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CN118854494B - Preparation method of viscose-based carbon fiber material - Google Patents

Preparation method of viscose-based carbon fiber material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118854494B
CN118854494B CN202411348881.6A CN202411348881A CN118854494B CN 118854494 B CN118854494 B CN 118854494B CN 202411348881 A CN202411348881 A CN 202411348881A CN 118854494 B CN118854494 B CN 118854494B
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viscose
parts
carbon fiber
phenolic resin
fiber material
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CN118854494A (en
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黄猛
柳睿
肖孝天
张子阳
赵宗辉
文高展
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Anhui Hongchang New Materials Co ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/16Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of carbon fiber materials, in particular to a preparation method of a viscose carbon fiber material, which comprises the following steps of impregnating a viscose white felt in an organic impregnating solution and an inorganic impregnating solution, drying and pre-oxidizing to obtain a viscose pre-oxidized felt; and (3) immersing the viscose-based pre-oxidized felt in a modified phenolic resin solution, curing, carbonizing and graphitizing to obtain the viscose-based carbon fiber material. Compared with the prior art, the viscose carbon fiber material has the beneficial effects that the viscose carbon fiber material prepared by the invention has higher strength, lower heat conductivity coefficient, excellent mechanical property and heat preservation performance.

Description

Preparation method of viscose-based carbon fiber material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of carbon fiber materials, in particular to a preparation method of a viscose-based carbon fiber material.
Background
The organic precursor for producing the carbon fiber mainly comprises viscose fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, asphalt fiber and the like, and the carbon fiber prepared by different precursors has different characteristics, wherein the viscose fiber is the earliest raw material applied to preparing the carbon fiber with the advantages of low price and abundant resources.
The viscose carbon fiber is a fibrous carbon material, is an excellent carbon reinforcing material for military and civil use, is prepared by braiding viscose precursor wires and graphitizing, has the advantages of low density, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, fatigue resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, better flexibility, capability of realizing heat preservation and heat insulation in a wrapping mode, and has larger market potential in the aspects of metallurgy, photovoltaic equipment and the like, but the viscose carbon fiber heat insulation material has the defects of lower strength, higher heat conductivity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a viscose carbon fiber material comprises the following steps:
Dipping the viscose base white felt in organic dipping liquid and inorganic dipping liquid, drying and pre-oxidizing to obtain viscose base pre-oxidized felt;
dipping the viscose-based pre-oxidized felt in a modified phenolic resin solution, curing, carbonizing and graphitizing to obtain a viscose-based carbon fiber material;
the preparation method of the organic impregnating solution comprises the following steps:
dispersing 1-methylindole-3-formic acid in thionyl chloride, heating for reaction, removing redundant thionyl chloride, adding ethanolamine and toluene, and heating for reaction to obtain ethanolamine derivatives;
Dispersing ethanolamine derivative and glycol in ethanol to obtain organic impregnating solution;
the preparation method of the inorganic impregnating solution comprises the following steps:
Dispersing ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate in water to obtain inorganic impregnating solution.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified phenolic resin solution comprises the following steps:
dispersing phenol and N- (3-aminopropyl) -N-ethylaniline in ethanol, uniformly stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and polymerizing a formaldehyde aqueous solution to obtain modified phenolic resin;
and dispersing the modified phenolic resin in ethanol to obtain a modified phenolic resin solution.
Preferably, the organic impregnating solution consists of 1-5 parts by mass of ethanolamine derivative, 5-15 parts by mass of ethylene glycol and 100 parts by mass of ethanol.
Preferably, the inorganic impregnating solution consists of 2-4 parts by mass of ammonium sulfate, 2-4 parts by mass of ammonium chloride, 4-6 parts by mass of ammonium bicarbonate and 100 parts by mass of water.
Preferably, in the modified phenolic resin polymerization reaction, the mass ratio of the phenol, the N- (3-aminopropyl) -N-ethylaniline, the sodium hydroxide and the formaldehyde is 100 (4-8): 0.5-1.5): 40-60.
Preferably, the modified phenolic resin solution consists of 40-60 parts by mass of modified phenolic resin and 100 parts by mass of ethanol.
Preferably, the dipping time in the organic dipping liquid is 25-35min, and the dipping time in the inorganic dipping liquid is 45-55min.
Preferably, the pre-oxidation conditions are that the pre-oxidation is performed at 140-150 ℃ for 5-15min,160-170 ℃ for 10-20min,200-220 ℃ for 10-20min,230-250 ℃ for 10-20min and 260-280 ℃ for 20-40min in sequence.
Preferably, the dipping time in the modified phenolic resin solution is 15-25min, and the curing condition is that the modified phenolic resin solution is cured for 25-35min at 150-160 ℃.
Preferably, the carbonization graphitization conditions are that the treatment is carried out at 295-305 ℃ for 10-20min,495-505 ℃ for 5-15min,1200-1400 ℃ for 35-45min,1600-1800 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h and 2000-2200 ℃ for 1-2h in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the viscose carbon fiber material prepared by the invention has higher strength, lower heat conductivity coefficient, excellent mechanical property and heat preservation property.
2. The viscose-based white felt is prepared by double impregnation and pre-oxidation of an organic impregnating solution and an inorganic impregnating solution, wherein the organic impregnating solution consists of ethanolamine derivatives, glycol components and ethanol, and the organic impregnating solution and the inorganic impregnating solution promote reactions such as intermolecular crosslinking and oxidation of macromolecular chains of viscose fibers, prevent the generation of L-glucose and improve the performance of the pre-oxidized felt.
3. The viscose-based pre-oxidized felt is impregnated in a modified phenolic resin solution, solidified, carbonized and graphitized to obtain a viscose-based carbon fiber material, and the N- (3-aminopropyl) -N-ethyl modified phenolic resin is impregnated and solidified, so that the pre-oxidized felt and the resin are better combined, and graphite carbon formed during the carbonization and graphitization can be well filled in gaps inside the material, and the mechanical property and the heat preservation property of the carbon fiber material are improved.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise indicated, the starting materials and reagents used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by known methods.
Preparation example 1
17.5G of 1-methylindole-3-formic acid is dispersed in 200g of thionyl chloride, reacted for 3 hours at 80 ℃, distilled to remove thionyl chloride, then 6.2g of ethanolamine and 100g of toluene are added for reaction for 2 hours at 100 ℃, toluene is distilled to remove, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution is added for stirring for 1 hour, extraction is carried out by ethyl acetate, concentration and drying are carried out, and ethanolamine derivatives are obtained.
Preparation example 2
100 Parts of phenol and 6 parts of N- (3-aminopropyl) -N-ethylaniline are dispersed in 150 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, the mixture is stirred uniformly, 3mol/L sodium hydroxide solution (containing 1 part of sodium hydroxide) is added, formaldehyde aqueous solution (containing 50 parts of formaldehyde) with the mass concentration of 20% is added, and the mixture is reacted for 5 hours at 75 ℃ to obtain the modified phenolic resin.
Preparation example 3
100 Parts of phenol is dispersed in 150 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirred, 3mol/L sodium hydroxide solution (containing 1 part of sodium hydroxide) is added, and formaldehyde aqueous solution (containing 50 parts of formaldehyde) with the mass concentration of 20% is added for reaction for 5 hours at 75 ℃ to obtain the phenolic resin.
Example 1
A preparation method of a viscose carbon fiber material comprises the following steps:
Dipping a viscose base Bai Zhan (gram weight is 500g/m 2) in an organic dipping liquid for 30min, dipping in an inorganic dipping liquid for 50min, drying, and sequentially pre-oxidizing at 145 ℃ for 10min,165 ℃ for 15min,210 ℃ for 15min,240 ℃ for 15min and 270 ℃ for 30min to obtain a viscose base pre-oxidized felt;
Immersing the viscose-based pre-oxidized felt in a modified phenolic resin solution for 20min, curing for 30min at 155 ℃, and carbonizing and graphitizing under the conditions of 300 ℃ for 15min,500 ℃ for 10min,1300 ℃ for 40min,1700 ℃ for 1h and 2100 ℃ for 1.5h in sequence to obtain the viscose-based carbon fiber material.
Wherein, the organic impregnating solution consists of 3 parts of ethanolamine derivative (obtained in preparation example 1), 10 parts of ethylene glycol and 100 parts of ethanol according to parts by weight;
The inorganic impregnating solution consists of 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium chloride, 5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 100 parts of water according to parts by mass;
The modified phenolic resin solution consists of 50 parts of modified phenolic resin (obtained in preparation example 2) and 100 parts of ethanol in parts by weight.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
The organic impregnating solution consists of 1 part of ethanolamine derivative (obtained in preparation example 1), 10 parts of ethylene glycol and 100 parts of ethanol according to parts by weight;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the organic impregnating solution consists of 5 parts of ethanolamine derivative (obtained in preparation example 1), 10 parts of ethylene glycol and 100 parts of ethanol according to parts by weight;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Example 4
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
The modified phenolic resin solution consists of 40 parts of modified phenolic resin (obtained in preparation example 2) and 100 parts of ethanol in parts by weight;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Example 5
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the modified phenolic resin solution consists of 60 parts of modified phenolic resin (obtained in preparation example 2) and 100 parts of ethanol in parts by weight;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
the viscose Bai Zhan (gram weight 500g/m 2) was immersed in an inorganic impregnation solution for 50min,
That is, the impregnation is performed without using an organic impregnating solution;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
dipping the viscose-based pre-oxidized felt in a phenolic resin solution for 20min;
The phenolic resin solution consists of 50 parts of phenolic resin (obtained in preparation example 3) and 100 parts of ethanol in parts by weight;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:
The viscose base Bai Zhan (gram weight 500g/m 2) was immersed in the inorganic impregnating solution for 50min, that is, without using the organic impregnating solution;
dipping the viscose-based pre-oxidized felt in a phenolic resin solution for 20min;
The phenolic resin solution consists of 50 parts of phenolic resin (obtained in preparation example 3) and 100 parts of ethanol in parts by weight;
the remainder was identical to example 1.
Results and detection
Compression strength, namely, carrying out compression test by using an INSTRON-5567A universal material tester, wherein the length of a sample is 50mm, the width of the sample is 50mm, the thickness of the sample is 10mm, the compression speed is 2mm/min, and the test is stopped when the compression amount is 5%.
And the thermal conductivity is tested by adopting a DRS-III high-temperature thermal conductivity tester, wherein the thermal conductivity of the sample is tested by sintering the sample to 1100 ℃ under the high-temperature environment, and the length, width and thickness of the sample are 25mm, 25mm and 10mm.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From Table 1, examples 1-5 show that the viscose-based carbon fiber material prepared by the invention has higher strength, lower heat conductivity coefficient, excellent mechanical property and heat insulation property.
As is clear from the comparison of examples 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the impregnation of the organic impregnating solution and the impregnation of the modified phenolic resin solution have very important roles in the performance of the viscose-based carbon fiber material, and the performance of the viscose-based carbon fiber material is obviously reduced no matter the impregnation of the organic impregnating solution is absent or the impregnation of the modified phenolic resin solution is absent, but when the organic impregnating solution and the modified phenolic resin solution are used at the same time, the performance of the viscose-based carbon fiber material is obviously improved, and the synergistic enhancement effect is achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种黏胶基碳纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:1. A method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material, comprising the following steps: 将黏胶基白毡在有机浸渍液、无机浸渍液中浸渍,干燥,预氧化,得到黏胶基预氧毡;The viscose-based white felt is impregnated in an organic impregnation liquid and an inorganic impregnation liquid, dried, and pre-oxidized to obtain a viscose-based pre-oxidized felt; 将黏胶基预氧毡在改性酚醛树脂溶液中浸渍,固化,碳化石墨化,得到黏胶基碳纤维材料;The viscose-based pre-oxidized felt is impregnated in a modified phenolic resin solution, cured, carbonized and graphitized to obtain a viscose-based carbon fiber material; 所述有机浸渍液的制备方法如下:The preparation method of the organic impregnation solution is as follows: 将1-甲基吲哚-3-甲酸分散在氯化亚砜中,加热反应,除去多余的氯化亚砜,加入乙醇胺和甲苯,加热反应,得到乙醇胺衍生物;Dispersing 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid in thionyl chloride, heating for reaction, removing excess thionyl chloride, adding ethanolamine and toluene, heating for reaction, and obtaining an ethanolamine derivative; 将乙醇胺衍生物、乙二醇分散在乙醇中,得到有机浸渍液;dispersing the ethanolamine derivative and ethylene glycol in ethanol to obtain an organic impregnation solution; 所述无机浸渍液的制备方法如下:The preparation method of the inorganic impregnation solution is as follows: 将硫酸铵、氯化铵、碳酸氢铵分散在水中,得到无机浸渍液;Dispersing ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate in water to obtain an inorganic impregnation solution; 所述改性酚醛树脂溶液的制备方法如下:The preparation method of the modified phenolic resin solution is as follows: 将苯酚、N-(3-氨基丙基)-N-乙基苯胺分散在乙醇中,搅拌均匀,加入氢氧化钠水溶液,甲醛水溶液进行聚合,得到改性酚醛树脂;Phenol and N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-ethylaniline are dispersed in ethanol, stirred evenly, and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and formaldehyde aqueous solution are added to polymerize to obtain a modified phenolic resin; 将改性酚醛树脂分散在乙醇中,得到改性酚醛树脂溶液;dispersing the modified phenolic resin in ethanol to obtain a modified phenolic resin solution; 所述有机浸渍液按质量份计,由乙醇胺衍生物1-5份、乙二醇5-15份、乙醇100份组成;The organic impregnation solution is composed of 1-5 parts of ethanolamine derivative, 5-15 parts of ethylene glycol, and 100 parts of ethanol by weight; 所述无机浸渍液按质量份计,由硫酸铵2-4份、氯化铵2-4份、碳酸氢铵4-6份、水100份组成;The inorganic impregnation liquid is composed of 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-4 parts of ammonium chloride, 4-6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 100 parts of water by weight; 所述改性酚醛树脂溶液按质量份计,由改性酚醛树脂40-60份、乙醇100份组成。The modified phenolic resin solution is composed of 40-60 parts of modified phenolic resin and 100 parts of ethanol in parts by mass. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黏胶基碳纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在改性酚醛树脂聚合反应中,所述苯酚、N-(3-氨基丙基)-N-乙基苯胺、氢氧化钠、甲醛质量比为100:(4-8):(0.5-1.5):(40-60)。2. The method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the polymerization reaction of the modified phenolic resin, the mass ratio of phenol, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-ethylaniline, sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde is 100: (4-8): (0.5-1.5): (40-60). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黏胶基碳纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述有机浸渍液中浸渍时间为25-35min;在所述无机浸渍液中浸渍时间为45-55min。3. The method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that the immersion time in the organic impregnation liquid is 25-35 minutes; the immersion time in the inorganic impregnation liquid is 45-55 minutes. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种黏胶基碳纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预氧化的条件为:依次在140-150℃预氧化5-15min,160-170℃预氧化10-20min,200-220℃预氧化10-20min,230-250℃预氧化10-20min,260-280℃预氧化20-40min。4. The method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pre-oxidation conditions are: pre-oxidation at 140-150°C for 5-15 min, pre-oxidation at 160-170°C for 10-20 min, pre-oxidation at 200-220°C for 10-20 min, pre-oxidation at 230-250°C for 10-20 min, and pre-oxidation at 260-280°C for 20-40 min. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种黏胶基碳纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述改性酚醛树脂溶液中浸渍时间为15-25min,固化条件为:在150-160℃固化25-35min。5. The method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material according to claim 1, characterized in that the immersion time in the modified phenolic resin solution is 15-25 minutes, and the curing conditions are: curing at 150-160° C. for 25-35 minutes. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种黏胶基碳纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳化石墨化条件为:依次在295-305℃处理10-20min,495-505℃处理5-15min,1200-1400℃处理35-45min,1600-1800℃处理0.5-1.5h,2000-2200℃处理1-2h。6. The method for preparing a viscose-based carbon fiber material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the carbonization and graphitization conditions are: treatment at 295-305°C for 10-20 min, 495-505°C for 5-15 min, 1200-1400°C for 35-45 min, 1600-1800°C for 0.5-1.5 h, and 2000-2200°C for 1-2 h.
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CN86107562A (en) * 1985-10-09 1987-07-15 伊索福圣戈班公司 Mineral fibre impregnation composition and impregnation mineral fibre
CN113774604A (en) * 2021-09-17 2021-12-10 安徽弘昌新材料有限公司 Preparation process of viscose-based carbon fiber composite graphite felt and prepared graphite felt

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