CN110048240B - High-impedance band suppression low-radar scattering sectional area transmission array antenna - Google Patents
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- CN110048240B CN110048240B CN201910328748.7A CN201910328748A CN110048240B CN 110048240 B CN110048240 B CN 110048240B CN 201910328748 A CN201910328748 A CN 201910328748A CN 110048240 B CN110048240 B CN 110048240B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-impedance band suppression degree low-radar scattering sectional area transmission array antenna, belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and radars, and particularly relates to the technologies of enhancing the out-of-band interference signal suppression capability and reducing the radar scattering sectional area (RCS) of the transmission array antenna and the like. The high-impedance band rejection low-RCS transmission array antenna provided by the invention adopts a horn antenna for feeding, a high-impedance band transmission unit, a high-frequency band rejection frequency selection surface and a dual-polarization band-pass resistive frequency selection surface are integrated, and independent control of transmission characteristics and RCS reduction characteristics is realized by adjusting corresponding parameters of units. The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. a high-resistance band suppression low-RCS transmission array antenna unit structure is provided; 2. the suppression capability of the antenna on the out-of-band interference signal is obviously improved; 3. the design that different structures of low frequency and high frequency are used as a dual-polarization band-pass resistive frequency selection surface floor realizes the reduction of RCS in an ultra wide band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and radar, and particularly relates to a technology for enhancing out-of-band interference signal inhibition capability and reducing radar scattering cross section (RCS) of a transmission array antenna.
Background
The stop-band rejection is an important measure of the interference signal rejection capability of the communication system. The higher the parameter is, the stronger the suppression capability of the system to the out-of-band interference signal is. In most wireless communication systems, the filter is usually directly connected to the input or output port of the antenna. The filter and the antenna are two key devices with larger sizes and are usually designed independently, but when the filter and the antenna are used in cascade, the impedance is often lost. Additional matching circuits are then required to match the impedance, which in turn complicates the system, increases the weight, size, and losses of the system. In addition, the design of the high-impedance band-rejection filter requires increasing the order of the filter, which significantly increases the complexity and volume of the device. Therefore, the antenna is added with a filtering function, effective suppression of out-of-band interference signals is realized on the basis of ensuring the radiation characteristic of the antenna, and the design difficulty of a filter and the whole radio frequency circuit can be obviously reduced.
Radar Cross Section (RCS) is the most critical concept in Radar stealth technology, and is a physical quantity that characterizes the intensity of scattered waves generated by a target in a certain direction under the irradiation of Radar waves. When the radar detects a target, the radar radiates electromagnetic wave energy to a certain direction in space through the antenna, and when an object in the direction is irradiated by the electromagnetic wave, a new electromagnetic field is generated around the object and the object according to Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic field boundary conditions, namely a scattering field of the target. The radar receives the electromagnetic wave scattered by the target, and sends the electromagnetic wave to the receiving equipment for processing, and extracts the related information, so that the functions of ranging, identifying, tracking and the like of the target can be realized. The spatial distribution of the scattered energy is referred to as the scatter pattern. For the irradiated object, the size, spatial structure, constituent materials, etc. of different objects will have different effects on the scattering pattern. In addition, electromagnetic wave characteristics such as the angle, frequency, and polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radar are also important factors affecting the scattering pattern.
The transmission array antenna consists of a plane transmission array and a feed source loudspeaker. The transmission front is a planar array consisting of a large number of microstrip patch elements printed on a dielectric substrate. The working mechanism is as follows: after the electromagnetic wave is fed out from the horn, the electromagnetic wave reaches each unit along different transmission paths, the difference of the lengths of the transmission paths can cause different spatial phase delays of incident fields received by each unit, and each unit can carry out proper phase compensation on the incident fields through reasonable design, so that the emergent fields form the required same-phase wave front on an antenna aperture surface. The conventional phased array is complicated and bulky mainly because its radiation resonance unit is separated from the phase shifter. The transmission array antenna has the greatest advantage that the radiation unit combines the radiation characteristic and the phase shift characteristic into a whole. In the design of the classical transmissive array antenna, a transmissive array antenna with spatial filtering characteristics using a multilayer frequency selective surface design has received a lot of attention. Under the guidance of the filter theory, the metal patches in specific shapes are utilized to perform equivalent of inductance and capacitance, and the transmission array unit with specific filtering effect is formed through reasonable cascading. However, although such a transmission cell can form a transmission pass band having a high band rejection degree, it exhibits a total reflection state to an incident electromagnetic wave outside the operating band, so that its radar scattering cross-sectional area (RCS) is equivalent to that of an equilarge metal floor. On the other hand, although the RCS reduction technology has attracted considerable attention in phased array antennas, there are few reports on the RCS reduction technology of a transmissive array antenna. Therefore, the transmission array antenna with high impedance band suppression degree and low radar scattering sectional area is provided, and the transmission array antenna has great significance for popularizing the application of the transmission array antenna in the communication and radar fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a transmission array antenna with high impedance band rejection and low RCS. On the basis of ensuring the radiation capability in the working frequency band, the high-resistance band suppression degree of the unit and the low RCS characteristic in the ultra-wide band range are realized by using the high-resistance band suppression degree transmission array unit, the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface and the band-stop frequency selection surface.
The technical scheme of the invention is a transmission array antenna with high impedance band rejection and low RCS, which comprises: the feed source horn is opposite to the transmission array antenna; the transmission array antenna comprises a plurality of independent control units, each independent control unit comprises from top to bottom: a dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selection layer, two or more high-frequency band-stop frequency selection layers, and three or more high-stop band suppression degree transmission layers;
the dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selective layer includes: the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface micro-strip circuit comprises two frequency selection surface circuits with opposite polarization directions, and the two frequency selection surface micro-strip circuits are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface dielectric substrate;
the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective layer comprises: the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch comprises a high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch and a high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface dielectric substrate, wherein the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch is arranged on the lower surface of the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface dielectric substrate, the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch comprises 4 small units, and each small unit comprises a large square metal patch and a small square metal patch which are concentric and coaxial;
the high band rejection degree transmission layer includes: the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch comprises a high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch and a high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit medium substrate, wherein the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch covers the upper surface of the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit medium substrate, 4 groups of hollowed-out parts are etched on the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch, and each group of hollowed-out parts are two concentric and coaxial squares with one large and one small.
Furthermore, the sizes of the metal patches of the high-impedance band suppression transmission array units of the independent control units in the transmission array antenna are different, and the sizes of the metal patches of the high-impedance band suppression transmission array units of the independent control units at different positions are determined according to the compensation phase required for realizing the conversion between the plane wave and the spherical wave.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selective surface microstrip circuit comprises two parallel linear circuits, the lower surface of the dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selective surface microstrip circuit comprises two parallel linear circuits, and the directions of the linear circuits on the upper surface and the lower surface are vertical; the center positions of the upper and lower surface linear circuits are parallel line capacitors and meander line inductors, and two sides of the parallel line capacitors and meander line inductors are respectively connected with a resistor with a resistance value of 150 ohms.
Furthermore, the side length of a large square metal patch of each small unit in the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface metal patch is 5-6 mm, and the side length of a small square is 2-3 mm; the side length of a large square of each group of hollow parts in the high-resistance-band suppression transmission array unit metal patch is 6-7 mm, and the side length of a small square is 3-4 mm;
furthermore, the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection layer is three layers, wherein the side length of a large square metal patch of each small unit in the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface metal patch is 6mm, and the side length of a small square is 3 mm; the high-resistance-band-suppression-degree transmission layer is four layers, wherein the side length of a large square of each group of hollow parts in the high-resistance-band-suppression-degree transmission array unit metal patch is 7 millimeters, and the side length of a small square is 4 millimeters.
The transmission array antenna unit with high resistance band suppression degree and low RCS can realize high-efficiency suppression of interference signals outside the band and effective reduction of RCS in an ultra-wide band range; the high-impedance band suppression characteristic of the proposed unit is realized by utilizing the high-impedance band suppression degree transmission unit to efficiently suppress interference signals in a range lower than the working frequency band of the transmission array antenna and jointly suppressing the interference signals in a high-frequency range by the high-impedance band suppression degree transmission unit and the high-frequency band rejection frequency selection surface; the loaded dual-polarized band-pass resistive frequency selection surface uses the high-resistance band suppression degree transmission unit as a floor at a low frequency and uses the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface as a floor at a high frequency, so that the common absorption of the low frequency and the high frequency outside a working frequency band is realized, and the low RCS characteristic of the transmission array antenna in an ultra-wide band is realized.
The high-impedance band rejection low-RCS transmission array antenna provided by the invention adopts a horn antenna for feeding, a high-impedance band transmission unit, a high-frequency band rejection frequency selection surface and a dual-polarization band-pass resistive frequency selection surface are integrated, and independent control of transmission characteristics and RCS reduction characteristics is realized by adjusting corresponding parameters of units.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. a high-resistance band suppression low-RCS transmission array antenna unit structure is provided; 2. the suppression capability of the antenna on the out-of-band interference signal is obviously improved; 3. the design that different structures of low frequency and high frequency are used as a dual-polarization band-pass resistive frequency selection surface floor realizes the reduction of RCS in an ultra wide band.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high resistance band suppression low RCS transmissive array cell of the present invention; in the figure, 101 is a high-resistance band suppression low-RCS transmission array antenna unit, 101-1 is a dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface microstrip circuit and the upper surface of a dielectric substrate thereof, 101-2 is a high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface metal patch and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate thereof, and 101-3 is a high-resistance band suppression transmission array unit metal patch and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate thereof.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive array antenna of the present invention receiving radar illumination; in the figure, 102-1 is a feed horn, 102-2 is a transmission array antenna, and 102-3 is a schematic diagram of an incident plane wave.
FIG. 3 is the result of the transmission amplitude of the high stop band suppression degree transmission array unit without any structure loading in the specific embodiment, and it can be seen that the adopted transmission array unit is in a band-pass form, and exhibits a reflection state for electromagnetic waves in the frequency range below and above the working center frequency point;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the transmission amplitude results of the proposed integrated high-resistance-band-suppression-degree low-RCS transmissive array unit in the embodiment, which shows that the proposed integrated high-resistance-band-suppression-degree low-RCS transmissive array unit has excellent suppression effect on electromagnetic interference outside the working frequency band;
FIG. 5 shows the reflection amplitude results of a transmissive array element with high band rejection and low RCS as proposed in the examples; in a working frequency band lower than the transmission array, the high-resistance-band suppression transmission array unit is used as a floor of a dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface; in the working frequency band higher than the transmission array, the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface is used as a floor of a dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface, so that the high-efficiency absorption of incident electromagnetic waves by low frequency and high frequency is realized, and the RCS is remarkably reduced.
Fig. 6 is a comparison result diagram of the radiation characteristics of the transmission array antenna before and after the loading dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface and the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface in the embodiment of the invention, and it can be seen that the radiation characteristics of the transmission array antenna are well maintained and the gain loss is within 0.5 dB. Compared with the traditional transmission array antenna, the result of the invention realizes the large reduction of RCS and the high-impedance band rejection degree, simultaneously keeps good radiation characteristic, and proves the feasibility and superiority of the method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a high-stopband rejection low-RCS transmission array unit in the embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a high-stopband rejection transmission array unit, a dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface and a high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface, and the radiation characteristics of high gain and high stopband rejection and the reduction of RCS are realized by reasonably arranging the transmission array unit;
t in this example 11Thickness of 0.25mm, t2And t3Is 0.5 mm; d1＝3mm，D2＝2mm，D3＝1mm，D 47 mm; the size of the whole unit is 18mm multiplied by 18 mm; 101-2 the width of the metal strip is 0.4mm, L1＝4L2(ii) a The width of the metal groove in 101-3 is 0.4mm, L3＝3L4。
Example 2 t1Thickness of 0.25mm, t2And t3Is 0.5 mm; d1＝3mm，D2＝2mm，D3＝1mm，D 47 mm; the size of the whole unit is 16mm multiplied by 16 mm; 101-2 the width of the metal strip is 0.3mm, L1＝3L2(ii) a The width of the metal groove in 101-3 is 0.3mm, L3＝2.5L4。
T in example 31Thickness of 0.5mm, t2And t3Is 0.5 mm; d1＝3mm，D2＝2mm，D3＝1mm，D 47 mm; the size of the whole unit is 14mm multiplied by 14 mm; 101-2 the width of the metal strip is 0.2mm, L1＝3L2(ii) a The width of the metal groove in 101-3 is 0.2mm, L3＝2L4。
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transmissive array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention receiving radar wave irradiation. The traditional band-pass transmission array antenna can generate a radar scattering cross section area equivalent to that of a large metal floor because the traditional band-pass transmission array antenna totally reflects electromagnetic waves outside a working frequency point. The side of the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selective surface on which radar waves are received is a dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selective surface, so that RCS can be effectively reduced.
Fig. 3 is a transmission amplitude result of the high-resistance-band-suppression transmission array unit in the embodiment of the present invention when no structure is loaded, and it can be seen that the adopted transmission array unit is in a band-pass form, and reflects electromagnetic waves in a frequency range lower than and higher than a working center frequency point, so that a radar scattering cross-sectional area equivalent to that of a metal floor with equal size is generated.
FIG. 4 shows the transmission amplitude results of the high stop band suppression and low RCS integrated transmissive array unit of examples 1-3 of the present invention; the interference signals are mainly suppressed by the high-impedance band suppression transmission array unit at low frequency; the high band-stop suppression degree transmitting array unit coacts with the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface at high frequency, thereby producing a high band-stop suppression degree.
FIGS. 5(a) - (c) are graphs showing the results of the reflection amplitudes of the high stop band suppression and low RCS integrated transmissive array unit of examples 1-3 of this invention; in the frequency band range lower than the working frequency of the transmission array, the transmission array unit with high resistance band suppression degree is used as a floor of a dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface, and the two units jointly act to absorb incident electromagnetic waves at low frequency; in the frequency band range higher than the working frequency of the transmission array, the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface is used as a floor of a dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface, and the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface and the floor act together to absorb incident electromagnetic waves at high frequency; it can be seen that the structure of the present invention produces highly efficient ultra-wideband absorption of incident electromagnetic waves outside the operating band of the transmissive array antenna.
Fig. 6 is a comparison result graph of the radiation characteristics of the transmission array antenna before and after loading the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface and the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface in embodiment 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen that the radiation characteristics of the transmission array antenna are well maintained, and the gain loss is within 0.5 dB. Compared with the traditional band-pass transmission array antenna, the result of the invention realizes the great reduction of RCS, simultaneously keeps good radiation characteristic, further improves the stop band suppression degree, and proves the feasibility and superiority of the method provided by the invention.
The foregoing is a description of the invention and embodiments thereof provided to persons skilled in the art of the invention and is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. An engineer may specifically operate according to the idea of the claims and may make various changes in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A high impedance band suppressed low RCS transmissive array antenna comprising: the feed source horn is opposite to the transmission array antenna; the transmission array antenna comprises a plurality of independent control units, each independent control unit comprises from top to bottom: a dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selection layer, two or more high-frequency band-stop frequency selection layers, and three or more high-stop band suppression degree transmission layers;
the dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selective layer includes: the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface micro-strip circuit comprises two frequency selection surface circuits with opposite polarization directions, and the two frequency selection surface micro-strip circuits are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dual-polarization band-pass absorption type frequency selection surface dielectric substrate;
the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective layer comprises: the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch comprises a high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch and a high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface dielectric substrate, wherein the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch is arranged on the lower surface of the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface dielectric substrate, the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch comprises 4 small units, and each small unit comprises a large square metal patch and a small square metal patch which are concentric and coaxial;
the high band rejection degree transmission layer includes: the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit comprises a high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch and a high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit medium substrate, wherein the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch covers the upper surface of the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit medium substrate, 4 groups of hollowed-out parts are etched on the high-resistance band suppression type transmission array unit metal patch, and each group of hollowed-out parts is a large square, a small square and two concentric and coaxial squares;
the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch is characterized in that the side length of a large square metal patch of each small unit in the high-frequency band-stop frequency selective surface metal patch is 5-6 mm, and the side length of a small square is 2-3 mm; the side length of a large square of each group of hollow parts in the high-resistance-band suppression transmission array unit metal patch is 6-7 mm, and the side length of a small square is 3-4 mm;
the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection layer comprises three layers, wherein the side length of a large square metal patch of each small unit in the high-frequency band-stop frequency selection surface metal patch is 6mm, and the side length of a small square is 3 mm; the high-resistance-band-suppression-degree transmission layer is four layers, wherein the side length of a large square of each group of hollow parts in the high-resistance-band-suppression-degree transmission array unit metal patch is 7 millimeters, and the side length of a small square is 4 millimeters.
2. The transmissive array antenna with high stopband suppression and low RCS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sizes of the metal patches of the transmissive array unit with high stopband suppression of each independent control unit in said transmissive array antenna are different, and the sizes of the metal patches of the transmissive array unit with high stopband suppression of the independent control units at different positions are determined according to the compensation phase required for realizing the conversion of plane wave and spherical wave.
3. The high-impedance band-suppression low-RCS transmission array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of said dual-polarized band-pass absorption type frequency selective surface microstrip circuit comprises two parallel linear circuits, the lower surface comprises two parallel linear circuits, and the linear circuits on the upper and lower surfaces are perpendicular; the center positions of the upper and lower surface linear circuits are parallel line capacitors and meander line inductors, and two sides of the parallel line capacitors and meander line inductors are respectively connected with a resistor with a resistance value of 150 ohms.
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| CN110739548B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-08-31 | 南京理工大学 | High-gain low-profile transmissive array antenna |
| CN112003012B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-12-02 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Gain-enhanced low-radar scattering cross section air-feed array antenna |
| CN112234359B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-06-24 | 南京理工大学 | Reflection/absorption surface for terminating filter circuit to control electrical characteristics and design method |
| CN112234360B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-05-13 | 南京理工大学 | Dual-polarized transmission surface for controlling electrical characteristics by terminating filter circuit and design method thereof |
| CN112713406B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-04-29 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Planar integrated millimeter wave filtering horn antenna based on FSS |
| CN113937465B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-03-21 | 华南理工大学 | Dual-polarized electromagnetic transparent antenna and method for realizing dual-frequency scattering suppression |
| CN115621742B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Low radar scattering cross section reflective array antenna based on three-dimensional frequency selection structure |
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| CN107994353B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2023-12-29 | 中国计量大学 | Broadband metamaterial terahertz wave absorber |
| CN108270085B (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2023-12-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Suction-through integrated frequency selective surface structure |
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