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CN118675951A - Low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and current-converting method - Google Patents

Low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and current-converting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118675951A
CN118675951A CN202310260229.8A CN202310260229A CN118675951A CN 118675951 A CN118675951 A CN 118675951A CN 202310260229 A CN202310260229 A CN 202310260229A CN 118675951 A CN118675951 A CN 118675951A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mechanical switch
current
energy
voltage
electronic device
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Pending
Application number
CN202310260229.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
屈鲁
余占清
曾嵘
严鑫
甘之正
黄瑜珑
张公一
冯健
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Tsinghua University
Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute EIRI Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute EIRI Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN202310260229.8A priority Critical patent/CN118675951A/en
Publication of CN118675951A publication Critical patent/CN118675951A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure discloses a low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and a current-converting method, wherein the circuit breaker comprises a mechanical switch and a current-converting module, and the current-converting module comprises an energy-taking unit, a voltage conversion unit, a control unit, a driving unit, a power electronic device and a zinc oxide lightning arrester MOV; the converter modules are connected in parallel with two ends of the mechanical switch, and fault current is converted into the converter modules by utilizing arc voltages at the two ends of the mechanical switch in the process of switching on and off the mechanical switch; according to the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the current conversion module is self-powered through arc energy, and no external power supply is needed for supplying energy; the sensor is integrated inside the mechanical switch to control self-tripping without external control; the commutation process uses arc voltage to perform self-commutation; the off time of the commutation module depends on the current commutation process, and the power electronics self-turn off.

Description

Low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and current-converting method
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of circuit breakers, in particular to a low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct current circuit breaker and a current-converting method.
Background
Along with the application and popularization of the direct current system, in the scenes of a data center, an energy storage system, intelligent home and the like, the direct current electric equipment is more and more, and the demand for the low-voltage direct current circuit breaker is also more and more. Because the direct current short-circuit current has no alternating current zero crossing point, the traditional alternating current circuit breaker cannot be applied to a direct current system, and the traditional scheme adopts a mechanical switch and accelerates the extinction of an electric arc by using methods of an arc extinguishing grid sheet, an external magnetic field, an increasing opening distance and the like. Although the structure is simple, the long-time ablation is cut off each time, so that the service life of the contact of the mechanical switch is drastically reduced. Moreover, under low current conditions, the above method cannot effectively extinguish the arc, risking.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct current breaker and a current-converting method, which are used for solving or relieving one or more of the technical problems in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker comprising a mechanical switch and a commutation module comprising an energy harvesting unit, a voltage conversion unit, a control unit, a drive unit, power electronics and a zinc oxide arrester MOV;
The converter modules are connected in parallel with two ends of the mechanical switch, and fault current is converted into the converter modules by utilizing arc voltages at the two ends of the mechanical switch in the process of switching on and off the mechanical switch;
The energy-taking unit is used for taking energy through arc energy after the mechanical switch pulls the contact;
the voltage conversion unit is used for converting the arc voltage into voltage levels required by the control unit and the driving unit;
The control unit and the driving unit are used for conducting the power electronic device after the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy, and when the power electronic device is conducted, fault current is driven by arc voltage to be converted from the mechanical switch to the power electronic device, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction;
The control unit is also used for turning off the power electronic device when the voltage is detected to drop to the action threshold value after the arc of the mechanical switch is extinguished;
the power electronic device is used for completing fault current switching-on and switching-off after fault current is commutated into the commutation module;
the zinc oxide arrester MOV is used for absorbing energy in a system after a power electronic device is turned off, and fault current is turned on and short-circuit fault isolation is completed.
In one possible implementation, the mechanical switch is used to automatically trip and pull apart the contacts when a change in current is detected after a short circuit fault.
In one possible implementation, the mechanical switch is a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
In one possible implementation, the power electronic device is IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or a silicon carbide device.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a commutation method of a low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker, comprising a mechanical switch and a commutation module comprising an energy harvesting unit, a voltage conversion unit, a control unit, a driving unit, power electronics and a zinc oxide arrester MOV;
in the switching-on and switching-off process of the mechanical switch, the arc voltage at the two ends of the mechanical switch is utilized to commutate fault current into a commutating module with the two ends of the mechanical switch connected in parallel;
After the mechanical switch pulls the contact, the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy;
converting the arc voltage into voltage levels required by the control unit and the driving unit through a voltage conversion unit;
after the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy, the control unit and the driving unit are started to conduct the power electronic device, when the power electronic device is conducted, fault current is driven by arc voltage to be commutated from the mechanical switch to the power electronic device, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction;
When the voltage drop to the action threshold value is detected after the arc of the mechanical switch is extinguished, the power electronic device is controlled to be turned off by the control unit;
after the fault current is commutated into a commutation module, the fault current is switched off through a power electronic device;
after the power electronic device is turned off, the energy in the system is absorbed by the zinc oxide arrester MOV, so that fault current is turned on and short-circuit fault isolation is completed.
In one possible implementation manner, before the step of converting the fault current into the parallel-connected converting module at two ends of the mechanical switch by using the arc voltage at two ends of the mechanical switch in the process of turning on and off the mechanical switch includes:
Short-circuit fault occurs, the current increases, and the mechanical switch automatically trips and pulls the contact open after detecting the current change.
In one possible implementation, the mechanical switch is a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
In one possible implementation, the power electronic device is IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or a silicon carbide device.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have the following advantageous effects: according to the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the current conversion module is self-powered through arc energy, and no external power supply is needed for supplying energy; the sensor is integrated inside the mechanical switch to control self-tripping without external control; the commutation process uses arc voltage to perform self-commutation; the off time of the commutation module depends on the current commutation process, and the power electronics self-turn off.
The details of one or more embodiments of the application are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the application will be apparent from the accompanying drawings of the specification. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.
Fig. 1 is a topology of a low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker of the present exemplary embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first stage of the opening process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker of the present exemplary embodiment;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second phase of the opening process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker of the present exemplary embodiment;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third stage of the opening process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker of the present exemplary embodiment;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth stage of the opening process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker of the present exemplary embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the current change of the mechanical switch, the energy dissipating branch and the commutation module during the opening process of the present exemplary embodiment, and the voltage change across the circuit breaker;
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a commutation method of a low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker of the present exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the aspects of the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. In other instances, well-known technical solutions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software or in one or more hardware units or integrated circuits or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
The flow diagrams depicted in the figures are exemplary only and not necessarily all steps are included. For example, some steps may be decomposed, and some steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the order of actual execution may be changed according to actual situations.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented, for example, in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or sub-modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or sub-modules that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus, but may include other steps or sub-modules that are not expressly listed.
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker according to the present exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker, including: the mechanical switch and the converter module comprises an energy taking unit, a voltage conversion unit, a control unit, a driving unit, a power electronic device and a zinc oxide arrester MOV;
The converter modules are connected in parallel with two ends of the mechanical switch, and fault current is converted into the converter modules by utilizing arc voltages at the two ends of the mechanical switch in the process of switching on and off the mechanical switch;
the power electronic device is used for completing fault current breaking after fault current is commutated into the commutation module.
In the present exemplary embodiment, fault current switching is accomplished with power electronics by switching the fault current to the power electronics branch in the module with arc voltage during switching by connecting the switching module in parallel across the mechanical switch.
Specifically, the mechanical switch is used for automatically tripping and pulling open the contact when the current change is detected after the short circuit fault occurs.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first stage of the switching-off process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker according to the present exemplary embodiment, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of current changes of the mechanical switch, the energy-consuming branch circuit and the commutation module and voltage changes across the circuit breaker according to the switching-off process of the present exemplary embodiment; fig. 2 (the current flow direction is shown by the arrow in the figure) is combined with fig. 6, and under normal conditions, the current flows through the mechanical switch, and the on-state loss is low. When short circuit fault occurs, the current increases, the mechanical switch automatically trips after detecting the current change, and the contact is pulled open.
Specifically, the energy-taking unit is used for taking energy through arc energy after the mechanical switch pulls the contact open;
the voltage conversion unit is used for converting the arc voltage into voltage levels required by the control unit and the driving unit;
The control unit and the driving unit are used for conducting the power electronic device after the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy, and when the power electronic device is conducted, fault current is driven by arc voltage to be commutated from the mechanical switch to the power electronic device, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction.
It should be noted that, as long as the energy-taking unit, the voltage conversion unit and the driving unit circuit which can realize the corresponding functions all belong to the protection scope of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second stage of the switching-off process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker according to the present exemplary embodiment, and fig. 3 (the current flow direction is shown by the arrow in the figure) is combined with fig. 6, in the present exemplary embodiment, after the mechanical switch detects the current change, the mechanical switch is automatically tripped, and after the contact is pulled open, since the short-circuit current still flows through the mechanical switch, the contact is burned, and the energy capturing unit of the commutation module captures energy through arc energy.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third stage of the switching-off process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker according to the present exemplary embodiment, and fig. 4 (the current flow direction is shown by the arrow in the figure) is shown in combination with fig. 6, in the present exemplary embodiment, after the energy-taking unit obtains enough energy, the control unit and the driving unit at the rear end start to operate to turn on the power electronic device, and at the same time, the fault current is driven by the arc voltage to commutate from the mechanical switch to the power electronic branch, and the mechanical switch is quenched.
The control unit is also used for turning off the power electronic device when the voltage is detected to drop to the action threshold value after the arc of the mechanical switch is extinguished;
the power electronic device is used for completing fault current switching-on and switching-off after fault current is commutated into the commutation module;
the zinc oxide arrester MOV is used for absorbing energy in a system after a power electronic device is turned off, and fault current is turned on and short-circuit fault isolation is completed.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth stage of the switching-off process of the adaptive low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker according to the present exemplary embodiment, and fig. 5 (the current flow direction is shown by the arrow in the figure) is combined with fig. 6, and in the present exemplary embodiment, along with the arc quenching of the mechanical switch, the energy extraction unit cannot extract energy, and the voltage gradually drops. When the control unit detects that the voltage drops to an action threshold, the power electronic device is turned off, voltage is built at two ends of the device, and current is commutated to the MOV branch. After the MOV absorbs energy in the system, fault current interruption and short circuit fault isolation is completed.
Specifically, the mechanical switch is a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
It should be noted that the vacuum switch or the molded case circuit breaker is only a preferred embodiment of the mechanical switch, and the protection scope of the mechanical switch is not limited to this example.
In particular, the power electronic device is IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or a silicon carbide device.
It should be noted that IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or silicon carbide devices are merely preferred embodiments of power electronics, and the scope of power electronics is not limited to this example.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a commutation method of a low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker of the present exemplary embodiment, and as shown in fig. 7, the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a commutation method of a low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker, including:
In the switching-on and switching-off process of the mechanical switch, the arc voltage at the two ends of the mechanical switch is utilized to commutate fault current into a commutating module with the two ends of the mechanical switch connected in parallel; it is worth to say that the energy supply of the converter module is self-energy taking, and external energy supply is not needed; the mechanical switch can be a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
Specifically, before the fault current is commutated to the parallel commutation module at two ends of the mechanical switch by using the arc voltage at two ends of the mechanical switch in the switching-on and switching-off process of the mechanical switch, the method comprises the following steps:
Short-circuit fault occurs, the current increases, and the mechanical switch automatically trips and pulls the contact open after detecting the current change.
Specifically, after the short circuit fault occurs and the current increases and the mechanical switch detects the current change, the mechanical switch automatically trips and pulls the contact open, and the method comprises the following steps:
after the mechanical switch pulls the contact, the energy taking unit in the converter module takes energy through arc energy;
converting the arc voltage into voltage levels required by the control unit and the driving unit through a voltage conversion unit;
After the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy, a control unit and a driving unit in the converter module are started to conduct the power electronic device, and when the power electronic device is conducted, fault current is driven by arc voltage to convert current from the mechanical switch to the power electronic device, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction. Illustratively, power electronics include, but are not limited to IGBT, IEGT, IGCT and silicon carbide devices.
Specifically, in the switching-on/off process of the mechanical switch, the fault current is commutated to the parallel commutation module at two ends of the mechanical switch by using arc voltage at two ends of the mechanical switch, and the fault current switching-on/off is completed by the power electronic device in the commutation module specifically further comprises:
after the mechanical switch is in arc extinction, the control unit turns off the power electronic device when detecting that the voltage drops to an action threshold value;
After the power electronic device is turned off, the zinc oxide arrester MOV in the current conversion module absorbs energy in the system, and fault current breaking and short circuit fault isolation are completed.
Specifically, the mechanical switch is a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
In particular, the power electronic device is IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or a silicon carbide device.
In the present exemplary embodiment, normally, the current flows through the mechanical switch, and the on-state loss is low. When short circuit fault occurs, the current increases, the mechanical switch automatically trips after detecting the current change, and the contact is pulled open. Because the short-circuit current still flows through the mechanical switch, the contacts are burnt, and the energy taking unit of the converter module takes energy through the arc energy. When the energy-taking unit obtains enough energy, the control unit and the drive IC at the rear end start to work to conduct the power electronic device, meanwhile, fault current is driven by arc voltage to be commutated from the mechanical switch to the power electronic branch, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction. With the mechanical switch being quenched, the energy-taking unit cannot obtain energy, and the voltage gradually drops. When the control unit detects that the voltage drops to an action threshold, the power electronic device is turned off, voltage is built at two ends of the device, and current is commutated to the MOV branch. After the MOV absorbs energy in the system, fault current interruption and short circuit fault isolation is completed.
The two ends of the mechanical switch are connected with the current conversion module in parallel, fault current is converted to a power electronic branch in the module by using arc voltage in the switching-on and switching-off process, and fault current switching-on and switching-off are completed by using a power electronic device. The driving and control of the power electronic device are integrated in the converter module, and the mechanical switch is utilized for arcing and energy taking, so that the self energy taking is realized; when the energy storage element can not support the module for supplying energy, the power electronic device is automatically turned off, and the self-turn-off is realized. The method is beneficial to reducing the fault current on-off time, reducing the ablation energy of the contact of the mechanical switch and improving the electrical life of the circuit breaker.
In summary, the current conversion module of the embodiment self-takes energy through arc energy, and does not need an external power supply to supply energy; the sensor is integrated inside the mechanical switch to control self-tripping without external control; the commutation process uses arc voltage to perform self-commutation; the off time of the commutation module depends on the current commutation process, and the power electronics self-turn off. Therefore, the circuit breaker is a self-adaptive circuit breaker, is self-triggered, self-energy-taking and self-converting, and can convert and turn off according to fault conditions without external control and detection.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the above examples, but all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present disclosure belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted that several modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present disclosure should and are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (8)

1. The low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current breaker is characterized by comprising a mechanical switch and a current-converting module, wherein the current-converting module comprises an energy-taking unit, a voltage conversion unit, a control unit, a driving unit, a power electronic device and a zinc oxide lightning arrester MOV;
The converter modules are connected in parallel with two ends of the mechanical switch, and fault current is converted into the converter modules by utilizing arc voltages at the two ends of the mechanical switch in the process of switching on and off the mechanical switch;
The energy-taking unit is used for taking energy through arc energy after the mechanical switch pulls the contact;
the voltage conversion unit is used for converting the arc voltage into voltage levels required by the control unit and the driving unit;
The control unit and the driving unit are used for conducting the power electronic device after the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy, and when the power electronic device is conducted, fault current is driven by arc voltage to be converted from the mechanical switch to the power electronic device, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction;
The control unit is also used for turning off the power electronic device when the voltage is detected to drop to the action threshold value after the arc of the mechanical switch is extinguished;
the power electronic device is used for completing fault current switching-on and switching-off after fault current is commutated into the commutation module;
the zinc oxide arrester MOV is used for absorbing energy in a system after a power electronic device is turned off, and fault current is turned on and short-circuit fault isolation is completed.
2. The low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein the mechanical switch is configured to automatically trip and pull the contacts apart upon detection of a current change after a short circuit fault.
3. The low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mechanical switch is a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
4. The low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker of claim 1 or 2, wherein the power electronic device is IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or a silicon carbide device.
5. The commutation method of the low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid direct current breaker is characterized by comprising a mechanical switch and a commutation module, wherein the commutation module comprises an energy taking unit, a voltage conversion unit, a control unit, a driving unit, a power electronic device and a zinc oxide lightning arrester MOV;
in the switching-on and switching-off process of the mechanical switch, the arc voltage at the two ends of the mechanical switch is utilized to commutate fault current into a commutating module with the two ends of the mechanical switch connected in parallel;
After the mechanical switch pulls the contact, the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy;
converting the arc voltage into voltage levels required by the control unit and the driving unit through a voltage conversion unit;
after the energy taking unit takes energy through arc energy, the control unit and the driving unit are started to conduct the power electronic device, when the power electronic device is conducted, fault current is driven by arc voltage to be commutated from the mechanical switch to the power electronic device, and the mechanical switch is in arc extinction;
When the voltage drop to the action threshold value is detected after the arc of the mechanical switch is extinguished, the power electronic device is controlled to be turned off by the control unit;
after the fault current is commutated into a commutation module, the fault current is switched off through a power electronic device;
after the power electronic device is turned off, the energy in the system is absorbed by the zinc oxide arrester MOV, so that fault current is turned on and short-circuit fault isolation is completed.
6. The method for converting a low-voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc breaker according to claim 5, wherein before converting a fault current into a parallel commutation module at two ends of the mechanical switch by using arc voltage at two ends of the mechanical switch during the turning-on and turning-off of the mechanical switch, the method comprises:
Short-circuit fault occurs, the current increases, and the mechanical switch automatically trips and pulls the contact open after detecting the current change.
7. The method of commutating a low voltage natural commutating hybrid dc circuit breaker according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the mechanical switch is a vacuum switch or a molded case circuit breaker.
8. The method of commutating a low voltage natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker of claim 5 or 6, wherein the power electronic device is IGBT, IEGT, IGCT or a silicon carbide device.
CN202310260229.8A 2023-03-16 2023-03-16 Low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and current-converting method Pending CN118675951A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310260229.8A CN118675951A (en) 2023-03-16 2023-03-16 Low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and current-converting method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310260229.8A CN118675951A (en) 2023-03-16 2023-03-16 Low-voltage natural current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and current-converting method

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CN118675951A true CN118675951A (en) 2024-09-20

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