CN118959540A - Compound stepless transmission device of 100 horsepower hydraulic machinery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a 100 horsepower hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission device, which comprises a hydraulic mechanical reverse gear section/operation section and a hydraulic mechanical driving section, adopts hydraulic and mechanical power compounding, a hydraulic path only transmits partial power, and most of the power is transmitted through the mechanical path, so that high transmission efficiency and stepless speed change are realized, the whole-course stepless speed regulation can be realized, compared with a manual gearbox of a tractor, the operation efficiency can be greatly improved, an engine can normally work in an economic rotation speed section, the structure is simple, the cost can be greatly reduced, the fuel economy is improved, and the oil consumption and the noise level of the tractor are reduced.

Description

Compound stepless transmission device of 100 horsepower hydraulic machinery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission, in particular to a 100 horsepower hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission device.

Background

Because of the operation requirement, the speed and engine load change range of the tractor is large, and the gear shifting positions are required to be frequently cut, so that the requirements of different operation speeds and traction force can be met; when the tractor works, a large load is required to be pulled, and power interruption is easy to cause in the gear shifting process of the manual gearbox, so that the working efficiency is influenced.

The hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission technology can realize efficient stepless transmission through the combination of mechanical power and hydraulic power, so that an engine works in an economic interval, the fuel economy is improved, the hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission technology has a function of power segment change, and the hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission technology becomes one of the development directions of a tractor transmission system, and agricultural mechanical manufacturers at home and abroad actively develop researches on the transmission system.

At present, the hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission technology is mainly used for tractors with more than 200 horsepower due to higher cost, and the internal mechanical system is complex due to higher cost of a hydraulic pump motor. Therefore, the cost is an important barrier for popularization of the CVT technology on the tractor, and development of the CVT transmission device with low cost has important significance for popularization and application.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a 100 horsepower hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission device, which has only 2 hydraulic mechanical compound sections, and the 2 hydraulic mechanical compound sections are switched through a clutch, so that the use requirements of low-speed operation and highway transportation are met, the structural complexity can be effectively reduced, the operation is simple, the transmission efficiency is high, the power of required hydraulic elements is smaller, and the control cost is facilitated.

The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:

a 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound step-less transmission, comprising:

The hydraulic speed regulation loop is a closed hydraulic loop consisting of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor; the hydraulic pump is driven by an engine;

The branch and confluence planetary mechanism consists of a single planetary row and is used for realizing the split or confluence of hydraulic power and mechanical power; the planetary row comprises a sun gear, a planet carrier, a planet gear and a gear ring; the sun gear is connected with the hydraulic motor; mechanical path power is input from the planet carrier, and hydraulic path power is input from the sun gear; the gear ring is a power output end and is coaxially connected with the intermediate shaft;

the fixed shaft gear transmission mechanism consists of a first gear, a second gear, a third gear and a fourth gear; the first gear is meshed with the second gear and the third gear; the third gear is meshed with the fourth gear; the second gear is fixedly connected with the planet carrier;

The high-low gear mechanism consists of a fifth gear, a sixth gear, a seventh gear and an eighth gear; the fifth gear and the seventh gear are mounted on the intermediate shaft; the fifth gear is meshed with the sixth gear to form a first section of transmission gear pair, and the seventh gear is meshed with the eighth gear to form a second section of transmission gear pair;

the segment changing mechanism is composed of a first clutch and a second clutch and is used for realizing the switching between segments; the first clutch is a first section clutch; the second clutch is a second section clutch; the driving part of the first clutch is provided with the coaxial sixth gear; the driving part of the second clutch is provided with the eighth gear; the passive parts of the first clutch and the second clutch are connected with a ninth gear; the ninth gear is meshed with a tenth gear arranged on the first output shaft;

an auxiliary system connected with the fourth gear for maintaining the pressure of a closed hydraulic circuit, providing displacement control for the hydraulic pump, and providing control oil pressure and lubricating oil to the first clutch and the second clutch;

Power of an engine is input to the planet carrier through the first gear and the second gear, and a part of power is input to the auxiliary system through the first gear, the third gear and the fourth gear; the stepless transmission device is provided with a first section and a second section which are both hydraulic mechanical power composite sections; when the first clutch is engaged and the second clutch is disengaged, the continuously variable transmission operates in a first stage for reverse and low speed operation; when the first clutch is disengaged and the second clutch is engaged, the continuously variable transmission operates in the second section for high speed driving conditions.

Still further, the engine comprises an input shaft connected with the engine;

the input shaft is coaxially connected with the first gear and the driving part of the PTO clutch;

the driven part of the PTO clutch is connected with the PTO shaft connecting spline housing;

the first output shaft is connected with the output shaft through a spline housing.

Still further, the hydraulic pump is coaxial with the input shaft.

Still further, the hydraulic pump is coaxial with the third gear.

Still further, a coupling is also included that is coupled between the engine and the input shaft.

Still further, the auxiliary system is composed of a dual gear pump connected to the fourth gear.

Further, the first clutch and the second clutch are wet clutches.

Further, the hydraulic pump is a bidirectional variable pump;

The hydraulic motor is a fixed-weight motor.

Still further, the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor are disposed at a front end of the transmission and mounted inside a flywheel housing of the engine.

Still further, a first rotational speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the fourth gear, a second rotational speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the sixth gear, and a third rotational speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the first clutch are included.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The stepless transmission device comprises a hydraulic mechanical reverse gear section/operation section and a hydraulic mechanical driving section, adopts the combination of hydraulic and mechanical power, only transmits partial power by a hydraulic path, and transmits most of power by a mechanical path, thereby realizing high transmission efficiency and stepless speed change, realizing whole-course stepless speed regulation, greatly improving the operation efficiency compared with a manual gearbox of a tractor, enabling an engine to normally work in an economic rotation speed section, having simple structure, greatly reducing the cost, improving the fuel economy and reducing the oil consumption and the noise level of the tractor.

2. The two-stage working mode is adopted, the reversing and low-speed operation are realized in the first stage, a reverse clutch and a corresponding gear are omitted, the mechanical structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced; the second section is a hydraulic mechanical composite section and is used for road transportation working conditions; compared with the traditional manual gearbox, the whole-course automatic stepless speed regulation greatly reduces the labor intensity of gear shifting operation.

4. Because of the existence of the hydraulic speed regulation loop, the power shift can be realized, the clutch of the next section is firstly engaged, then the clutch of the previous section is released, the uninterrupted output of power is ensured, the zero speed difference switching of the clutch between the sections can be realized, the service life of the clutch friction plate is prolonged, and the operation efficiency is improved; the intersegmental shift actuates only 1 clutch, simplifying the design of the shift logic and actuation system.

5. The pump motor is arranged in the flywheel shell, and the split converging planetary mechanism, the fixed shaft gear transmission mechanism, the high-low gear mechanism and the segment shifting mechanism form a two-shaft arrangement form, so that the device is very suitable for the arrangement of a tractor gearbox.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tractor power system employing a 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound transmission of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tractor power system employing another 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound step-less transmission of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound continuously variable transmission of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of a 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound continuously variable transmission of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of pump motor timing characteristics;

FIG. 6 is a graph of pump motor operating pressure differential characteristics of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph of output torque characteristics of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph of the output traction characteristics of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph of transmission efficiency characteristics of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a graph of planetary member rotational speed characteristics according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a chart of clutch speed differential characteristics of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a graph showing the power characteristics of the hydraulic component of the present invention.

The device comprises a 1-engine, a 2-coupler, a 3-transmission, a 4-duplex gear pump, a 5-rear axle, 6-wheels, a 51-PTO shaft, a 52-output shaft, a 53-front output transfer gear, a 54-front output meshing sleeve, a 55-front output shaft, a 56-input pinion, a 57-rear axle differential assembly, a 58-brake assembly, a 59-2-gear PTO assembly, a 201-input shaft, a 202-hydraulic pump, a 203-hydraulic motor, a 204-first gear, a 205-sun gear, a 206-planet carrier, a 207-planet gear, a 208-ring gear, a 209-fifth gear, a 210-intermediate shaft, a 211-seventh gear, a 212-sixth gear, a 213-second gear, a 214-first clutch C0, a 215-second clutch C1, a 216-third gear, a 217-fourth gear, a 218-ninth gear, a 219-tenth gear, a 220-first output shaft, a 221-clutch, a 222-second output shaft, a 223-first speed sensor, a 224-second speed sensor, a 208-fifth gear, a 210-intermediate gear, a 210-seventh gear, a 211-seventh gear, a speed sensor, a speed reduction gear, a 510-speed sensor, a fourth speed sensor, a speed reducer, and an eighth speed sensor.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The 100 horsepower hydraulic mechanical compound stepless transmission device of the embodiment of the invention is suitable for a tractor, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power system structure of the tractor provided with the stepless transmission device of the embodiment of the invention, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power system structure of the tractor provided with the stepless transmission device of the embodiment of the invention, and the tractor comprises an engine 1, a coupling 2, a speed changer 3, a duplex gear pump 4, a rear axle 5 and wheels 6; the power generated by the engine 1 is input to the transmission 3 and the tandem gear pump 4 through the coupling 2. The transmission 3 adopts the stepless transmission device of the embodiment of the invention, and is provided with two output shafts, namely a first output shaft 220 and a second output shaft 222, wherein the first output shaft 220 is connected with an input pinion 56 of the rear axle 5 through an output shaft connecting spline housing 52, and the second output shaft 222 is connected with a 2-gear PTO assembly 59 of the rear axle 5 through a PTO shaft connecting spline housing 51; the 2-speed PTO assembly 59 is provided with a PTO output shaft 511; the input pinion 56 meshes with the helical gear of the rear axle differential assembly 57; two sides of the rear axle differential mechanism assembly 57 are connected with a wheel-side planetary speed reducer assembly 510 through a brake assembly 58, and wheels 6 are coaxially arranged on the outer side of the wheel-side planetary speed reducer assembly 510; a front output transfer gear 53 is mounted between the input pinion 56 and the front output shaft 55, transmitting power from the rotational shaft of the input pinion 56 to the front output shaft 55; a front output sleeve 54 is mounted on one end of the front output shaft 55.

The transmission of fig. 2 employs another continuously variable transmission scheme, which differs from that of fig. 1 in that: the input of the hydraulic pump 202 is not coaxial with the output of the engine, but the input power of the engine is transmitted to the hydraulic pump 202 through a pair of gears, which has the advantage that the rotation speed of the hydraulic pump 202 can be increased, thereby improving the power utilization of the hydraulic pump 202.

As shown in the structures of fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound stepless transmission device, which comprises a hydraulic speed regulation loop, a split confluence planetary mechanism, a fixed shaft gear transmission mechanism, a high-low gear mechanism, a segment shifting mechanism, an auxiliary system, an input shaft 201 and an output shaft; wherein:

As shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic governor circuit is a closed hydraulic circuit composed of a hydraulic pump 202 and a hydraulic motor 203; the hydraulic pump 202 is driven by the engine; the hydraulic pump 202 is constituted by an engine; as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the hydraulic pump 202 is coaxial with the input shaft 201; as shown in fig. 2, the hydraulic pump 202 is not coaxial with the input shaft 201, but is coaxial with the third gear 216; the hydraulic pump 202 is a bidirectional variable displacement pump; the hydraulic motor 203 is a fixed-weight motor; the hydraulic pump 202 and the hydraulic motor 203 are arranged at the front end of the gearbox and mounted inside the flywheel housing of the engine; the pump motor is arranged in the flywheel shell, and the split converging planetary mechanism, the fixed shaft gear transmission mechanism, the high-low gear mechanism and the segment shifting mechanism form a two-shaft arrangement form, so that the two-shaft arrangement form is suitable for the arrangement of a tractor gearbox;

the branch and confluence planetary mechanism consists of a single planetary row and is used for realizing the split or confluence of hydraulic power and mechanical power; the planet row includes a sun gear 205, a planet carrier 206, planet gears 207, and a ring gear 208; the sun gear 205 is connected with the hydraulic motor 203; mechanical road power is input from the carrier 206 and hydraulic road power is input from the sun gear 205; the gear ring 208 is a power output end, and the gear ring 208 is coaxially connected with the intermediate shaft 210;

The fixed-axis gear transmission mechanism consists of a first gear 204, a second gear 213, a third gear 216 and a fourth gear 217; the first gear 204 is meshed with the second gear 213 and the third gear 216 simultaneously; the third gear 216 meshes with a fourth gear 217; the second gear 213 is fixedly connected with the planet carrier 206, and the planet carrier 206 is driven to rotate by the second gear 213; the fourth gear 217 is connected with a duplex gear pump constituting an auxiliary system;

The high-low gear mechanism consists of a fifth gear 209, a sixth gear 212, a seventh gear 211 and an eighth gear 227; the fifth gear 209 and the seventh gear 211 are mounted on the intermediate shaft 210; the fifth gear 209 and the sixth gear 212 are meshed to form a first-stage transmission gear pair, and the seventh gear 211 and the eighth gear 227 are meshed to form a second-stage transmission gear pair;

The segment changing mechanism consists of a first clutch C0214 and a second clutch C1215 and is used for realizing the switching between segments; the first clutch C0214 is a first section clutch; the second clutch C1215 is a second-stage clutch; the driving part of the first clutch C0214 is fitted with a sixth gear 212 which is coaxial; the driving portion of the second clutch C1215 is fitted with an eighth gear 227; the passive portions of the first clutch C0214 and the second clutch C1215 are connected to the ninth gear 218; the ninth gear 218 meshes with a tenth gear 219 mounted to a first output shaft 220; the first clutch C0214 and the second clutch C1215 may each be a wet clutch;

The auxiliary system consists of a duplex gear pump connected with a fourth gear 217; the auxiliary system is used for maintaining the pressure of the closed hydraulic circuit, providing displacement control for the hydraulic pump 202, and providing control oil pressure and lubricating oil to the first clutch C0214 and the second clutch C1215;

the power of the engine is input to the planet carrier 206 through the first gear 204 and the second gear 213, and a part of the power is input to the auxiliary system through the first gear 204, the third gear 216 and the fourth gear 217; the stepless transmission device is provided with a first section and a second section which are both hydraulic mechanical power composite sections; when the first clutch C0214 is engaged and the second clutch C1215 is disengaged, the continuously variable transmission operates in the first stage for reverse and low speed operation; when the first clutch C0214 is disengaged and the second clutch C1215 is engaged, the continuously variable transmission operates in the second regime for high-speed driving conditions.

The above-mentioned continuously variable transmission further includes an input shaft 201 connected to the engine, a coupling connected between the engine and the input shaft 201, a first rotation speed sensor 223 for measuring the rotation speed of the fourth gear 217, a second rotation speed sensor 224 for measuring the rotation speed of the sixth gear 212, a third rotation speed sensor 225 for measuring the rotation speed of the first clutch, and a fourth rotation speed sensor 226 for measuring the rotation speed of the PTO clutch 221; the rotation speed of the stepless transmission device can be measured through each rotation speed sensor and used as an important input signal for automatic control;

The input shaft 201 is coaxially connected with the first gear 204 and the active part of the PTO clutch 221; the output shafts include a first output shaft 220 and a second output shaft 222; the first output shaft 220 is connected with an output shaft connecting spline housing; the second output shaft 222 is disposed at the passive part of the PTO clutch 221 and is connected with the PTO shaft connecting spline housing.

Fig. 4 is a detailed construction diagram of a transmission part of the present invention, the stepless transmission of the present invention is matched with a 100 horsepower engine, the displacement of each of the hydraulic pump 202 and the hydraulic motor 203 is 55ml/rev, and the related performance calculation is shown in fig. 5 to 12.

The first section and the second section of the stepless transmission device are both hydraulic mechanical sections. The first section is used for reverse gear and low-speed operation; the second section is used for a high-speed driving working condition, and can ensure the operation requirements of the tractor under different vehicle speed working conditions. Because the hydraulic power and mechanical power stepless compound technology is adopted, the engine can work in the optimal economic interval, and the fuel economy is improved. The invention is applied to a 100 horsepower tractor, and can meet the operation and running requirements of the vehicle only by two hydraulic mechanical sections.

The working principle of the 2 working sections in the stepless transmission device is as follows:

The first section is a hydraulic mechanical power composite section, a first clutch C0214 is engaged, a second clutch C1215 is separated, an input shaft 201 and a hydraulic pump 202 are coaxial, input power of an engine is directly transmitted to the hydraulic pump 202 through the input shaft 201, and the other part is transmitted to a planet carrier 206 of a split-confluence planetary mechanism through a first gear 204 and a second gear 213; the power of the hydraulic pump 202 is transmitted to the sun gear 205 after passing through the hydraulic motor 203; the two portions of power are output through the ring gear 208 after being combined by the planetary rows. The output power of the ring gear 208 is transmitted to the ninth gear 218 via the fifth gear 209 and the sixth gear 212, and further transmitted to the first output shaft 220 via the tenth gear 219 via the first clutch C0. The first section can realize reverse gear and zero speed starting by adjusting the speed of the motor, so that the sliding and rubbing process of starting the clutch is reduced, and the reliability of parts is improved; meanwhile, the output rotating speed of the hydraulic section can be accurately controlled, and the speed control of the ultra-low speed operation working condition, such as ditching and the like, is facilitated.

The second section is a hydraulic mechanical power composite section, the first clutch C1 is engaged, the second clutch C0 is separated, the input shaft 201 and the hydraulic pump 202 are coaxial, the input power of the engine is directly transmitted to the hydraulic pump 202 through the input shaft 201, and the other part is transmitted to the planet carrier 206 of the split-confluence planetary mechanism through the first gear 204 and the second gear 213; the power of the hydraulic pump 202 is transmitted to the sun gear 205 through the hydraulic motor 203. The two portions of power are output through the ring gear 208 after being combined by the planetary rows. The output power of the ring gear 208 is transmitted to the ninth gear 218 via the seventh gear 211, the second gear 213, and the second clutch C1, and is transmitted to the first output shaft 220 via the tenth gear 219. The second section can realize high-speed driving by adjusting the speed of the motor, and is used for road transportation.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A 100 horsepower hydromechanical compound transmission comprising:

   The hydraulic speed regulation loop is a closed hydraulic loop consisting of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor; the hydraulic pump is driven by an engine;

   The branch and confluence planetary mechanism consists of a single planetary row and is used for realizing the split or confluence of hydraulic power and mechanical power; the planetary row comprises a sun gear, a planet carrier, a planet gear and a gear ring; the sun gear is connected with the hydraulic motor; mechanical path power is input from the planet carrier, and hydraulic path power is input from the sun gear; the gear ring is a power output end and is coaxially connected with the intermediate shaft;

   the fixed shaft gear transmission mechanism consists of a first gear, a second gear, a third gear and a fourth gear; the first gear is meshed with the second gear and the third gear; the third gear is meshed with the fourth gear; the second gear is fixedly connected with the planet carrier;

   The high-low gear mechanism consists of a fifth gear, a sixth gear, a seventh gear and an eighth gear; the fifth gear and the seventh gear are mounted on the intermediate shaft; the fifth gear is meshed with the sixth gear to form a first section of transmission gear pair, and the seventh gear is meshed with the eighth gear to form a second section of transmission gear pair;

   the segment changing mechanism is composed of a first clutch and a second clutch and is used for realizing the switching between segments; the first clutch is a first section clutch; the second clutch is a second section clutch; the driving part of the first clutch is provided with the coaxial sixth gear; the driving part of the second clutch is provided with the eighth gear; the passive parts of the first clutch and the second clutch are connected with a ninth gear; the ninth gear is meshed with a tenth gear arranged on the first output shaft;

   an auxiliary system connected with the fourth gear for maintaining the pressure of a closed hydraulic circuit, providing displacement control for the hydraulic pump, and providing control oil pressure and lubricating oil to the first clutch and the second clutch;

   Power of an engine is input to the planet carrier through the first gear and the second gear, and a part of power is input to the auxiliary system through the first gear, the third gear and the fourth gear; the stepless transmission device is provided with a first section and a second section which are both hydraulic mechanical power composite sections; when the first clutch is engaged and the second clutch is disengaged, the continuously variable transmission operates in a first stage for reverse and low speed operation; when the first clutch is disengaged and the second clutch is engaged, the continuously variable transmission operates in the second section for high speed driving conditions.
2. 2. The transmission of claim 1, further comprising an input shaft coupled to the engine;

   the input shaft is coaxially connected with the first gear and the driving part of the PTO clutch;

   the driven part of the PTO clutch is connected with the PTO shaft connecting spline housing;

   the first output shaft is connected with the output shaft through a spline housing.
3. 3. The transmission of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic pump is coaxial with the input shaft.
4. 4. The transmission of claim 2, wherein the hydraulic pump is coaxial with the third gear.
5. 5. The transmission of claim 2, further comprising a coupling connected between the engine and the input shaft.
6. 6. The transmission of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary system is comprised of a dual gear pump coupled to the fourth gear.
7. 7. The transmission of claim 1, wherein the first clutch and the second clutch are wet clutches.
8. 8. The transmission of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic pump is a bi-directional variable displacement pump;

   The hydraulic motor is a fixed-weight motor.
9. 9. A transmission as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor are arranged at the front end of the gearbox and mounted inside the flywheel housing of the engine.
10. 10. The transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a first rotational speed sensor for measuring a rotational speed of the fourth gear, a second rotational speed sensor for measuring a rotational speed of the sixth gear, and a third rotational speed sensor for measuring a rotational speed of the first clutch.