CN110066484B - Carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material is formed by uniformly compounding a carbon nanotube, graphite and polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16-20% of the mass of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is (1:1) - (1: 10). The method of the invention comprises the following steps: step (1), weighing carbon nano tube powder, graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder respectively; step (2), uniformly mixing and dispersing the powder; and (3) putting the uniformly mixed powder into a mould, and carrying out cold press molding. The ternary composite material of the invention introduces new functional body variables on the basis of the traditional binary composite material, so that the composite material has weak negative dielectric property, and the value of the negative dielectric constant is easier to regulate and control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of composite material technology, metamaterial, radio frequency electromagnetic material technology, wireless power transmission and the like, in particular to a carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dielectric constant is used as a basic parameter for representing the physical properties of the electromagnetic material, and when the dielectric constant is a negative value, the electromagnetic material has important development in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, absorption and the like. In addition, when a material having a negative dielectric constant is combined with a material having a negative magnetic permeability, the material has many novel electromagnetic properties, such as an inverse doppler effect, an inverse goos-hans displacement effect, a negative refraction effect, and the like, has a wide prospect in terms of microwave absorption and wireless power transmission, and has become a hot trend in recent years of research.
The negative dielectric material has two preparation methods: one is a material composed of an artificial periodic array, also called metamaterial, that achieves negative dielectric constant by resonance; the other is to realize and regulate the negative dielectric constant by changing the chemical composition and microstructure of the material, also called super composite material, which is generally compounded by a conductor and an insulator and belongs to the percolation composite material.
Theoretical analysis indicates that a negative dielectric constant is formed due to plasma oscillation of delocalized electrons. When the content of the conductive phase is low, the isolated conductive phases are randomly distributed in the matrix, and the dielectric constant of the composite material is a positive value and slowly increases along with the increase of the content of the conductive phase. When the content of the conductive phase further increases to a critical value (i.e., percolation threshold), most of the conductive phase particles are gradually connected together, but some particles are still dispersed in the matrix in an isolated state, and the dielectric constant of the composite material is changed from a positive value to a negative value, which is called percolation. The negative dielectric material prepared in the past is usually a binary composite material consisting of a conductor and an insulator, and the negative dielectric constant is realized by controlling the content of the conductor. The binary composite material has the defects of unstable dielectric property, overhigh negative dielectric absolute value and the like. At present, few reports about 'ternary' composite materials exist, and on the basis of the original 'binary' composite materials, another conductor is added according to a certain proportion, namely the so-called 'ternary' conductor 1-conductor 2-insulator composite material. Compared with a binary composite material, the ternary composite material has obvious advantages in realizing the negative dielectric constant, for example, the value of the negative dielectric constant is easier to regulate and control in a smaller range interval, namely, the regulation and control are more accurate. The ternary composite material with the negative dielectric property has important research value and wide application prospect in the application fields of communication, microwave absorption, wireless power transmission, metamaterial and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of unstable dielectric property, overhigh negative dielectric absolute value and the like of the conventional binary composite material and provide a ternary composite material with weak negative dielectric and easily regulated and controlled negative dielectric constant.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a carbon nano tube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property, which is formed by uniformly compounding carbon nano tubes, graphite and polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16-20% of the mass of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is (1:1) - (1: 10).
Preferably, in the ternary composite material, the mass sum of the carbon nanotubes and the graphite accounts for 16% of the mass of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is (1:1) - (1: 3).
Preferably, the carbon nanotube has a diameter of 12-30nm and a length of 0-6 μm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), respectively weighing carbon nanotube powder, graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder, so that the mass sum of the carbon nanotube powder and the graphite powder accounts for 16-20% of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube powder to the graphite powder is (1:1) - (1: 10);
step (2), pouring the weighed carbon nano tube powder, graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder into a grinding tank for disordered random mixing and grinding, then placing the powder into a mortar for artificial shearing and mixing until all agglomerated small particles of the powder are uniformly dispersed;
and (3) putting the uniformly mixed powder into a mould, and carrying out cold press molding to obtain the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the sum of the mass of the carbon nanotube powder and the graphite powder accounts for 16% of the mass of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube powder to the graphite powder is (1:1) - (1: 3).
Preferably, in the step (2), the powder is mechanically and centrifugally mixed in a grinding tank for 15-25 min at a rotation speed of 1000-2000 r.
Preferably, in the step (2), the carbon nanotube powder, the graphite powder and the polyvinylidene fluoride powder are poured into the grinding tank in the following sequence: firstly adding carbon nano tube powder and graphite powder, and then adding polyvinylidene fluoride powder.
Preferably, in the step (3), the uniformly mixed powder is screened by a screen with more than 200 meshes, and then is placed into a mold for cold press molding.
Preferably, the cold press forming conditions are as follows: the molding pressure is 20-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-20 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention has novel design thought, breaks through the preparation thought of the original binary composite material, introduces a new functional body with strong conductivity on the basis of the original binary composite material, and leads the dielectric constant to have more controllability in a small range by changing the proportion of the introduced new functional body, namely more accurate regulation.
(2) The invention fully considers the influence of the uniform mixing degree on the negative dielectric constant, so the mechanical grinding and the manual grinding are combined, the obtained powder is more uniform, and the conductive grid is easier to form.
(3) The preparation method is simple in preparation process and low in cost, can realize mass production of products, has good marketization prospect, and can prepare the material with negative dielectric property by changing the traditional two-solid-phase powder into three-solid-phase powder in a grinding, mixing and tabletting manner.
(4) By adjusting the content of the carbon nano tube and the graphite in the functional body, the negative dielectric constant which can be regulated and controlled can be obtained, so that the dielectric constant can be selected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of dielectric constant measurements of the composite materials prepared in comparative example 1, example 1 and example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the specific processes and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The conditions employed in the examples may be further adjusted depending on the specific conditions, and the conditions not specified are generally those in the routine experiments.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available. Wherein the carbon nanotube has a diameter of 12-30nm and a length of 6 μm.
In the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with the negative dielectric property, the carbon nanotube and the graphite are selected as functional bodies, namely as conductive phases, because the free electron concentrations of the carbon nanotube and the graphite are high, and the chemical stability of the carbon material is good. Insulating polyvinylidene fluoride is selected as a matrix. The polyvinylidene fluoride has good process, excellent corrosion resistance, flexibility and high-temperature color change resistance, can ensure that the ternary composite material is simple to manufacture and has excellent performance, and is beneficial to realizing multiple functions. The structure of the ternary composite material prepared by the invention is schematically shown in figure 1.
The Carbon Nano Tube (CNT), the graphite and the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are all nano-grade powder and are easy to agglomerate. Theory shows that the smaller the particle size of the powder, the lighter the powder, the more difficult it is to mix uniformly, so that it becomes a difficult problem to disperse uniformly. The invention adopts the processes of mechanical and manual grinding and cold press molding to prepare the carbon nano tube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material.
Example 1
A design method of a carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property comprises the following steps:
step (1), respectively weighing 0.32 g of functional body powder and 1.68 g of polyvinylidene fluoride powder by using an electronic balance to enable the mass fraction of the functional body in the composite material to be 16%; the functional body contains 0.16 g of carbon nano tube powder and 0.16 g of graphite powder, namely the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is 2: 2.
And (2) putting the powder weighed in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, mechanically centrifuging and mixing for 20min at the rotating speed of 1500r, then manually grinding and mixing at room temperature, and adding the carbon nano tubes, the graphite and the polyvinylidene fluoride in the feeding sequence. Considering that the three powders are all light, and the carbon nano tube and graphite account for a small proportion, if the carbon nano tube and the graphite are added finally, a part of the powder is bonded on a grinding cover during mechanical grinding, so that the result has a large error, the carbon nano tube and the graphite are added firstly, and polyvinylidene fluoride is added finally. All materials were added to the latter batch.
And then, putting the mixed powder into a mortar, and manually shearing and mixing until all agglomerated small particles of the powder are uniformly dispersed.
And (3) sieving the mixed powder by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain uniform functional body (carbon nano tube, graphite)/polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite powder.
And (4) uniformly stirring the sieved mixed powder, weighing 1g of powder, putting the powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding. Wherein the molding pressure is 25MPa, the dwell time is 15min, the molded product is a circular sheet with the diameter of 20mm after being demoulded, and the molded product is used for further dielectric property test after being polished by 1500-mesh sand paper.
As a result: the ternary composite material prepared in example 1 was subjected to the detection of negative dielectric constant, and the result is shown in fig. 2. When the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is 2:2, and the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16% of the mass of the composite material, the dielectric constant of the ternary composite material is a negative value in a frequency band of 100MHz-1GHz, and the value of the negative dielectric constant is below 100.
Example 2
A design method of a carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property comprises the following steps:
step (1), respectively weighing 0.32 g of functional body powder and 1.68 g of polyvinylidene fluoride powder by using an electronic balance to enable the mass fraction of the functional body in the composite material to be 16%; the functional body contains 0.08 g of carbon nano tube powder and 0.24 g of graphite powder, namely the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is 1: 3.
And (2) putting the powder weighed in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, mechanically centrifuging and mixing for 20min at the rotating speed of 1500r, then manually grinding and mixing at room temperature, and adding the carbon nano tubes, the graphite and the polyvinylidene fluoride in the feeding sequence.
And then, putting the mixed powder into a mortar, and manually shearing and mixing until all agglomerated small particles of the powder are uniformly dispersed.
And (3) sieving the mixed powder by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain uniform functional body (carbon nano tube, graphite)/polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite powder.
And (4) uniformly stirring the sieved mixed powder, weighing 1g of powder, putting the powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding. Wherein the molding pressure is 25MPa, the dwell time is 15min, the molded product is a circular sheet with the diameter of 20mm after being demoulded, and the molded product is used for further dielectric property test after being polished by 1500-mesh sand paper.
As a result: the ternary composite material prepared in example 2 was subjected to the detection of negative dielectric constant, and the result is shown in fig. 2. When the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is 1:3, and the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16% of the mass of the composite material, the dielectric constant of the ternary composite material is a negative value in a 1GHz frequency band, and the value of the negative dielectric constant is below 500.
Comparative example 1
A design method of a carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property comprises the following steps:
step (1), respectively weighing 0.32 g of functional body powder and 1.68 g of polyvinylidene fluoride powder by using an electronic balance to enable the mass fraction of the functional body in the composite material to be 16%; the functional body contains 0.24 g of carbon nano tube powder and 0.08 g of graphite powder, namely the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is 3: 1.
And (2) putting the powder weighed in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, mechanically centrifuging and mixing for 20min at the rotating speed of 1500r, then manually grinding and mixing at room temperature, and adding the carbon nano tubes, the graphite and the polyvinylidene fluoride in the feeding sequence. Considering that the three powders are all light, and the carbon nano tube and graphite account for a small proportion, if the carbon nano tube and the graphite are added finally, a part of the powder is bonded on a grinding cover during mechanical grinding, so that the result has a large error, the carbon nano tube and the graphite are added firstly, and polyvinylidene fluoride is added finally. All materials were added to the latter batch.
And then, putting the mixed powder into a mortar, and manually shearing and mixing until all agglomerated small particles of the powder are uniformly dispersed.
And (3) sieving the mixed powder by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain uniform functional body (carbon nano tube, graphite)/polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite powder.
And (4) uniformly stirring the sieved mixed powder, weighing 1g of powder, putting the powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding. Wherein the molding pressure is 25MPa, the dwell time is 15min, the molded product is a circular sheet with the diameter of 20mm after being demoulded, and the molded product is used for further dielectric property test after being polished by 1500-mesh sand paper. Because the cold-formed sample edges had some burrs. The polishing function is to smooth the surface of the sample and to make better contact with the instrument during the dielectric test.
As a result: the ternary composite material prepared in comparative example 1 was subjected to the detection of negative dielectric constant, and the result is shown in fig. 2. When the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is 3:1 and the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16% of the mass of the composite material, the dielectric constant of the ternary composite material is larger than 0.
The embodiment shows that the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material prepared by the invention has weak negative dielectric property, and the value of the negative dielectric constant is below 500. By adjusting the content of the carbon nano tube and the graphite in the functional body, the dielectric constant of the composite material is more controllable in a small range, namely more accurate in regulation. Compared with the traditional binary composite material, the ternary composite material disclosed by the invention can obviously reduce the numerical value of the dielectric constant, and can be applied to the fields of communication, wireless power transmission, microwave absorption and the like, and has important application. The invention can adjust the content of the carbon nano tube and the graphite and the content of the polyvinylidene fluoride of the matrix, namely the invention is not limited to the ternary composite material in which the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16-20% of the mass of the ternary composite material, the balance is the polyvinylidene fluoride, and the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is (1:1) - (1: 10).
In conclusion, the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with the negative dielectric property introduces new functional body variables on the basis of the traditional binary composite material, so that the value of the negative dielectric constant can be regulated and controlled in a smaller range, namely more accurately. The method is characterized in that Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and graphite with good conductivity are used as functional bodies, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as a matrix, and the proportion of two conductors in the functional bodies is determined, so that the accuracy of regulation and control of negative dielectric is realized. In the preparation process, in consideration of the influence of the mixing uniformity of the powder on the formation of the conductive grid and further on the negative dielectric constant, a secondary mixing method is adopted, mechanical centrifugal mixing is firstly carried out, then manual shearing mixing is carried out, and the obtained mixed components tend to be more uniform. The preparation process is simple, and the composite material with the negative dielectric constant, which is prepared by the design idea of the ternary composite material, has important practical value and wide market prospect in the application fields of metamaterials, microwave absorption, wireless power transmission and the like.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. Those skilled in the art can readily modify these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without undue experimentation. Therefore, without being limited to the embodiments, the present invention should be protected by the following modifications and changes by those skilled in the art in light of the disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. The carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with the negative dielectric property is characterized in that the ternary composite material is formed by uniformly compounding carbon nanotubes, graphite and polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass sum of the carbon nano tube and the graphite accounts for 16-20% of the mass of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is (1:1) - (1: 10).
2. The carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property of claim 1, wherein the sum of the mass of the carbon nanotube and the graphite in the ternary composite material accounts for 16% of the mass of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the graphite is (1:1) - (1: 3).
3. The carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the carbon nanotube is 12-30nm, and the length of the carbon nanotube is 0-6 μm.
4. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), respectively weighing carbon nanotube powder, graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder, so that the mass sum of the carbon nanotube powder and the graphite powder accounts for 16-20% of the ternary composite material, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube powder to the graphite powder is (1:1) - (1: 10);
step (2), pouring the weighed carbon nano tube powder, graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder into a grinding tank for disordered random mixing and grinding, then placing the powder into a mortar for artificial shearing and mixing until all agglomerated small particles of the powder are uniformly dispersed;
and (3) putting the uniformly mixed powder into a mould, and carrying out cold press molding to obtain the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material.
5. The preparation method of the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with the negative dielectric property as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the mass sum of the carbon nanotube powder and the graphite powder accounts for 16% of the ternary composite material by mass, and the balance is polyvinylidene fluoride; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube powder to the graphite powder is (1:1) - (1: 3).
6. The preparation method of the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the powder is mechanically centrifugally mixed in a grinding tank for 15-25 min at a rotation speed of 1000-2000 r.
7. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the carbon nanotube powder, the graphite powder and the polyvinylidene fluoride powder are poured into a grinding tank in the following sequence: firstly adding carbon nano tube powder and graphite powder, and then adding polyvinylidene fluoride powder.
8. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with the negative dielectric property as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the uniformly mixed powder is sieved by a screen with more than 200 meshes, and then is placed in a mold for cold press molding.
9. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube-graphite-polyvinylidene fluoride ternary composite material with negative dielectric property as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cold press molding conditions are as follows: the molding pressure is 20-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-20 min.
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