1.00 X X
5 0.81 X X
6 0.62 X X
Rev -4.44 X X
各个简写具有以下意义：
K1：第一离合器装置
K2：第二离合器装置
K3：第三离合器装置
B1：第一制动装置
B2：第二制动装置
B3：第三制动装置
1-6：挡1-6
Rev：倒挡
通过六个换挡元件的操纵的组合，能够实现具有5,2分开的六个前进挡以及一个倒挡。在换挡时，始终接入仅一个元件并且断开一个元件。
各个装置以不同的扭矩容量相对于处于变速器输入端处的扭矩设计：
·B3：至少546％，其中设计相关的挡是倒挡，
·K3：至少100％，其中设计相关的挡是倒挡，
·K1，至少100％，其中设计相关的挡是第一挡，第二挡或第三挡，
·K2：至少100％，其中设计相关的挡是第五挡或第六挡，
·B2：至少84.2％，其中设计相关的挡是第二挡，
·B1：至少40.9％，其中设计相关的挡是第三挡。
为了安全目的，提及的扭矩容量具有附加的动态储备并且因此例如提高10％。
设计相关的挡是变速器的如下挡：所述挡对离合器的或制动器的力矩容量提出最高要求进而是要求主导的挡。
技术上已知的是，将内燃机和电动机组合，由此，两个最大力矩的总和得出(在缺少操控界限时)设计相关的处于变速器输入端处的扭矩。
此外，已知P2混合动力模块，其中电机功能性地并且在几何结构上处于变速器输入端处。
为了获得电附加功能的最大值，在此，经常在内燃发动机与电机之间使用分离式离合器，即所谓的K0。所述分离式离合器的实施方式是多变的：从经由超越离合器的形状配合的爪式离合器、同步式切换离合器直至干式的或在油中运行的摩擦离合器。也已知离合器的结构上的集成，例如在电动机之内，轴向地直接在用于变速器输入端的离合器旁边或与液力变矩器的组合。同样已知的是，电机尽管与变速器输入端连接，但是固定传动地连接，例如通过皮带传动(轴向平行)或齿链(轴向平行)或正齿轮级(轴向平行)或自身的行星齿轮组(同轴)。
已知的具有集成在变速器中的电机的混合变速器通常具有仅非常少的挡(例如三至五个)，其中挡机械式地以最不同的方式实现：从正齿轮齿部和同步的换挡装置经由具有最不同的工艺的离合器或制动器的行星组直至无级的摩擦变速器。在其他变速器中通过合适的传动比选择实现的燃料节省可以在所述变速器中也不同地实现，即通过混合功能以及负荷点移动和电行驶，使得可以保持挡的数量少。
同样已知的是具有直至十个挡的多挡-自动变速器，其中在所述多挡-自动变速器中，与P2混合头的组合是可想而知的，也因为电机的集成得出非常复杂的运行模式。然而，在构造用于在内燃发动机和电机处的组合使用的多挡-变速器，即所谓的P2混合动力模块中，存在结构上的限制，存在对于多挡的变速器结构元件的许多结构空间需求，使得仅还非常受限地能够利用用于足够大的电机的结构空间。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于车辆的动力传动系，所述动力传动系借助小的结构空间将高的行驶舒适性与低的能量消耗组合。
所述目的通过根据本发明的根据权利要求1的动力传动系实现。动力传动系的有利的设计方案在从属权利要求2至9中说明。补充地，提出一种根据权利要求10的机动车，所述机动车具有根据本发明的动力传动系。权利要求的特征可以以任何技术上有意义的方式和方法组合，其中为此也可以考虑来自以下的说明书中的阐述以及来自附图的特征，所述阐述和特征包括本发明的补充的设计方案。
本发明涉及一种用于车辆尤其用于轿车的动力传动系，所述动力传动系具有驱动轴、输出轴以及第一行星齿轮传动单元、第二行星齿轮传动单元和第三行星齿轮传动单元，这些行星齿轮传动单元分别具有太阳轮、承载轮和齿圈。
第一行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮与第二行星齿轮传动单元的太阳轮旋转固定地耦联或可耦联，第一行星齿轮传动单元的齿圈与第二行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮并且与第三行星齿轮传动单元的齿圈旋转固定地耦联或可耦联，第二行星齿轮传动单元的齿圈与第三行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮旋转固定地耦联或可耦联。此外，动力传动系具有第一离合器装置和第二离合器装置，其中离合器装置以其输入侧连接于驱动轴，并且第一离合器装置的输出侧旋转固定地与第三行星齿轮传动单元的太阳轮耦联或可耦联，并且第二离合器装置的输出侧旋转固定地与第二行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮耦联或可耦联。此外，动力传动系具有第一制动装置、第二制动装置和第三制动装置，其中第一制动装置旋转固定地与第一行星齿轮传动单元的太阳轮耦联或可耦联，第二制动装置旋转固定地与第一行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮耦联或可耦联，第三制动装置旋转固定地与第一行星齿轮传动单元的齿圈、与第二行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮、与第三行星齿轮传动单元的齿圈耦联或可耦联，并且输出轴旋转固定地与第三行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮耦联或可耦联。此外，动力传动系包括电机，尤其电动机，所述电机的优选呈转子形式的输出装置与第一行星齿轮传动单元的太阳轮并且与第一制动装置旋转固定地耦联或可耦联。
承载轮也可理解为行星齿轮的单元。
借助相应的制动装置，连接于其上的轮的旋转相对于支架或壳体至少可被制动，优选地可被阻止。
优选地，第二行星齿轮传动单元的承载轮与第三行星齿轮传动单元的齿圈旋转固定地耦联或可耦联。
此外，优选地提出，第一行星齿轮传动单元的所谓的定轴轮系传动比(在行星架静止时在太阳轮和齿圈之间的传动比)是-1.5至-1.8，第二行星齿轮传动单元的定轴轮系传动比是-1.5至-1.8，并且第三行星齿轮传动单元的定轴轮系传动比是-2至-2.5。
也就是说，电机定位成，使得电机的输出装置连接于在第三离合器装置的输出端和第一制动装置之间的扭矩路径，使得电机的旋转运动可以被传输给第一行星齿轮传动单元的太阳轮以及经由离合器装置传输给另外两个行星齿轮传动单元。
所提及的旋转固定的耦联或可耦联性在本发明的意义上可理解为，相应的关于耦联提及的第一设备在不具有中间连接另一在此提及的设备的情况下与关于耦联提及的第二设备机械地连接。所述连接可以必要时直接通过合适的扭矩传输机构实施。
具体地，即在克莱斯勒的六挡变速器68RFE的情况下，电机在逻辑上连接在所存在的离合器下游，并且因此不布置在变速器输入端处。通过根据本发明的设计方案，可舍弃额外布置的分离式离合器。
在动力传动系的一个设计方案中，所述动力传动系具有第三离合器装置，所述第三离合器装置以其输入侧连接于驱动轴，其中第三离合器装置的输出侧旋转固定地与第一行星齿轮传动单元的太阳轮耦联或可耦联，第一制动装置旋转固定地与第三离合器装置的输出侧耦联或可耦联，并且电机的输出装置与第三离合器装置的输出侧耦联或可耦联。
借助动力传动系的所述可选的设计方案，在接通内燃机机组的情况下能够实现低速的行驶运动。
然而，根据本发明的动力传动系不受限于第三离合器装置的使用，而是也可以在不具有第三离合器装置的情况下实施。不仅在具有第三离合器装置而且在不具有第三离合器装置的情况下，通过动力传动系可实施所谓的E-挡，所述E-挡允许在低速时不仅向前而且向后的电行驶。
这意味着，与电机的集成的组合可以通过如下方式舍弃第三离合器装置：仅仅在电行驶运行中通过E-挡实现向后行驶。
在此，根据本发明的动力传动系可以构造成，使得第三离合器装置的功能基于形状配合。
基于形状配合的实施方式例如是可切换的超越离合器，所述超越离合器例如具有滚子、棘爪、锥形垫圈、束锥元件(Schaubkonus-Element)，或也可是爪式离合器，必要时与摩擦同步进行组合。所述实施方式在成本、结构空间和牵引损耗方面是节省的。
此外，电机和第一制动装置可以在结构上或空间上直接并排地布置。
动力传动系优选包括具有内燃机-扭矩容量的内燃发动机，其中电机的E-扭矩容量是内燃机-扭矩容量的至少40％。
替选地或补充地，动力传动系可以构造成，使得其包括具有内燃机-扭矩容量的内燃发动机，并且第二离合器装置设计用于传输内燃机-扭矩容量的至少150％，尤其多于内燃机-扭矩容量的250％。
当在输出轴处应该存在恒定的输出扭矩时，需要多于内燃机-扭矩容量的250％。这意味着，第二离合器装置可以传输最大由内燃机提供的扭矩的至少150％。当在输出轴处需要恒定的输出扭矩时，由第二离合器装置在全功率时甚至传输最大由内燃机提供的扭矩的250％大小的扭矩。以相应的方式设计第二离合器装置。
此外，第一离合器装置可以设计用于传输内燃机-扭矩容量的至少140％。
在另一设计方案中提出，第二制动装置设计用于接收内燃机-扭矩容量的至少250％。
也就是说，第二制动装置设计和构造成，借助所述第二制动装置在动力传动系的全负荷情况下可保持由内燃发动机提供的最大扭矩的至少250％。
制动装置的功能可以基于以下作用原理中的一个或多个：
-可切换的超越离合器，尤其滚子式超越离合器或斜撑式超越离合器，
-增强机械机构，尤其楔形制动器、带式制动器、或缠绕带，
-形状配合，尤其爪式制动器，
-锁止同步。
也就是说，与电机的集成组合地，第一制动装置的在更紧凑的、在力传输技术上可更少定量的不同的设计方式方面的改型可行的是，例如可以实施为可切换的超越离合器，例如具有滚子、棘爪、锥形垫圈、束锥元件，或实施为静摩擦离合器，其具有带有高摩擦值的静摩擦元件，例如陶瓷垫、硬质纤维覆层、粘扣带，或实施为具有增强机械机构的离合器，所述离合器可以具有带有增强作用的摩擦元件，例如带式制动器、抱簧、助力斜面(Boost-Rampen)；或实施为基于形状配合的离合器或制动器，所述离合器或制动器例如可以实施为爪式离合器，必要时与摩擦同步进行组合。
尽管第三制动装置在E-挡中以及还有在第一挡中需要高的扭矩容量，然而第三制动装置仅在所述挡中应用。
只要在第一挡与第二挡之间换挡时采取合适的措施或一定的扭矩波动是可接受的，则第三制动装置可以形状配合地实施并且因此集成在非常紧凑的构造形式中。此外，第三制动装置也可以实施为组合式装置，所述组合式装置将基于形状配合起作用的制动元件与超越离合器或摩擦配合作用的元件组合。
在此，也又可以使用不同的设备，例如可切换的超越离合器，其具有滚子、棘爪、锥形垫圈、束锥元件，或基于形状配合的装置，例如爪式离合器，必要时与摩擦同步进行组合。
电机在根据本发明的优选的安装位置处的集成能够实现，使用更小的或更少确定尺寸的离合器元件或舍弃附加的或在不具有电机的情况下必要的离合器元件。此外，根据本发明的安装位置允许基于在空间上与制动器临近的结构组合。
换挡过程可以电同步，使得一些传统的换挡元件从摩擦技术(片式离合器、同步环)可以转为具有更少结构空间需求的形状配合技术。
由此，所述换挡元件需要明显更少的结构空间，所述结构空间可以提供给合适的电机的集成。
补充地，本发明提供一种机动车，所述机动车具有至少一个驱动轮，所述驱动轮可借助根据本发明的动力传动系驱动。
附图说明
以下在相关的技术背景下参照所属的附图详细阐述上述发明，所述附图示出优选的设计方案。本发明通过纯示意性的附图不以任何方式受限，其中应指出的是，在附图中示出的实施例不受限于所示出的大小。附图示出：
图1以各个装置的几何位置图示出传统的动力传动系，
图2以各个装置的逻辑位置图示出根据本发明的动力传动系，
图3以各个装置的几何位置图示出根据本发明的动力传动系，
图4示出用于表示第一制动装置B1的扭矩负荷的图表，
图5示出用于表示第二制动装置B2的扭矩负荷的图表，
图6示出用于表示第一离合器装置K1的扭矩负荷的图表，
图7示出用于表示第二离合器装置K2的扭矩负荷的图表，
图8示出用于表示第三制动装置B3的扭矩负荷的图表，
图9示出用于表示第三离合器装置K3的扭矩负荷的图表，
图10示出用于表示用于执行2至3的换挡的控制方法的图表，
图11示出用于表示用于利用电机执行起动的控制方法的图表。
具体实施方式
在图2中示出动力传动系的根据本发明的逻辑设计方案。
电机EM逻辑上在第三离合器装置K3的下游并且并联于第一制动装置B1和第一行星齿轮传动单元P1的太阳轮S布置。
逻辑位置相应于几何位置处的结构连接，这示例性地在图3中示出。
在这里，安装位置处于第三离合器装置K3与第一制动装置B1之间。但是在此，本发明不局限于电机EM的所述几何位置，而是电机EM也可以功能上等价地布置在第一制动装置B1与第二制动装置B2之间。电机紧邻制动器B1布置在结构上是有利的，因为转子由于其大的质量和作用的磁力需要好的支承，其承重支架也可以承载制动器B1的不转动的侧。在根据本发明的动力传动系中，各个装置可根据在图4至图9中各装置所示的相关性设计，其中优选地，还应该分别添加扭矩储备。
在图4至图9中，装置的相应负荷M_r通过扭矩根据内燃机的最大力矩M_ICE和电动机的最大力矩M_EM示出。
在此，各装置可以看出，在X轴处绘制的混合强度对于如下情况具有大的影响：哪个挡需要相应装置的最大扭矩，其中在Y轴处绘制如下扭矩值，所述扭矩值在相应挡中作用于相应装置并且因此是设计相关的。
换言之，在图4至图9中示出，根据所实现的挡，相应的、作用于装置的扭矩M_r如何与由内燃机和电机的单个扭矩组成的总扭矩相关。
图4示出对于挡3和5的情况，其中对于挡3，适用函数M_r＝|(0.18M_ICE+M_EM)|，并且对于挡5，适用函数M_r＝|(-0.41M_ICE+M_EM)|。
图5示出对于挡2和6的情况，其中对于挡2，适用函数M_r＝|(-0.84M_ICE+2.06M_EM)|，并且对于挡6，适用函数M_r＝|(0.38M_ICE+2.06M_EM)|。
图6示出对于挡3和4的情况，其中对于挡3，适用函数M_r＝|(M_ICE)|，并且对于挡4，适用函数M_r＝|(0.31M_ICE+1.69M_EM)|。
图7示出对于挡4和6的情况，其中对于挡4，使用函数M_r＝|(0.69M_ICE+1.69M_EM)|，并且对于挡6，适用函数M_r＝|(M_ICE)|。
图8示出对于挡1和Rev(倒挡)的情况，其中对于挡1，适用函数M_r＝|(-2.23M_ICE+5.46M_EM)|，并且对于挡Rev，适用函数M_r＝|(5.46M_ICE+5.46M_EM)|。
图9示出对于挡Rev的情况，其中适用函数M_r＝|(M_ICE)|。
由图4清楚可见，第一制动装置B1与传统的实施方式相比能够更紧凑地实施和/或能够设计用于更小的功率，因为所述第一制动装置在由电机提供的扭矩M_EM的40％的情况下关于内燃发动机的扭矩基本上是无负荷的。因此，第一制动装置B1例如可以通过可切换的超越离合器20，必要时配备有滚子、棘爪、锥形垫圈、束锥元件，或配备有具有高摩擦值的静摩擦元件，例如陶瓷垫、硬质纤维覆层、粘扣带，或配备有具有增强机械机构的摩擦元件，例如带式制动器、抱簧、助力斜面；或者也形状配合地构造，例如构造为爪式离合器，必要时与摩擦同步进行组合。在此，第一制动装置B1应以最大能够由内燃发动机提供的扭矩的30％至60％设计，尤其以所述最大扭矩的40％至50％设计。
同样的也适用于第三离合器装置K3，其在图9中清楚可见。
此外，从图4中得出，电机的扭矩容量有利地处于内燃发动机的扭矩容量的至少大约40％。
从图5中清楚可见，第二制动装置B2的扭矩容量以由内燃发动机提供的最大扭矩的有利地大约250％设计。
从图6中清楚可见，第一离合器装置K1以由内燃发动机提供的最大扭矩的有利地至少140％设计。
从图7中清楚可见，第二离合器装置K2的扭矩容量应该有利地处于由内燃发动机提供的最大扭矩的至少150％。在恒定的输出力矩的边界条件下的细节分析示出，对于第二离合器装置K2需要由内燃发动机提供的最大扭矩的甚至大约250％。
借助在图2和图3中示出的根据本发明的动力传动系能够实现以下换挡图。
挡 K1 K2 K3 B2 B1 B3 M_Out/M_ICE M_Out/M_EM M_ICE/M_EM
1 X X 3.23 -4.46
2 X X 1.84 -1.06
3 X X 1.41
CVT1 X 1.41 3.45 -2.45
4 X X 1.00 1.00
5 X X 0.82
CVT2 X 0.82 -4.45 5.45
6 X X 0.62 -1.06
Rev X X -4.46 -4.46
E1 X -4.46
E2 X 1.06
L X 1.00
在此，M_Out是动力传动系的输出力矩。
M_EM是由电机提供的扭矩。M_ICE是由内燃机提供的扭矩。
在此，一方面，基于电机EM的布置添加的有利的附加运行模式CVT1、CVT2、E1、E2和L是重要的，并且另一方面，从中得出的附加模式过渡是重要的。所述附加模式过渡能够实现，也在无摩擦配合的换挡元件的情况下确保舒适性，因为更少的摩擦能量在离合器装置K1、K2、K3中累积并且同时确保输出装置处的恒定的扭矩。
CVT1模式可以在挡1、2、3和4之间的所有换挡时用于改善舒适性和/或降低摩擦损耗和/或用于转速同步，在CVT1模式下，第一离合器装置K1闭合并且电机EM的转子旋转。
CVT1模式的另一使用选项在于，在车辆静止状态下在蓄电池没电但是内燃发动机运行的情况下允许“充电起动”。在此，内燃发动机使电机EM以负的转速转动，使得电机EM在发电机运行中可以对蓄电池充电。同时，由从内燃发动机至电机EM的功率流产生变速器输出力矩，所述变速器输出力矩可以用于起动车辆。
CVT2模式可在挡4、5和6之间的所有换挡时用于改善舒适性和/或降低摩擦损耗和/或用于必要时完全的转速同步。
此外，CVT2模式允许以超出第六挡的转速比的无级的或分级传动的行驶，并且因此构造变速器的类似附加的“挡7”的分开扩展。
E1模式允许在低速时向前或向后电行驶。
E2模式允许例如在高速时纯电的向前行驶或所谓的以数值上较低的拉力(较小的电传动)的滑行。
当经由E1模式实现倒挡时，由于所述新型的混合功能，能够在动力传动系的确定的实施方式中舍弃第三离合器装置K3。
在E1模式下行驶期间，在任何时刻可以启动内燃发动机，通过使用例如作为皮带传动机器的独立的启动马达，或者为了使配属于变速器的电机EM的扭矩提高在相应同时操控时通过接合第一离合器装置K1用于实现挡1，使得变速器的输出力矩提升舒适性地尽可能保持恒定。此外，尤其当不应该存在第三离合器装置K3时，也可以将E模式用于纯电的向后行驶。
在车辆静止状态中、必要时在制动操纵时、或在缓慢行驶时，充电模式L可以用于在其他情况下脱耦输出时，即车轮可滚动时，将蓄电池与内燃发动机耦联。
当在挡4中行驶时，所述模式也提供用于所谓的滑行。在充电或滑行时内燃发动机的转速是可自由选择的并且可以在怠速转速时或也在高的、即接近再次耦联的转速时处于挡4中，这随之带来在声学和行驶动力学方面的优点。
在图10中，示出控制方法，如何利用电机EM执行2至3的换挡，使得第一制动装置B1形状配合地但是尽管如此仍舒适地可操纵。控制方法也可应用于摩擦配合的制动装置B1中并且可以降低摩擦损耗。
在此清楚可见，在挡2运行时，在第二制动装置B2处存在确定的扭矩。为了换挡减小所述扭矩并且提高电机的扭矩M_EM，如同其相应于CVT1模式。在断开制动器B2之后，电机EM的首先负的转速n_EM朝向0通过相应操控(制动)电机减小。这意味着，由电机EM产生扭矩，使得可挂入挡3，即通过闭合或接合第一制动装置B1，所述第一制动装置可以以相应的方式形状配合地构造。结果，整个动力传动系的转速n_Fzg在该操控顺序期间舒适地升高。
错误！无法找到参考来源。控制方法示出，如何利用电机EM执行起动，其中操纵第三制动装置B3，以及如何在挡1之后(内燃机式)实现变换。
首先，例如通过操纵踏板将电机的扭矩M_EM在数值上提升到驾驶员意愿，以便起动车辆。
由此的结果是整个动力传动系的转速n_Fzg的升高。根据蓄电池的充电状态或根据速度或也根据驾驶员意愿可以开始使用内燃发动机。
可以在第一离合器装置K1处建立摩擦力矩，以便牵引内燃发动机。由此的结果是内燃发动机的转速n_ICE的升高，并且，当内燃发动机启动时，由内燃发动机提供的扭矩M_ICE同样升高。在内燃发动机的转速n_ICE与第三行星齿轮传动单元P3的太阳轮S的转速相等的情况下，可以完全接合离合器装置K1。根据蓄电池的充电状态并且必要时根据在加速车辆时驾驶员意愿并且因此根据动力传动系的转速n_Fzg在挡1中的增大，提升由内燃发动机提供的扭矩M_ICE并且减小由电机提供的扭矩M_EM。
替选于借助于离合器装置K1的牵引，存在如下可行性：通过皮带启动器或小齿轮启动器启动内燃发动机。由此，可以通过第一离合器装置K1在低的转速差情况下实现同步。
可在各面设想所描述的具有集成的电机EM的延展、改型或甚至简化。
可以形状配合地实施或甚至完全弃用第三离合器装置K3。在完全弃用第三离合器装置K3的情况下，运行模式“Rev”(倒挡)和“L”(充电模式)取消。通过运行模式“E1”接替运行模式“Rev”的弃用，在所述运行模式“E1”中，电机EM通过向后转动允许向后行驶。运行模式“L”的弃用例如通过相应地大地确定尺寸的蓄电池或通过汽车发电机或皮带启动器发电机的充电功能接替。
另一设计方案是，形状配合地实施第三制动装置B3。所述第三制动装置在E1模式下并且也在挡1中需要高的扭矩容量。因为仅在所述挡中需要所述第三制动装置，所以可形状配合地实现非常紧凑的构造形式。同样，可以使用组合的结构，所述结构使超越离合器20与形状配合的工作原理相结合，或所述结构使超越离合器20与摩擦配合的工作原理相结合。
因此，借助在此提出的发明，能够提供具有电的或混合的行驶功能的动力传动系，所述动力传动系基于在变速器之内电机EM的逻辑位置能够实现，根据相应的针对其提出的扭矩需求确定动力传动系的各个装置的尺寸进而减小所述装置的结构空间并且因此减小整个动力传动系的结构空间。
附图标记列表
P1 第一行星齿轮传动单元
P2 第二行星齿轮传动单元
P3 第三行星齿轮传动单元
S 太阳轮
T 承载轮
H 齿圈
K1 第一离合器装置
K2 第二离合器装置
K3 第三离合器装置
B1 第一制动装置
B2 第二制动装置
B3 第三制动装置
EM 电机
EMA (电机的)输出装置
M_r 装置的由于扭矩的负荷
M_ICE 内燃机的扭矩
M_EM 电机的扭矩
1 第一挡
2 第二挡
3 第三挡
4 第四挡
5 第五挡
6 第六挡
Rev 倒挡
10 支架
20 超越离合器
30 驱动轴
40 输出轴

Claims (10)

1.一种用于车辆尤其用于轿车的动力传动系，所述动力传动系具有驱动轴(30)、输出轴(40)以及第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)、第二行星齿轮传动单元(P2)和第三行星齿轮传动单元(P3)，所述第一行星齿轮传动单元、第二行星齿轮传动单元和第三行星齿轮传动单元分别具有太阳轮(S)、承载轮(T)和齿圈(H)，其中
-所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的承载轮(T)与所述第二行星齿轮传动单元(P2)的太阳轮(S)旋转固定地耦联或能耦联，
-所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的齿圈(H)与所述第二行星齿轮传动单元(P2)的承载轮(T)并且与所述第三行星齿轮传动单元(P3)的齿圈(H)旋转固定地耦联或能耦联，
-所述第二行星齿轮传动单元(P2)的齿圈(H)与所述第三行星齿轮传动单元(P3)的承载轮(T)旋转固定地耦联或能耦联，
并且所述动力传动系具有第一离合器装置(K1)和第二离合器装置(K2)，其中所述离合器装置(K1，K2)以其输入侧连接于所述驱动轴(30)，并且
-所述第一离合器装置(K1)的输出侧旋转固定地与所述第三行星齿轮传动单元(P3)的太阳轮(S)耦联或能耦联，
-所述第二离合器装置(K2)的输出侧旋转固定地与所述第二行星齿轮传动单元(P2)的承载轮(T)耦联或能耦联，
并且所述动力传动系具有第一制动装置(B1)、第二制动装置(B2)和第三制动装置(B3)，其中
-所述第一制动装置(B1)旋转固定地与所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的太阳轮(S)耦联或能耦联，
-所述第二制动装置(B2)旋转固定地与所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的承载轮(T)耦联或能耦联，
-所述第三制动装置(B3)旋转固定地与所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的齿圈(H)、与所述第二行星齿轮传动单元(P2)的承载轮(T)、与所述第三行星齿轮传动单元(P3)的齿圈(H)耦联或能耦联，
并且其中所述输出轴(40)旋转固定地与所述第三行星齿轮传动单元(P3)的承载轮(T)耦联或可耦联，
其特征在于，
所述动力传动系还具有电机(EM)，尤其电动机，所述电机的输出装置(EMA)与所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的太阳轮(S)并且与所述第一制动装置(B1)旋转固定地耦联或能耦联。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系具有第三离合器装置(K3)，所述第三离合器装置同样以其输入侧连接于所述驱动轴(30)，其中
-所述第三离合器装置(K3)的输出侧旋转固定地与所述第一行星齿轮传动单元(P1)的太阳轮(S)耦联或能耦联，
-所述第一制动装置(B1)旋转固定地与所述第三离合器装置(K3)的输出侧耦联或能耦联，并且
-所述电动机的输出装置与所述第三离合器装置(K3)的输出侧耦联或能耦联。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述第三离合器装置(K3)的功能基于形状配合。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述电机(EM)和所述第一制动装置(B1)在结构上直接彼此并排地布置。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系包括内燃发动机，所述内燃发动机具有内燃机-扭矩容量，并且所述电机(EM)的E-扭矩容量是所述内燃机-扭矩容量的至少40％。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系包括内燃发动机，所述内燃发动机具有内燃机-扭矩容量，并且所述第二离合器装置(K2)设计用于传输所述内燃机-扭矩容量的至少150％，尤其多于所述内燃机-扭矩容量的250％。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系包括内燃发动机，所述内燃发动机具有内燃机-扭矩容量，并且所述第一离合器装置(K1)设计用于传输所述内燃机-扭矩容量的至少140％。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系包括内燃发动机，所述内燃发动机具有内燃机-扭矩容量，并且所述第二制动装置(B2)设计用于接收所述内燃机-扭矩容量的至少250％。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，制动装置的功能基于以下作用原理中的一个或多个：
-可切换的超越离合器，
-增强机械机构，
-形状配合，
-锁止同步。
10.一种具有至少一个驱动轮的机动车，所述驱动轮能够借助根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的动力传动系驱动。
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