CN118901727A - 一种卫生杀虫组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种卫生杀虫组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118901727A CN118901727A CN202410941503.2A CN202410941503A CN118901727A CN 118901727 A CN118901727 A CN 118901727A CN 202410941503 A CN202410941503 A CN 202410941503A CN 118901727 A CN118901727 A CN 118901727A
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Abstract
本申请涉及卫生杀虫技术领域,具体涉及一种卫生杀虫组合物及其应用。本申请所述卫生杀虫组合物,包含活性成分A和活性成分B,活性成分A为Es‑生物烯丙菊酯,活性成分B选自环氧虫啶、哌虫啶中的一种。所述组合物中活性成分A和活性成分B的质量比为1:20~2:1,活性成分A和B的总重量占组合物的百分含量为1%~40%。本申请所述卫生杀虫组合物对敏感和抗性的蚊蝇都有优良的防治效果,特别有利于治理菊酯类抗性蚊蝇;而且具有显著的协同增效作用,能减少杀虫剂用量,延缓抗性。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及卫生杀虫技术领域,具体涉及一种卫生杀虫组合物及其应用。更具体地,涉及一种Es-生物烯丙菊酯与环氧虫啶、哌虫啶的卫生杀虫组合物及其应用。
背景技术
常见的卫生害虫,如蚊,蝇,蟑螂,臭虫,虱子,跳蚤,蜱,螨,蠓,蚋等,不少为病媒生物,能传播疾病。如蚊能传播疟疾、登革热、流行性乙型脑炎、淋巴丝虫病等,而蝇类能通过体内外机械性携带的痢疾、伤寒、霍乱、肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、炭疽等病原体传播多种疾病。
当病媒疾病爆发时,最重要是快速击倒并杀死病媒生物,切断传播链。目前主要使用击倒剂+致死剂复配卫生杀虫剂,采用喷雾、超低容量喷雾和/或热雾机喷雾,快速击倒并致死蚊蝇等病媒昆虫。击倒剂一般选用击倒效果好的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,如四氟苯菊酯、Es-生物烯丙菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯、氯氟醚菊酯、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯、四氟醚菊酯、胺菊酯等,而致死剂一般选致死效果好的杀虫剂,以氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂为主,也会选用残杀威等氨基甲酸酯类。
目前卫生杀虫药剂为两类:拟除虫菊酯类击倒剂+拟除虫菊酯类致死剂,拟除虫菊酯类击倒剂+残杀威致死剂,虽然产品不少,但药剂种类很单一,缺乏轮换药剂。且由于拟除虫菊酯类药剂的长期大量使用,蚊虫已对其产生不同程度的抗性,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂防治效果越来越差,迫切需要有别于现有作用机制的杀虫剂用于拟除虫菊酯类抗性治理,进行药剂轮换。
环氧虫啶是华东理工大学自主创制的一类顺硝烯氧桥杂环新烟碱类杀虫剂,为烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的拮抗剂。哌虫啶为上海华东理工大学和江苏克胜集团股份有限公司联合开发的新型高效、低毒、广谱的新烟碱杀虫剂。
现有技术中并未公开击倒剂Es-生物烯丙菊酯与致死剂环氧虫啶或哌虫啶复配的报道。申请人通过大量试验发现,两者复配对卫生害虫,特别是蚊蝇具有优良的防治效果,特别有利于治理菊酯类抗性蚊蝇;而且具有显著的协同增效作用,能减少杀虫剂用量延缓抗性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种含拟除虫菊酯类击倒剂与环氧虫啶、哌虫啶的卫生杀虫组合物及其应用,对卫生害虫,特别是蚊蝇具有优良的防治效果,特别有利于治理菊酯类抗性蚊蝇;而且具有显著的协同增效作用,能减少杀虫剂用量延缓抗性。
本申请提供一种卫生杀虫组合物,包括活性成分A和活性成分B,活性成分A为Es-生物烯丙菊酯,活性成分B选自环氧虫啶、哌虫啶中的一种。
活性成分A和活性成分B的复配获得了意料不到的协同增效作用。
所述卫生杀虫组合物中,所述活性成分A和活性成B的重量比为1:20~2:1;优选地,二者的重量比为1:20~1:1;更优选地,二者的重量比为1:15~1:1、1:10~1:1;最优选地,二者的重量比为1:5~1:1。
所述卫生杀虫组合物中,所述Es-生物烯丙菊酯和环氧虫啶的重量比为1:5~1:2;或所述Es-生物烯丙菊酯和哌虫啶的重量比为1:2~1:1。
所述卫生杀虫组合物中,所述组合物中活性成分A和活性成分B的含量之和为所述组合物总重量的1%~40%,优选2%~30%、2%~25%、3%~20%、3%~15%、4%~10%、5%~10%。
本申请所述卫生杀虫组合物,组合物可制备成卫生杀虫剂允许的剂型。如与农药辅助成分制备成卫生杀虫剂允许的剂型。所述剂型为悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油、微乳剂、可溶液剂、水乳剂、水分散粒剂、悬乳剂;优选地,所述剂型为微囊悬浮剂、可分散油悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油、微乳剂、水乳剂、超低容量液剂。
所述农药制剂辅助成分包括载体和助剂。
进一步地,所述载体为水、溶剂或填料中的任一种、二种或三种。
进一步地,所述溶剂包括但不限于C6-C30异构烷烃或脱芳烃溶剂油、月桂酸甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、磷酸三丁酯等低毒无味单酯、双酯或三酯类溶剂、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、反-2-己烯醇、柴油、二酸二异丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、植物油、机油及二甲基亚砜等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述填料包括但不限于高岭土、白炭黑、陶土、膨润土、凹凸棒土、硅藻土及轻钙等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述助剂可分为润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、酸碱调节剂、粘结剂等,根据不同的要求,有选择性地加入上述助剂。
进一步地,所述润湿剂包括但不限于脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基硫酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烷基琥珀酸酯磺酸盐及烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物磺酸盐等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述分散剂包括但不限于聚醚磷酸酯及其盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、聚羧酸盐、嵌段聚醚、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯三乙醇胺盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、木质素磺酸盐、拉开粉、NNO、MF及IS dispersing等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述乳化剂包括但不限于聚醚磷酸酯或盐、T-60、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、环氧乙烷环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基苯磺酸钙及嵌段聚醚等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述崩解剂包括但不限于硫酸铵、硫酸钠、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉、氯化铵、膨润土、尿素及碳酸氢钠等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述防冻剂包括但不限于乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、氯化钠、尿素、溶纤剂、山梨醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及氯化钙等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述防腐剂包括但不限于苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、脱氢醋酸钠、双乙酸钠、卡松、尼泊金酯或其钠盐、溴硝醇、戊二醇以水杨酸钠等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述消泡剂包括但不限于有机硅类化合物、低级醇、硅油、磷酸酯类及脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯类等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述增稠剂包括但不限于黄原胶、气相SiO2、膨润土、硬脂酸铝、龙胶粉、聚乙烯醇、改性纤维素、硅酸镁铝、阿拉伯胶、树胶、明胶、瓜胶、海藻酸、琼脂及妥尔油中等中的一种或者多种。
进一步地,所述酸碱调节剂包括但不限于柠檬酸、草酸、氯化铵、酒石酸及琥珀酸等中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述粘结剂包括但不限于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、糊精、海藻酸钠、褐藻酸钠、木质磺酸钙等中的一种或者多种。
本申请还提供所述卫生杀虫组合物的应用,用于防治卫生害虫。所述卫生害虫为蚊、蝇、蟑螂、臭虫,虱子,跳蚤,蜱,螨,蠓,蚋、虻、白蛉、蜚蠊;所述卫生害虫优选为蚊、蝇。
进一步地,所述卫生蚊虫包括但不限于淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊、白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊、骚扰库蚊、尖音库蚊、凶小库蚊、三带喙库蚊、冈比亚按蚊、阿拉伯按蚊、全黑按蚊、微小按蚊、大劣按蚊、斯氏按蚊、中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊。
进一步地,所述卫生蝇包括但不限于家蝇、厩腐蝇、丝光绿蝇、亮绿蝇、大头余绳、棕尾别麻绳、铜绿蝇、夏厕蝇、元厕蝇。
本申请所述卫生杀虫组合物采用空间喷洒的方式防治卫生害虫;将卫生杀虫组合物用水/煤油稀释合适倍数,在病媒昆虫(蚊蝇)活动高峰期,采用超低容量喷雾或者热烟雾机喷雾,快速击倒并致死病媒昆虫,第一时间切断疾病的传播及扩散。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)环氧虫啶为烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的拮抗剂,哌虫啶为烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的激动剂,有别于拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类,其作为致死剂与拟除虫菊酯类击倒剂复配,表现出杀虫击倒和致死的高效性,对卫生害虫,尤其是蚊蝇具有优良的方式效果,特别有利于治理菊酯类抗性蚊蝇。
(2)本申请的卫生杀虫组合物,表现出了意料不到的协同增效作用,降低了杀虫剂的使用剂量,延缓了卫生害虫的抗性,减少了环境负荷。
(3)本发明卫生杀虫组合物低毒、高效、环保,适合用于卫生领域防治有害生物,可作为轮换药剂,治理拟除虫菊酯类抗性蚊蝇,为快速控制病媒疾病(如登革热等),增添了一类新的复配组合物,延缓害虫的抗药性,有利于害虫抗性治理。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到,本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
应用实施例1:淡色库蚊室内敏感品系生物活性测定试验
参照《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂第1部分:触杀活性试验点滴法》N Y/T1154.1-2006。
供试对象:淡色库蚊,室内敏感品系,羽化后第3-5d未吸血的雌蚊。
试验药剂:分别称Es-生物烯丙菊酯、环氧虫啶及哌虫啶原药,加入适量丙酮溶解,稀释成一系列浓度。
试验处理:试验采用点滴法,点滴处理后恢复标准饲养,每组20头雌蚊,重复3次,24h后统计死亡数。
表1淡色库蚊点滴法生物活性测定结果
注:ng/♀代表每雌蚊点滴多少ng药剂。
采用孙云沛法计算混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)。
药剂A在混剂中的百分含量=药剂A含量/(药剂A含量+药剂B含量)×100%。
混剂实际毒力指数(ATI)=A药剂的LC50/混剂的LC50×100。
混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)=ATI(A)×药剂A在混剂中的百分含量+ATI(B)×药剂B在混剂中的百分含量。
共毒系数(CTC)=混剂的实际毒力指数ATI/混剂理论毒力指数TTI×100。
共毒系数≥120表明是增效作用;共毒系数≤80表明是拮抗作用;共毒系数在80-120表明是相加作用。
表2Es-生物烯丙菊酯与环氧虫啶共毒系数测定结果
注:ng/♀代表每雌蚊点滴多少ng药剂。
根据表2结果,Es-生物烯丙菊酯与环氧虫啶按重量比为1:20~2:1,共毒系数大于150,具有明显增效作用。特别是,当Es-生物烯丙菊酯与环氧虫啶的比例为1:5~1:2时,增效作用更为明显,均在220以上。
表3Es-生物烯丙菊酯与哌虫啶共毒系数测定结果
注:ng/♀代表每雌蚊点滴多少ng药剂。
根据表3结果,Es-生物烯丙菊酯与哌虫啶按重量比为1:20~2:1,共毒系数大于135,具有明显增效作用。特别是,当Es-生物烯丙菊酯与哌虫啶的比例为1:2~1:1时,增效作用更为明显,均在190以上。
制剂实施例1:10%环氧虫啶.Es-生物烯丙菊酯乳油(2:1)
将环氧虫啶原药6.67g,Es-生物烯丙菊酯原药3.33g,烷基苯磺酸钙2.0g、苄基二甲基酚聚氧乙基醚4.0g,苯基酚聚氧乙基醚磷酸酯3.0g,二甲基甲酰胺8.0,十二烷基苯补足至100.0g,制得乳油制剂实施例1。
制剂实施例2:10%环氧虫啶.Es-生物烯丙菊酯悬浮剂(5:1)
将将环氧虫啶原药8.33g,Es-生物烯丙菊酯原药1.67g,用白炭黑3.0g吸附,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.0g,聚羧酸盐2.0g,嵌段聚醚乳化剂2.0g,黄原胶0.3g,乙二醇5.0g,水补足至100.0g,混合研磨制得悬浮剂制剂实施例2。
制剂实施例3:10%哌虫啶.Es-生物烯丙菊酯可湿性粉剂(1:1)
将哌虫啶原药5g,Es-生物烯丙菊酯原药5g,白炭黑3.0g,十二烷基硫酸钠3.0g,木质素磺酸钠7.0g,柠檬酸0.3g,高岭土补至100.0g制得可湿性粉剂制剂实施例3。
制剂实施例4:10%哌虫啶.Es-生物烯丙菊酯微乳剂(2:1)
将哌虫啶原药6.67g,Es-生物烯丙菊酯原药3.33g,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚2.0g,蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚17.0g,二甲基甲酰胺补足至100.0g,制得微乳剂制剂实施例4。
比较实施例1:10%环氧虫啶悬浮剂
将环氧虫啶原药10.0g用白炭黑3.0g吸附,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.0g,聚羧酸盐2.0g,嵌段聚醚乳化剂2.0g,黄原胶0.3g,乙二醇5.0g,水补足至100.0g,混合研磨制得悬浮剂比较实施例1。
比较实施例2:10%哌虫啶悬浮剂
将哌虫啶原药10.0g用白炭黑3.0g吸附,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.0g,聚羧酸盐2.0g,嵌段聚醚乳化剂2.0g,黄原胶0.3g,乙二醇5.0g,水补足至100.0g,混合研磨制得悬浮剂比较实施例2。
比较实施例3:10%氯菊酯乳油
将氯菊酯原药10g,十二烷基苯磺酸钙4g,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6g,150#溶剂油补至100g,制得乳油制剂比较实施例3。
比较实施例4:10%氯菊酯.Es-生物烯丙菊酯乳油(2:1)
将氯菊酯原药6.67g,Es-生物烯丙菊酯原药3.33g,十二烷基苯磺酸钙4g,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6g,150#溶剂油补至100g,制得乳油制剂比较实施例4。
应用实施例2:蚊蝇室内药效试验
试验方法:参照GB/T13919.1-2009农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价,喷雾法。
供试对象:淡色库蚊,室内敏感品系;家蝇,室内敏感品系。
试验处理:蚊蝇测试制剂用量30mg/m3,50倍兑水稀释,圆筒喷雾,每组30头,重复3次,20min内统计击倒数,所用试虫恢复标准饲养,24h后统计死亡数。
表4实施例制剂蚊蝇室内药效试验结果
根据表4结果,致死剂环氧虫啶、哌虫啶及氯菊酯对蚊蝇的击倒活性非常差,跟击倒剂复配后,复配制剂对蚊蝇的击倒活性得到非常显著地提升,且相对致死单剂,死亡率也均得到提升。
应用实施例3:白纹伊蚊室外品系生物活性测定试验
参照《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂第1部分:触杀活性试验点滴法》NY/T1154.1-2006。
供试对象:白纹伊蚊,敏感品系及室外品系,羽化后第3-5d未吸血的雌蚊。
供试药剂:Es-生物烯丙菊酯,氯菊酯,环氧虫啶及哌虫啶原药,加入适量丙酮溶解,稀释成一系列浓度。
试验处理:试验采用点滴法,点滴处理后恢复标准饲养,每组20头雌蚊,重复3次,24h后统计死亡数。
表5白纹伊蚊点滴法生物活性测试结果
根据表5结果,可知,室外采集的白纹伊蚊,对氯菊酯产生了抗性,抗性倍数为7.25倍,而环氧虫啶、哌虫啶对氯菊酯抗性品系及敏感品系的活性无明显差异,故环氧虫啶及哌虫啶与氯菊酯无交互抗性,能治理氯菊酯抗性蚊虫。
应用实施例4:白纹伊蚊药效试验
试验方法:参照GB/T13919.1-2009农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价,喷雾法。
试验对象:采集的室外白纹伊蚊品系,经应用实施例3生物活性测定,对氯菊酯抗性倍数7.25倍,羽化后第3-5d未吸血的雌蚊。
试验处理:测试制剂用量30mg/m3,50倍兑水稀释,圆筒喷雾,每组30头,重复3次,20min内统计击倒数,所用试虫恢复标准饲养,24h后统计死亡数。
表6实施例制剂白纹伊蚊室外品系药效试验结果
根据表6的结果,可知,环氧虫啶/哌虫啶与Es-生物烯丙菊酯的复配制剂,能治理氯菊酯抗性蚊虫,击倒速度及24h死亡率显著好于氯菊酯.Es-生物烯丙菊酯复配制剂。
本发明的卫生组合物能作为氯菊酯复配制剂的轮换药剂,治理菊酯类抗性病媒昆虫,为快速控制病媒疾病(如登革热等),提供了一类全新的药剂,且具有协同增效作用,降低了杀虫剂的使用剂量,延缓了卫生害虫的抗性,减少了环境负荷。
本发明的一种含Es-生物烯丙菊酯和环氧虫啶/哌虫啶的卫生杀虫组合物及应用已经通过具体的实例进行了描述,本领域技术人员可借鉴本发明内容,适当改变原料、工艺条件等环节来实现相应的其它目的,其相关改变都没有脱离本发明的内容,所有类似的替换和改动对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个具体实施方式”、“一些实施方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施方式或示例以及不同实施方式或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
本申请的保护范围不限于上述的实施例,显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变形而不脱离本发明的范围和精神。倘若这些改动和变形属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围,则本申请的意图也包含这些改动和变形在内。
Claims (9)
1.一种卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,包含活性成分A和活性成分B,活性成分A为Es-生物烯丙菊酯,活性成分B选自环氧虫啶、哌虫啶中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述活性成分A和活性成B的重量比为1:20~2:1;优选地,二者的重量比为1:20~1:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述活性成分A和活性成B的重量比为1:10~1:1;优选地,二者的重量比为1:5~1:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述Es-生物烯丙菊酯和环氧虫啶的重量比为1:5~1:2;或所述Es-生物烯丙菊酯和哌虫啶的重量比为1:2~1:1。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物中活性成分A和活性成分B的含量之和为所述组合物总重量的1%~40%,优选3%~15%。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物制备成卫生杀虫剂允许的剂型。
7.根据权利要求6所述的卫生杀虫组合物,其特征在于,所述剂型为悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油、微乳剂、可溶液剂、水乳剂、水分散粒剂、悬乳剂;优选地,所述剂型为微囊悬浮剂、可分散油悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油、微乳剂、水乳剂、超低容量液剂。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一所述的卫生杀虫组合物的应用,其特征在于,用于防治卫生害虫。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于,所述卫生害虫为蚊、蝇、蟑螂、臭虫,虱子,跳蚤,蜱,螨,蠓,蚋、虻、白蛉、蜚蠊;所述卫生害虫优选为蚊、蝇。
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