[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

CN118697692B - Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application - Google Patents

Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN118697692B
CN118697692B CN202410844812.8A CN202410844812A CN118697692B CN 118697692 B CN118697692 B CN 118697692B CN 202410844812 A CN202410844812 A CN 202410844812A CN 118697692 B CN118697692 B CN 118697692B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bitter
anesthetic
mucilage
tongue root
tongue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202410844812.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN118697692A (en
Inventor
耿燕楠
王新凤
陈红
李晓黎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Original Assignee
Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine filed Critical Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Priority to CN202410844812.8A priority Critical patent/CN118697692B/en
Publication of CN118697692A publication Critical patent/CN118697692A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN118697692B publication Critical patent/CN118697692B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/235—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group
    • A61K31/24—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group having an amino or nitro group
    • A61K31/245—Amino benzoic acid types, e.g. procaine, novocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
    • A61P23/02—Local anaesthetics

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, a method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medicines. In the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, viscous protein with viscosity can be adhered to the tongue root part when being smeared on the tongue root part, and a medicinal film layer is formed on the surface of the tongue. When taking the medicine, the medicine film layer is not easy to wash away because of being stuck on the tongue root. The tetracaine hydrochloride gel has a local anesthetic effect, which can locally anesthetize the tongue root portion during the process of adhering the adhesive protein to the tongue root portion, so that no bitter taste is felt when taking medicines. After the bitter medicine or the bitter things are eaten, a small amount of hot water is taken, so that the bitter-preventing anesthetic mucilage smeared on the tongue root part can be removed, and the taste can be recovered after a period of time. The preparation method of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is simple, the use is convenient, the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage can be used for preventing bitter in a local anesthetic state, and the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is nontoxic and does not cause harm to a user.

Description

Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and relates to an anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, a method and application.
Background
Taste is one of the important physiological sensations of the human body, largely determining the choice of diet. The sensory organ of taste is the taste bud, which is composed of taste cells. Taste cells are stimulated by a taste-presenting substance and pass into the brain through the cranial nerve, thereby obtaining taste.
The taste buds are mainly distributed on the surface and edge of the tongue, and the sensitivity of the taste buds at different positions to different taste stimuli is different. In general, the tip of the tongue is sensitive to sweetness, the front of the tongue is sensitive to salty taste, the sides of the tongue are sensitive to sour taste, and the root and soft palate are sensitive to bitter taste. The bitter taste is not pleasant, and when people take medicines with poor taste, such as intestine cleaning agents, chinese herbal medicines or western medicines without sugar coating, which are required to be drunk when taking the medicines as enteroscopies or barium radiography, people often feel bitter, and are difficult to swallow, and the medicines cannot be taken.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, a method and application thereof, so as to solve the problem that the oral administration of a bitter medicament is difficult to swallow.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the invention provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: viscous protein, tetracaine hydrochloride gel, normal saline, polysorbate 80, simethicone and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The adhesive protein is an adhesive protein, and can be adhered to the tongue root part when being smeared on the tongue root part, and a medicinal film layer is formed on the tongue surface. When taking the medicine, the medicine film layer is not easy to wash away because of being stuck on the tongue root.
The mucin in the application is mussel mucin and/or fibronectin.
The main component of the tetracaine hydrochloride gel is tetracaine hydrochloride, and the tetracaine hydrochloride has anesthetic effect and is mainly used as local anesthesia. The tetracaine hydrochloride gel is in powder needle shape, can form colorless transparent semisolid after being dissolved by adding normal saline, has the characteristics of uniformity, fineness, proper viscosity and good spreadability, and is mainly used for local anesthesia of skin before venipuncture or vein catheterization. The tetracaine hydrochloride gel has the advantage of quick effect, and can take effect in 5-10 minutes generally. Of course, the specific onset time of the tetracaine hydrochloride gel needs to be determined according to the self-situation, and the specific onset time varies from person to person.
Polysorbate 80 is a commonly used surfactant that increases the stability of anti-bitter anesthetic cements. The dimethyl silicone oil is colorless transparent volatile liquid or extremely high viscosity liquid or silica gel, and can be used as oral liquid, oral medicine diluent, etc. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is a white fibrous or granular powder, and can form transparent colloidal solution after being dispersed in water, so that the adhesiveness of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is enhanced.
In the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage provided by the application, the viscous protein has viscosity, can be adhered to the tongue root part, and forms a medicinal film layer on the tongue surface. In the process of adhering the viscous protein to the tongue root, the tetracaine hydrochloride gel can locally anesthetize the tongue root in a short time, so that the bitter taste can not be felt when the medicine is taken, and the bitter anesthesia prevention mucilage is nontoxic and can not cause injury to a user.
In the application, the preparation raw materials of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage comprise: 30-40mg of mucin, 20-30mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 170-730mL of physiological saline, 10-20mg of polysorbate 80, 10-20mg of simethicone and 3-8mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Preferably, the preparation raw materials of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage comprise: 35mg of mucin, 25mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 380mL of physiological saline, 15mg of polysorbate 80, 15mg of simethicone and 5mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Based on the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage in the first aspect of the application, the application also provides a preparation method of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which comprises the following steps:
S01: dissolving viscous protein in physiological saline to form viscous protein solution;
S02: and adding tetracaine hydrochloride gel, polysorbate 80, dimethyl silicone oil and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into the viscous protein solution, and uniformly mixing to form a mucilage.
Based on the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage in the first aspect of the application, the application also provides a use method of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which comprises the following steps: before eating medicines or bear hardships Dongxi medicines, the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is smeared on the tongue root part to form a medicine film layer; after the medicine or the bitter things are eaten, a small amount of hot water is taken, and the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage smeared on the tongue root part is removed.
Specifically, before taking medicines or bear hardships eastern and western medicines, the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is smeared on the tongue root part, and under the adhesion effect of viscous protein, the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage can be adhered to the tongue root part, and a medicine film layer is formed on the surface of the tongue. Tetracaine hydrochloride gel can locally anesthetize cells at the tongue root part in a short time, and temporarily lose taste. No bitter taste is felt when eating traditional Chinese medicine or bear hardships eastern and western medicines. After taking the medicine or bitter things, a small amount of hot water is taken, so that the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage smeared on the tongue root can be removed. After a period of time, the tongue root portion will resume its taste.
It should be noted that tetracaine hydrochloride in tetracaine hydrochloride gel has cross allergic reaction with procaine when in use, so if patients have allergic history to common caine or similar drugs, the use of the anti-bitter anesthetic cement in the application is forbidden.
Based on the anti-bitter anesthetic cement in the first aspect of the application, the anti-bitter anesthetic cement provided by the application can prevent bitter under a local anesthetic state.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) When the adhesive protein with viscosity is smeared on the tongue root, the adhesive protein can be adhered to the tongue root and form a medicine film layer on the surface of the tongue. When taking the medicine, the medicine film layer is not easy to wash away because of being stuck on the tongue root.
(2) The tetracaine hydrochloride gel has a local anesthetic effect, which can locally anesthetize the tongue root portion during the process of adhering the adhesive protein to the tongue root portion, so that no bitter taste is felt when taking medicines.
(3) After the bitter medicine or the bitter things are eaten, a small amount of hot water is taken, so that the bitter-preventing anesthetic mucilage smeared on the tongue root part can be removed, and the taste can be recovered after a period of time.
(4) The preparation method of the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is simple, the use is convenient, the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is nontoxic, and the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage does not harm a user.
(5) The anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage can prevent bitter under local anesthesia.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained and illustrated by specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 35mg of mucin, 25mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 380mL of physiological saline, 15mg of polysorbate 80, 15mg of simethicone and 5mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 2
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 30mg of mucin, 20mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 170mL of physiological saline, 20mg of polysorbate 80, 10mg of simethicone and 3mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 3
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 40mg of mucin, 30mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 252mL of physiological saline, 20mg of polysorbate 80, 10mg of simethicone and 8mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 4
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 30mg of mucin, 30mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 392mL of physiological saline, 18mg of polysorbate 80, 16mg of simethicone and 4mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 5
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 32mg of mucin, 28mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 544mL of physiological saline, 16mg of polysorbate 80, 14mg of simethicone and 6mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 6
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 38mg of mucin, 21mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 288mL of physiological saline, 14mg of polysorbate 80, 16mg of simethicone and 7mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Example 7
The embodiment of the application provides an anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 30mg of mucin, 20mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 730mL of physiological saline, 10mg of polysorbate 80, 10mg of simethicone and 3mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
In order to detect the bitter preventing effect and the anesthetic effect of the bitter preventing anesthetic mucilage, bitter detection and anesthetic effect detection are respectively carried out in the embodiment of the application.
1. Bitter taste detection
40 People sensitive to bitter taste are selected and divided into two groups of 20 people for sensory evaluation. Wherein, the experimental group smears the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage provided in the embodiment 1 before taking the food-grade bittering agent, and the control group directly takes the food-grade bittering agent. The experimental results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: sensory evaluation results
As can be seen from Table 1, after using the anti-bitter anesthetic cement provided in example 1 of the present application, 18 persons did not feel bitter, and 2 persons felt slightly bitter. Therefore, the bitter-taste-preventing anesthetic mucilage provided by the embodiment of the application can effectively shield the bitter taste.
2. Anaesthetic effect detection
The anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage provided in the embodiment 1 of the application is smeared on the tongue root of 20 persons, and after 10 minutes of smearing, the tongue root is stimulated by a needle head, and whether pain is felt or not is judged. After taking warm water to remove the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, the user again feels whether pain is present. Through detection, when the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage exists at the tongue root, 20 people do not feel pain caused by needle stimulation. After removal of the anti-bitter anesthetic cement, 20 people felt the painful sensation of needle irritation.
From the above examination, the anti-bitter anesthetic cement provided by the embodiment of the application can be adhered to the tongue root after being smeared on the tongue root, can be used for local anesthesia and can not feel bitter. After removing the anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage, the bitter taste and the pain can be recovered.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (3)

1. An anti-bitter anesthetic mucilage is characterized in that the preparation raw materials comprise: 30-40mg of viscous protein, 20-30mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 170-730mL of physiological saline, 10-20mg of polysorbate 80, 10-20mg of simethicone and 3-8mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the viscous protein comprises mussel mucin and/or fibronectin.
2. The anti-bitter anesthetic cement according to claim 1, wherein the preparation raw materials comprise: 35mg of mucin, 25mg of tetracaine hydrochloride gel, 380mL of physiological saline, 15mg of polysorbate 80, 15mg of simethicone and 5mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
3. A method of preparing the anti-bitter anesthetic cement according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
dissolving viscous protein in physiological saline to form viscous protein solution;
And adding tetracaine hydrochloride gel, polysorbate 80, dimethyl silicone oil and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into the viscous protein solution, and uniformly mixing to form a mucilage.
CN202410844812.8A 2024-06-27 2024-06-27 Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application Active CN118697692B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410844812.8A CN118697692B (en) 2024-06-27 2024-06-27 Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410844812.8A CN118697692B (en) 2024-06-27 2024-06-27 Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN118697692A CN118697692A (en) 2024-09-27
CN118697692B true CN118697692B (en) 2024-11-26

Family

ID=92809292

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202410844812.8A Active CN118697692B (en) 2024-06-27 2024-06-27 Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN118697692B (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107296671A (en) * 2016-04-15 2017-10-27 黄杏玲 Tongue barrier film
CN115531356A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-30 沈吉宇 Tongue plaster for isolating taste buds

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8623334B1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2014-01-07 Alan J. Wickenhauser Topical anesthetic
SG184072A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2012-10-30 Pharmanest Ab Bioadhesive compositions of local anaesthetics
CN201710392U (en) * 2010-04-30 2011-01-19 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第一附属医院 Vomiting-prevention tongue depressor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107296671A (en) * 2016-04-15 2017-10-27 黄杏玲 Tongue barrier film
CN115531356A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-30 沈吉宇 Tongue plaster for isolating taste buds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN118697692A (en) 2024-09-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Hopkins et al. Pain‐free injection in infants: Use of a lignocaine‐prilocaine cream to prevent pain at intravenous induction of general anaesthesia in 1–5‐year‐old children
Ho et al. Effect of P‐6 acupressure on prevention of nausea and vomiting after epidural morphine for post‐Cesarean section pain relief
US4671953A (en) Methods and compositions for noninvasive administration of sedatives, analgesics, and anesthetics
JP2002500180A5 (en)
Ducharme et al. What is the best topical anesthetic for nasogastric insertion? A comparison of lidocaine gel, lidocaine spray, and atomized cocaine
CN118697692B (en) Anti-bitter anesthesia mucilage, method and application
Akcam et al. Oral hypertonic glucose spray: a practical alternative for analgesia in the newborn
SELBST Managing pain in the pediatric emergency department
BURMAN Clinical experiences with some curare preparations and curare substitutes
Kraft A pictorial and video guide to circumcision without pain
Neff The treatment of colic in infants
Schechter Common pain problems in the general pediatric setting
Klick et al. Pediatric procedural sedation, analgesia, and anxiolysis
Blue et al. Continuing Education Home Care of the Epidural Analgesia Patient: The Nurse's Role
GATEWOOD Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Origin in the Ear, Nose and Throat
Jastrzab et al. Use of breath-activated Patient Controlled Analgesia for acute pain management in a patient with quadriplegia
Foote et al. State board questions and answers for nurses
Glass Catheterization of the Natural Openings of the Antrum of Highmore
Foote State board questions and answers for nurses: being the actual questions submitted at the examinations of 31 state examining boards for nurses, with answers
Palmer et al. The effects of sensory-based treatment of drooling in children: a preliminary study
Taylor et al. Lippincott's photo atlas of medication administration
Reilly Headache: its causes and treatment
LING Peter A. Blasco
Foote et al. State Board Questions and Answers for Nurses: Essay and Objective Types, Compiled from Actual Examination Questions Given Throughout the Country by State Examining Boards...
TARROW RALPH T. KNIGHT¹ ARTHUR B. TARROW, Major, USAF (MC) HE long-cuff endotracheal tube has been used at the University of Minnesota since 1942 (1). It was developed to solve the prob-lems of vocal cord and tracheal irritation which follow lengthy

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant