CN118640143A - A pyramid-shaped gravity energy storage system, a special building and a charging and discharging control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a special building for a gravity energy storage system, including a building main body, the building main body is a pyramid-shaped structure that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, the center of gravity of the pyramid-shaped structure is relatively low, and the structure is more stable; multiple storage layers are arranged on the building main body; the storage layers are used to place gravity blocks; a lifting mechanism is arranged in the building main body, and the lifting mechanism is used to vertically transport gravity blocks. The present invention also provides a pyramid-type gravity energy storage system and a charging and discharging method based on the special building. In the energy storage system of the present invention, the building main body is a structure that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top. Such a building structure is more stable, has good earthquake and wind resistance, and has a long service life. At the same time, because the top is small and the bottom is large, the bottom layer can accommodate all the gravity blocks in the upper storage layer, and the gravity blocks of any layer can directly fall into the bottom layer, and there is no need to perform precise positioning during the falling process of the gravity blocks, so the transportation control method of the gravity blocks is simpler.

Description

A pyramid-shaped gravity energy storage system, a special building and a charging and discharging control method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, a special building and a charge and discharge control method.

Background Art

Energy storage system is one of the key technologies to achieve peak shaving and valley filling, improve power quality and optimize power. With the rapid development of energy storage technology, energy storage forms are becoming more and more diversified. According to the form of energy conversion, it can be divided into chemical energy storage and physical energy storage. Chemical energy storage is mainly in the form of various battery technologies; physical energy storage mainly includes pumped storage, compressed air storage, flywheel storage and superconducting magnetic storage, among which pumped storage is one of the largest energy storage methods currently used. The principle of pumped storage is to use the gravitational potential energy of liquid water to store energy. Its biggest advantage is that the storage energy is large, the release time of the stored energy is flexible and controllable; when the power station capacity is met, the energy release time of pumped storage can be arbitrarily adjusted between a few hours and a few days. However, due to the need for a high terrain difference and a large amount of water storage, the corresponding pumped storage power station has extremely demanding site selection requirements, so it is not applicable in mountains where there is a lack of sufficient water sources and plains where the terrain difference is not obvious. Based on this, gravity energy storage technology came into being. The principle of gravity energy storage technology is the same as that of pumped water energy storage technology. Gravity energy storage is to replace the corresponding medium from water to solid heavy objects, which greatly reduces the site selection requirements of the energy storage system. When the gravity energy storage system is working, the heavy objects are lifted to a high place by the electric motor, and the electrical energy is converted into the potential energy of the heavy objects; when the heavy objects are lowered, the heavy objects can drive the generator to rotate, so that the potential energy of the heavy objects is converted into electrical energy.

At present, there are many existing technologies for gravity energy storage. For example, CN114704445A discloses a gravity energy storage module and a modular gravity energy storage system, which includes multiple mass block layers, elevator devices on both sides and generators. The multiple mass block layers are stacked in the vertical direction and each mass block layer is provided with multiple mass block storage positions in the horizontal direction. A horizontal trolley for horizontally carrying mass blocks is provided on the lower side of each mass block layer. The elevator devices on both sides are arranged on both sides of the multiple mass layers to carry the mass blocks up and down. The elevator devices are connected to the generator to drive the generator to generate electricity. Multiple gravity energy storage modules are stacked in the front-to-back direction to form a modular gravity energy storage system. The invention has no special requirements for the terrain, has high utilization rate of the occupied area, is easy to control, and the system operates safely and stably. It can also realize dynamic adjustment of grid energy storage and discharge power.

The above energy storage solutions also have some shortcomings:

1. The main body of the energy storage building in this scheme needs to be of sufficient height, for example, more than 100 meters. As we all know, the higher the height of the main body of the building, the higher the requirements for its earthquake and wind resistance. Especially when the main body of the building is fully charged, all the mass blocks must be concentrated in the upper part of the main body of the building, making the overall building present a "top-heavy" structure, which is very easy to tilt and shake, or even collapse when the wind blows. Therefore, there are high requirements for the strength, load-bearing capacity and stability of the main body of the building. The main body of the building in this scheme adopts a conventional cubic building structure. To meet the corresponding load-bearing capacity and stability requirements, the construction cost is huge.

2. In this scheme, the upper mass block layer and the lower mass block layer correspond one to one from top to bottom. When generating electricity, the mass blocks in the upper mass block layer can only be transferred to the corresponding lower mass block layer. Similarly, when storing electricity, the mass blocks in the lower mass block layer can only be transferred to the corresponding upper mass block layer. Otherwise, the working layout of the entire mass block operation will be disrupted. Therefore, the movement and positioning of each weight block must be very precise, which makes the transportation control strategy for the mass block in its scheme more complicated.

3. In this scheme, the falling distance of each mass block is the same, that is, the power generation is the same, so the adjustment method for single power generation is not flexible enough.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, the building body of the gravity energy storage system has strong stability, and the control and positioning method of the gravity block during charging and discharging is simpler.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

The present invention first provides a special building for a gravity energy storage system, including a building main body, wherein the building main body is a pyramid-shaped structure that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, and the center of gravity of the pyramid-shaped structure is relatively low, and the structure is more stable; a plurality of storage layers are arranged on the building main body; the storage layers are used for placing gravity blocks; a lifting mechanism is arranged in the building main body, and the lifting mechanism is used for vertically transporting gravity blocks.

Furthermore, the main building is in the shape of a regular polygonal pyramid, preferably in the shape of a pyramid, i.e., a regular tetrahedron. The shape of a pyramid is simple, generous, and beautiful, and it is relatively easy to build, and it has good safety because the area of the pyramid decreases as it goes up, so it is very stable and can not be shaken. Even if it is about to collapse, the broken building blocks will only fall inside, i.e., within the range circled by the bottom edge of the pyramid, thus ensuring the safety of the building.

Furthermore, the ratio of the building's height to its base length is the golden ratio, about 0.618. This makes the spatial structure more stable and more beautiful.

The main body of the building is provided with a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, the height of the bottom layer accounts for 30% of the total height of the main body of the building, the height of the top layer accounts for 20% of the total height of the main body of the building, and multiple storage layers are evenly arranged in the middle layer. That is, the storage layer accounts for 50% of the total height of the pyramid. According to calculations, the total space available for placing gravity blocks in the storage layer is basically equivalent to the total space available for placing gravity blocks in the bottom layer, so that the bottom layer can place all the gravity blocks of the lower storage layer.

Furthermore, a crane or a forklift for transferring and stacking the gravity blocks is provided in the bottom layer, and a forklift for horizontally transferring the gravity blocks is provided in each of the storage layers.

Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a controller, a car, a traction rope, a drum and a motor; the controller is connected to the motor and is used to control the working state of the motor, one end of the traction rope is fixedly connected to the car, the other end of the traction rope is wound and connected to the drum, and the drum is directly connected to the motor. The traction rope is directly connected to the motor through the drum, and intermediate components such as the gearbox reducer can be omitted, which reduces energy loss and improves the response speed of the system. For example, the motor can adopt a direct-drive permanent magnet outer rotor motor, and the outer rotor of the permanent magnet motor is directly connected to the drum, thereby avoiding the problem of asymmetry between the drum and the motor shaft, and the direct connection method improves the efficiency of the system.

Furthermore, there are multiple lifting mechanisms, all of which are arranged in the elevator shaft at the center of the building body, and the rollers and motors are arranged in the top floor space just above the elevator shaft.

The present invention provides a pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, which adopts the above-mentioned special building and includes a plurality of gravity blocks and an electrical control system. The electrical control system is connected to a controller of a lifting mechanism and controls the energy storage system to perform charging and discharging operations according to a power grid dispatching signal; when the load of the power grid is large, discharge is performed, and at this time the electrical control system controls the lifting mechanism to perform a descending operation, thereby transferring the gravity block downward, during which the motor realizes the function of a generator, and the electrical control system rectifies the generated electric energy and transmits it to the power grid; when the load of the power grid is small, charging is performed, and at this time the electrical control system controls the lifting mechanism to perform an ascending operation, thereby lifting the gravity block to a designated storage layer above, during which the motor realizes the function of an engine, converting the electric energy obtained from the power grid into the potential energy of the gravity block and storing it.

Furthermore, the size and material of the gravity block remain the same, a fork groove is provided at the bottom of the gravity block, and a hanging piece is provided at the top.

The present invention also provides a charging and discharging method for the above-mentioned pyramid-type gravity energy storage system. When a discharge operation is to be performed, a gravity block in a certain storage layer is transferred to a car by a forklift, and then the car is lowered from the current storage layer to the bottom layer at the bottom of the building body, and then the gravity blocks are transferred and stacked in the bottom layer space by a crane or a forklift in the bottom layer; when a charging operation is performed, on the contrary, the gravity blocks are first transferred to the car by a crane or a forklift, and then the car lifts the gravity blocks to a set storage layer, and then the forklift transfers the gravity blocks to the storage layer.

The core of the charge and discharge control method of the present invention lies in the transportation of the gravity block. When the car transports the gravity block downward, it always descends directly to the bottom layer. In this way, when generating electricity, the control system does not need to accurately locate the descending height of each gravity block, and the control process is simpler. In the prior art, the basic process of a single gravity block when falling is: the speed starts to accelerate from zero, becomes a uniform speed after a period of acceleration, falls at a uniform speed for a certain period of time, and then decelerates until the speed becomes zero. It can be seen that if a batch of gravity blocks are dropped from the same height at the same time, the electricity generated as a whole will inevitably fluctuate, and this fluctuation will have an adverse effect on the power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to make multiple gravity blocks fall or rise in an organized and planned coordinated manner so that the power of the overall electric energy generated is stable. In the present invention, the energy storage system is made to output stable power to the outside by allowing gravity blocks of different layers to fall at the same time or allowing gravity blocks of the same layer to fall in batches at certain time intervals. The invention can also adjust the power generation in a variety of ways. For example, the amount of electricity generated when a gravity block falls from the top storage layer to the bottom layer is recorded as 1 unit, and assuming that the amount of electricity generated when the gravity block falls in each storage layer from top to bottom decreases by 0.1 unit per layer, if 2.7 units of electricity are to be obtained, the energy storage system of the present invention can simultaneously allow the two gravity blocks in the top storage layer and one gravity block in the fourth layer from the top to fall, or simultaneously allow the three gravity blocks in the second layer to fall to the bottom layer, or simultaneously allow one gravity block from the first layer to the third layer to fall to the bottom layer. In the above examples, the numerical values are simplified for ease of understanding. The actual numerical values need to be determined comprehensively based on a variety of factors, including the local gravitational acceleration, the specific height difference between adjacent storage layers, the density of the gravity blocks actually used, and other factors.

The specific principle of the present invention is: during the low power consumption period of the power grid, the gravity blocks in the bottom layer are transferred to the car by a forklift, the motor in the lifting mechanism realizes the function of the electric motor, and the rotation of the motor drives the traction rope to move, thereby pulling the car to a certain storage layer above, and then the gravity blocks in the car are transferred out by the forklift of the corresponding storage layer; this process is repeated until the gravity blocks are transferred to each storage layer above the pyramid, and the charging operation is completed; during the peak power consumption period of the power grid, the electrical control system chooses to transfer the gravity blocks in the specific storage layer above to the car by forklift according to the power demand, so that the car moves downward, at this time the motor realizes the function of the generator, and the electrical control system sends the generated electricity into the power grid, thereby achieving the effect of peak shaving and valley filling.

The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

1. The energy storage system of the present invention uses a pyramid-shaped building body, preferably a pyramid-shaped building body with a large bottom and a small top structure. Such a building structure is more stable, has good earthquake and wind resistance, and has a long service life.

2. In the present invention, since the upper part is small and the lower part is large, the bottom layer can accommodate all the gravity blocks in the upper storage layer. No matter which layer the gravity blocks are, they can fall directly into the bottom layer. There is no need to accurately position the gravity blocks during their falling process, so the control method is simpler.

3. In the present invention, since the heights of different storage layers are different, the amount of power generated by the gravity blocks after they fall from different storage layers is different. The present invention can flexibly control the total amount of power generation at a certain moment by controlling the timing of the falling of the gravity blocks in different storage layers and the number of gravity blocks, with high accuracy, to ensure the stability of the external output function.

4. In the present invention, the car is directly connected to the motor through the traction rope and the drum, and does not require intermediate parts such as a gear box and a reducer, which not only reduces energy loss, but also has a fast response speed and improves efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building body in Example 1 of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the lifting mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic top view of the building body in Example 1 of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a state when all the gravity blocks are placed in the storage layer in Example 3 of the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a state in which all gravity blocks are placed in the bottom layer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a gravity block in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

In the figure: 1-building body, 11-storage layer, 12-elevator shaft, 2-lifting mechanism, 21-car, 22-traction rope, 3-gravity block, 31-fork groove, 32-hanging part, 4-drum and motor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but these specific implementation schemes do not limit the protection scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1

Referring to Figures 1-2, this embodiment is a special building for a gravity energy storage system, including a building body 1. The building body 1 is in the shape of a pyramid, that is, a regular tetrahedron. The building body 1 adopts a reinforced concrete structure. The shape of the pyramid is simple, generous, and beautiful. It is relatively easy to build. The higher the height, the smaller the area, the lower the center of gravity, and the better the stability, that is, the better the safety. Because the area decreases as it goes up, it is very stable and cannot be shaken. Even if it is really about to collapse, the broken building blocks will only fall inside, that is, within the range circled by the bottom edge of the pyramid, thereby ensuring the safety of the building.

In this embodiment, the ratio of the height of the building body 1 to the length of its bottom side is the golden ratio, which is about 0.618. The building body 1 is provided with a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, the height of the bottom layer accounts for 30% of the total height of the building body, the height of the top layer accounts for 20% of the total height of the building body, and multiple storage layers are evenly arranged in the middle layer; for example, the height of the pyramid is about 100 meters, the length of its bottom side is about 160 meters, the angle between the side and the bottom of the pyramid is about 50 degrees, the height of the bottom layer is 30 meters, and the height of the top layer is 20 meters, then multiple storage layers 11 are evenly arranged in the middle layer, that is, the total height of all storage layers 11 is 50 meters, and the height of each storage layer 11 is about 3 meters. After adopting such a design, the total space available for placing the gravity blocks 3 in the storage layer 11 is basically equivalent to the total space available for placing the gravity blocks 3 in the bottom layer, so that the bottom layer can place all the gravity blocks 3 in the lower storage layer 11. Provide spatial structural support for the subsequent power generation process, so that the transportation method of making all the gravity blocks 3 fall directly to the bottom layer.

In this embodiment, a lifting mechanism 2 is provided in the building main body 1, and the lifting mechanism 2 is used for vertically transporting the gravity block 3. The lifting mechanism 2 includes a controller, a car 21, a traction rope 22, a drum and a motor 4; the controller is connected to the motor and is used to control the working state of the motor, one end of the traction rope 22 is fixedly connected to the car 21, and the other end of the traction rope 22 is wound and connected to the drum, and the drum is directly connected to the motor. More specifically, the motor in this embodiment adopts a direct-drive permanent magnet outer rotor motor, and the outer rotor of the permanent magnet motor is directly connected to the drum, thereby avoiding the problem of asymmetry between the drum and the motor shaft, and facilitating installation; and the traction rope 22 is directly connected to the motor through the drum, omitting intermediate components such as gear boxes and reducers, reducing energy loss, and improving the response speed and efficiency of the entire lifting system.

In this embodiment, there are multiple lifting mechanisms 2, all of which are arranged around the elevator shaft 12 at the center of the building body, and the number can reach hundreds. The rollers and motors are all arranged in the top space just above the elevator shaft 12. A traveling crane and a smart forklift for transporting and stacking the weight blocks 3 are arranged in the bottom layer, and an unmanned smart forklift for horizontally transporting the weight blocks 3 is arranged in the storage layer 11.

Example 2

As shown in FIG5 , the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the outer surface of the part above the top layer of the pyramid is made of tempered glass, so that the lighting effect of the top layer is good, and the weight of the top structure is lighter, thereby reducing the bearing pressure of the foundation. A circle of lifting devices is set at the edge of the elevator shaft, and a special light-viewing elevator is set in the center. The light-viewing elevator is not used for the transportation of gravity blocks, but for carrying people in and out of the top layer. In this way, a restaurant, conference room or other entertainment venues can be set up on the top layer, making full use of the top space, making the energy storage building of this embodiment a new attraction in the city.

In some other embodiments, the top of the pyramid can be designed to be flipped open, and some military facilities can be built or arranged in the space of the elevator shaft, such as a missile launch platform.

In some other embodiments, a layer of solar photovoltaic panels can be laid on the outer surface of the pyramid, so that the energy storage system can also generate photovoltaic power. While meeting the daily electricity needs inside the building, it can also export excess electricity to the power grid.

Example 3

As shown in Figures 1-6, this embodiment 3 is a pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, which adopts the special building in the present invention, including multiple gravity blocks 3 and an electrical control system, and the number of the gravity blocks 3 corresponds to the placement space of all storage layers 11. The electrical control system is connected to the controller of the lifting mechanism 2, and can control the energy storage system to perform charging and discharging operations according to the grid dispatching signal; when the load of the grid is large, discharge is performed, and the electrical control system controls the lifting mechanism 2 to perform a descending operation, thereby transporting the gravity block 3 downward. In this process, the motor realizes the function of a generator, and the electrical control system rectifies the emitted electric energy and transmits it to the grid; when the load of the grid is small, charging is performed, and the electrical control system controls the lifting mechanism 2 to perform an ascending operation, and lifts the gravity block 3 to the upper designated storage layer 11. In this process, the motor realizes the function of an engine, and converts the electric energy obtained from the grid into the potential energy of the gravity block 3 and stores it. The electrical control system includes equipment such as an inverter, which facilitates the transmission of the emitted electric energy to the grid.

In this embodiment, the raw materials of the gravity block 3 can be various, including but not limited to metal, sand and gravel, solid waste from construction, and waste slag from mines, etc. The raw materials are finally formed into cubic blocks of the same size and weight, so as to facilitate stacking and transportation. A fork groove 31 is provided at the bottom of the gravity block 3 to facilitate forklift transportation, and a hanging piece 32 is provided at the top of the gravity block 3 to facilitate crane installation.

The pyramid-type gravity energy storage system of this embodiment adopts the following charging and discharging method: when the discharge operation is to be performed, the gravity blocks 3 in a certain storage layer 11 are transferred to the car 21 by a forklift, and then the car 21 is lowered from the current storage layer 11 to the bottom layer at the bottom of the building body 1, and then the gravity blocks 3 are transferred and stacked in the bottom layer space by the crane or forklift in the bottom layer; this is repeated until all the gravity blocks 3 in the upper storage layers 11 are transferred to the bottom layer, as shown in FIG3; when the charging operation is performed, it is just the opposite, the gravity blocks 3 are first transferred to the car 21 by the crane or forklift, and then the gravity blocks 3 are lifted to the set storage layer 11 by the car 21, and then the gravity blocks 3 are transferred to the storage layer 11 by the forklift; until all the gravity blocks 3 in the bottom layer are lifted to the upper storage layer 11, as shown in FIG4. The timing of discharging and charging is determined according to the peak and valley periods of the power grid. Generally, charging is performed when the power grid is in the valley (for example, 23:00-7:00), and discharging is performed during the peak hours (for example, 08:30-11:30 or 18:00-23:00).

The core of the charging and discharging method in this embodiment is the method of transporting the gravity block: since the car 21 always directly descends to the bottom layer when transporting the gravity block 3 downward, the control system does not need to accurately locate the descending height of each gravity block 3 when generating electricity, and the control process is simpler. In the prior art, the basic process of a single gravity block when falling is: the speed starts to accelerate from zero, becomes uniform after a period of acceleration, falls at a uniform speed for a certain period of time, and then decelerates until the speed becomes zero. It can be seen that if a batch of gravity blocks are dropped from the same height at the same time, the electricity generated as a whole will inevitably fluctuate, and this fluctuation will have an adverse effect on the power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to make multiple gravity blocks fall or rise in an organized and planned coordinated manner so that the power of the electric energy generated by the system as a whole can be stable. In the present invention, the energy storage system is made to output stable power to the outside by letting the gravity blocks of different layers fall at the same time or letting the gravity blocks of the same layer fall in batches at a certain time interval. Similarly, the power generation can also be adjusted in a variety of ways in the invention. Since the height of each storage layer 11 is different, the embodiment can adjust the amount of power generated per unit time by controlling the gravity blocks 3 in different storage layers 11 to fall and the number of gravity blocks 3 falling each time, and the adjustment is flexible. For example, the amount of power generated when a gravity block 3 falls from the top storage layer 11 to the bottom layer is recorded as 1 unit, and it is assumed that the power generation when the gravity blocks 3 in each storage layer 11 fall from top to bottom decreases by 0.1 unit per layer, then if 2.7 units of power are to be obtained, the energy storage system of the embodiment can simultaneously allow the two gravity blocks 3 in the top storage layer 11 and one gravity block 3 in the fourth layer from the top to fall, or simultaneously allow the three gravity blocks 3 in the second layer to fall to the bottom layer, or simultaneously allow one gravity block 3 in each of the first to third layers to fall to the bottom layer. In the example here, for the convenience of understanding, the numerical values are simplified, and the actual numerical values need to be determined comprehensively based on multiple factors, including the local gravitational acceleration, the specific height difference between adjacent storage layers 11, and the density of the gravity blocks 3 actually used.

In addition, in this embodiment, the descending speed of the gravity block can also be adjusted at any time, and the real-time peak-shaving needs of the power grid can be fully considered. Take an extreme example, assuming that the energy storage system in this embodiment has a total of 1,000 gravity blocks, and the total power when fully charged is 1,000 units. If it needs to be discharged in 2 hours according to the dispatch plan of the power grid, it is assumed that according to calculations, the descending speed of the gravity block in this case should be 3 m/s. If the demand of the power grid suddenly changes and needs to be discharged within 1 hour, then in this embodiment, the descending speed of the gravity block can be increased to 6 m/s, which can also achieve the regulation of power generation. In short, in this embodiment, the power generation state can be regulated in a diversified manner by adjusting the falling position, quantity, and falling speed of the gravity block.

This embodiment also includes a control center, which is connected to the control system of the unmanned intelligent forklift, the crane and the electrical control system. The control center coordinates the lifting mechanism 2, the unmanned intelligent forklift, the crane and other components to work together. The connection method can be wired or wireless; the control center can use industrial computers, PLC controllers and other control terminals. In short, the control center globally controls the transportation,

Example 4

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that a conveying mechanism is provided on the bottom surface of the elevator car 21 and at a position of each storage layer 11 close to the elevator shaft 12, and the conveying mechanisms in the elevator car and the storage layer 11 cooperate with each other, so that the forklift can place the gravity block 3 directly on the conveying mechanism, and the conveying mechanism transfers the gravity block 3 from the storage layer 11 into the elevator car or from the elevator car to the storage layer 11. The conveying mechanism can be a conveying belt, a double-speed chain or other structures, which will not be elaborated here.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A special building for a gravity energy storage system, comprising a building main body, on which a plurality of storage layers are arranged; the storage layers are used to place gravity blocks; a lifting mechanism is arranged in the building main body, and the lifting mechanism is used to vertically transport gravity blocks, characterized in that: the building main body is a pyramid shape with a larger bottom and a smaller top. 2. The special building for gravity energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the main building body is pyramid-shaped, that is, a regular quadrangular pyramid. 3. The special building for gravity energy storage system according to claim 2 is characterized in that the ratio of the height of the building body to the length of its bottom side is the golden ratio. 4. The special building for the gravity energy storage system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the building body is provided with a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, the height of the bottom layer accounts for 30% of the total height of the building body, the height of the top layer accounts for 20% of the total height of the building body, and multiple storage layers are evenly arranged in the middle layer. 5. The special building for the gravity energy storage system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: a traveling crane for transferring and stacking gravity blocks is arranged in the bottom layer, and a forklift for horizontally transferring gravity blocks is arranged in each storage layer. 6. The special building for gravity energy storage system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the lifting mechanism includes a controller, a car, a traction rope, a drum and a motor; one end of the traction rope is fixedly connected to the car, the other end of the traction rope is wound and connected to the drum, the drum is rotatably connected to the motor, and the controller is connected to the motor for controlling the working state of the motor. 7. The special building for gravity energy storage system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: there are multiple lifting mechanisms, all of which are arranged in the elevator shaft at the center of the building body, and the rollers and motors are arranged in the top space just above the elevator shaft. 8. A pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, which adopts the special building as described in claim 6 or 7, and is characterized in that it also includes multiple gravity blocks and an electrical control system, wherein the electrical control system is connected to the controller of the lifting mechanism and controls the energy storage system to perform charging and discharging operations according to the power grid dispatching signal; when the load of the power grid is large, discharging is performed, and the electrical control system controls the lifting mechanism to perform a descending operation, thereby transporting the gravity block downward, the motor realizes the function of a generator, and the electrical control system rectifies the emitted electric energy and transmits it to the power grid; when the load of the power grid is small, charging is performed, and the electrical control system controls the lifting mechanism to perform an ascending operation, lifting the gravity block to a designated storage layer above, and the motor realizes the function of an engine, converting the electric energy obtained from the power grid into potential energy of the gravity block and storing it. 9. The pyramid-type gravity energy storage system according to claim 8 is characterized in that the size and material of the gravity block remain the same, a fork groove is provided at the bottom of the gravity block, and a hanging piece is provided at the top. 10. A charging and discharging method for a gravity energy storage system, applied to the pyramid-type gravity energy storage system described in claim 8, characterized in that: when performing a discharge operation, the gravity blocks in a certain storage layer are transferred to the car by a forklift, and then the car descends from the current storage layer to the bottom layer at the bottom of the building body, and then the gravity blocks are transferred and stacked by the crane or forklift in the bottom layer; when performing a charging operation, the gravity blocks in the bottom layer are first transferred to the car by the crane or forklift, and then the gravity blocks are lifted to a set storage layer by the car, and then the gravity blocks are transferred to the storage layer by the forklift; when discharging, the gravity blocks in different storage layers are allowed to fall at the same time or the gravity blocks in the same layer are allowed to fall in batches at certain time intervals, so that the pyramid-type gravity energy storage system can output stable power to the outside.