CN118640143A - Pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, special building and charge and discharge control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a special building for a gravity energy storage system, which comprises a building main body, wherein the building main body is in a pyramid shape with a large bottom and a small top, the center of gravity of a pyramid structure is relatively low, and the structure is more stable; a plurality of storage layers are arranged on the building main body; the storage layer is used for placing the gravity block; the building main body is internally provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used for vertically transferring the gravity block. The invention also provides a pyramid-type gravity energy storage system based on the special building and a charging and discharging method. According to the energy storage system, the building main body is of a structure with a large lower part and a small upper part, so that the building structure is more stable, and the anti-seismic and wind-resistant performances are good; long service life. Meanwhile, as the top is small and the bottom is large, the bottom layer at the lowest part can accommodate all the gravity blocks in the storage layer at the upper part, no matter which layer of gravity block can directly fall into the bottom layer at the lowest part, accurate positioning is not needed in the falling process of the gravity blocks, and therefore, the transferring control method of the gravity blocks is simpler.

Description

Pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, special building and charge and discharge control method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a pyramid gravity energy storage system, a special building and a charge and discharge control method.

Background

The energy storage system is one of key technologies for realizing peak clipping and valley filling, improving power quality and optimizing power, and along with the rapid development of the energy storage technology, the energy storage forms are more and more diversified. The whole can be classified into chemical energy storage and physical energy storage according to the form of energy conversion. Chemical energy storage mainly takes various battery technologies as expression forms; the physical energy storage mainly comprises water pumping energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconductive magnetic energy storage and the like, wherein the water pumping energy storage is one of the energy storage modes with the maximum application standard at present, the principle of the water pumping energy storage is to store energy by utilizing gravitational potential energy of lifting liquid water, and the water pumping energy storage has the greatest advantages of large energy storage, strong flexibility of the release time of the energy storage and high controllability; under the condition that the capacity of the power station is satisfied, the energy storage release time of the pumping energy storage can be regulated and controlled at will from a few hours to a few days. However, because of the high topography and huge water storage, the corresponding water storage station is extremely harsh in site selection requirements, and is not applicable to mountains lacking sufficient water sources and plain areas where topography differences are not obvious. Based on the above, gravity energy storage technology has been developed, and the principle of gravity energy storage technology is the same as that of water pumping energy storage technology. The gravity energy storage is to change the corresponding medium from water to solid weight, which greatly reduces the site selection requirement of the energy storage system. When the gravity energy storage system works, the weight is lifted to a high position by the motor, and at the moment, the electric energy can be converted into potential energy of the weight; when the weight descends, the weight can drive the generator to rotate, so that potential energy of the weight is converted into electric energy.

Currently, many technologies for gravity energy storage exist, such as CN114704445A discloses a gravity energy storage module and a modularized gravity energy storage system, which comprises a plurality of mass block layers, elevator devices on two sides and a generator, wherein the mass block layers are arranged in a stacked manner along the vertical direction, each mass block layer is provided with a plurality of mass block storage positions along the transverse direction, the lower side of each mass block layer is provided with a horizontal trolley for horizontally carrying the mass block, the elevator devices on two sides are arranged on two sides of the mass block layers to carry the mass block up and down, and the elevator devices are connected with the generator to drive the generator to generate power. The gravity energy storage modules are stacked in the front-rear direction to form the modularized gravity energy storage system. The invention has no special requirements on the terrain, has high occupied area utilization rate, is convenient to control, and has safe and stable system operation, and the dynamic adjustment of the energy storage and discharge power of the power grid can be realized.

The energy storage scheme described above also has some drawbacks:

1. The energy storage building main body in the scheme needs to have enough height, for example, the height reaches more than 100 meters, and as is well known, the requirement on the earthquake resistance and the wind resistance of the building main body is correspondingly improved as the height of the building main body is higher; particularly, under the condition of full electricity, all the mass blocks are intensively placed on the upper half part of the building main body, so that the whole building is of a 'head-weight and foot-light' structure, and inclined shaking and even collapse are very easy to occur when wind blows; therefore, the strength, the bearing capacity and the stability of the building main body are all very high, and in the scheme, the building main body adopts a conventional cube-shaped building structure, so that the corresponding bearing capacity and stability requirements are met, and the construction cost is huge;

2. In the scheme, the upper mass block layer and the lower mass block layer are respectively in one-to-one correspondence from top to bottom, and during power generation, the mass blocks in the upper mass block layer can only be transferred to the corresponding lower mass block layer, and likewise, during power storage, the mass blocks in the lower mass block layer can only be transferred to the corresponding upper mass block layer, otherwise, the working layout of the whole mass block operation is disturbed, so that the movement and the positioning of each mass block must be very accurate, and the transfer control strategy for the mass blocks in the scheme is complex.

3. In this scheme, the falling distance of each mass block is the same, that is, the generated energy is the same, so that the adjustment mode of the single generated energy is not flexible enough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a pyramid-shaped gravity energy storage system, wherein the building main body of the gravity energy storage system is high in stability, and the gravity block is simpler to control and position during charging and discharging.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

The invention firstly provides a special building for a gravity energy storage system, which comprises a building main body, wherein the building main body is in a pyramid shape with a large bottom and a small top, the center of gravity of the pyramid structure is relatively low, and the structure is more stable; a plurality of storage layers are arranged on the building main body; the storage layer is used for placing the gravity block; the building main body is internally provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used for vertically transferring the gravity block.

Further, the building body is in the shape of a regular polygon, preferably, the building body is in the shape of a pyramid, i.e., a regular quadrangle. The pyramid has the advantages of simple and elegant shape, attractive appearance, relatively easy construction and good safety, is very stable because the area is smaller when the pyramid is moved to the upper side, and can not move in a swaying way, even if the pyramid is really collapse, broken building blocks can only fall into the interior, namely the area surrounded by the bottom edge of the pyramid, so that the safety of the building is ensured.

Further, the ratio of the height of the building main body to the length of the bottom edge thereof is the golden section ratio; about 0.618. Thus, the space structure is more stable and more attractive.

The building main part from the top down is provided with top layer, intermediate level and bottom, and the height of bottom accounts for 30% of the total height of building main part, and the height of top accounts for 20% of the total height of building main part, and a plurality of storage layers evenly set up in the intermediate level. The total space in the storage layer for placing the gravity blocks is basically equivalent to the total space in the bottom layer for placing the gravity blocks, so that the bottom layer can be used for placing all the gravity blocks of the lower storage layer.

Further, a crane or forklift for transporting and stacking the gravity blocks is arranged in the bottom layer, and forklift for horizontally transporting the gravity blocks is arranged in the storage layer.

Further, the lifting mechanism comprises a controller, a lift car, a traction rope, a roller and a motor; the controller is connected with the motor and used for controlling the working state of the motor, one end of the traction rope is fixedly connected with the car, the other end of the traction rope is wound and connected with the roller, and the roller is directly connected with the motor. The hauling rope is directly connected with the motor through the roller, so that intermediate parts such as a gearbox speed reducer and the like can be omitted, the energy loss is reduced, and the reaction speed of the system is improved. For example, the motor can adopt a direct-drive permanent magnet outer rotor motor, and the outer rotor of the permanent magnet motor is directly connected with the roller, so that the problem of asymmetry of the roller and a motor shaft is avoided, and the efficiency of the system is improved in a direct connection mode.

Further, the lifting mechanism has a plurality ofly, all sets up in the elevator shaft at building body center, cylinder and motor all set up in the top layer space directly over the elevator shaft.

The invention provides a pyramid gravity energy storage system, which adopts the special building and comprises a plurality of gravity blocks and an electrical control system, wherein the electrical control system is connected with a controller of a lifting mechanism and controls the energy storage system to carry out charging and discharging operations according to a power grid dispatching signal; discharging when the load of the power grid is large, controlling the lifting mechanism to execute descending operation by the electric control system at the moment, thereby transferring the gravity block downwards, realizing the function of a generator by the motor in the process, rectifying the generated electric energy by the electric control system, and then conveying the electric energy to the power grid; when the load of the power grid is smaller, the electric control system controls the lifting mechanism to perform lifting operation, the gravity block is lifted to a storage layer appointed above, the motor achieves the function of an engine in the process, and electric energy obtained from the power grid is converted into potential energy of the gravity block to be stored.

Further, the size and the material of the gravity block are kept the same, a fork groove is formed in the bottom of the gravity block, and a hanging piece is arranged at the top of the gravity block.

The invention provides a charging and discharging method for the pyramid-type gravity energy storage system, when discharging operation is to be performed, a gravity block in a certain storage layer is transferred into a lift car through a forklift, the lift car is then lowered from the current storage layer to the bottom layer at the lowest part of a building main body, and the gravity block is transferred and stacked into a bottom layer space through a crane or forklift in the bottom layer; in contrast, when the charging operation is performed, the weight is transferred to the car by the crane or the forklift, and then the weight is lifted to a predetermined storage floor by the car, and then transferred to the storage floor by the forklift.

The core of the charge-discharge control method is that the gravity blocks are transferred, and the lift car always descends to the bottommost layer directly when transferring the gravity blocks downwards, so that a control system does not need to accurately position the descending height of each gravity block when generating electricity, and the control flow is simpler. In the prior art, the basic process of dropping a single gravity block is as follows: the speed is accelerated from zero, the speed is changed to a constant speed after a period of acceleration, the speed falls for a certain time at the constant speed, and then the speed is reduced until the speed becomes zero. It is known that if a batch of gravity blocks is allowed to fall from the same height at the same time, the overall power generation will necessarily also fluctuate, which can adversely affect the grid. It is desirable to have multiple gravity blocks fall or lift in an organized, planned coordinated manner so that the power of the electrical energy occurring as a whole is stable. According to the invention, the energy storage system can perform stable power output outwards by allowing the gravity blocks of different layers to drop simultaneously or allowing the gravity blocks of the same layer to drop in batches according to a certain time interval. In the invention, the generated energy can be regulated in various modes, for example, the generated energy when 1 gravity block falls from the uppermost storage layer to the bottom layer is recorded as 1 unit, and the generated energy when the gravity blocks fall from top to bottom in each storage layer is assumed to be reduced by 0.1 unit each layer, if the generated energy of 2.7 units is required to be obtained, the energy storage system can simultaneously fall 2 gravity blocks in the uppermost storage layer and 1 gravity block in the fourth layer from above, can simultaneously fall 3 gravity blocks in the second layer to the bottom layer, and can simultaneously fall one gravity block in each of the first layer to the third layer to the bottom layer. In the above examples, the values are simplified for easy understanding, and the actual values need to be determined comprehensively according to various factors, including local gravitational acceleration, specific height difference of adjacent storage layers, density of practical gravitational blocks, and the like.

The specific principle of the invention is as follows: in the electricity consumption valley period of the power grid, the gravity blocks in the bottom layer are transferred into the lift car through the forklift, the motor in the lifting mechanism achieves the function of the motor, the traction rope is driven to move through rotation of the motor, the lift car is further lifted to a certain storage layer above the traction rope, and then the gravity blocks in the lift car are transferred out through the forklift of the corresponding storage layer; repeating the steps until the gravity blocks are transferred to each storage layer above the pyramid, and completing the charging operation; in the power consumption peak period of the power grid, the electric control system selects to transfer the gravity block in the upper specific storage layer to the lift car through the forklift according to the requirement of the power consumption power, so that the lift car moves downwards, the motor achieves the function of a generator at the moment, and the electric control system sends the generated power into the power grid, so that the peak clipping and valley filling effects are achieved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. According to the energy storage system, the building main body is in a pyramid shape, preferably in a pyramid shape, and is in a structure with a large lower part and a small upper part, so that the building structure is more stable, and the anti-seismic and anti-wind performance is good; long service life.

2. In the invention, as the top is small and the bottom is large, the bottom layer at the lowest part can accommodate all the gravity blocks in the storage layer at the upper part, no matter which layer of gravity block can directly fall into the bottom layer at the lowest part, accurate positioning is not needed in the falling process of the gravity blocks, so the control method is simpler;

3. The invention can flexibly control the total power generation amount at a certain moment by controlling the falling time of the gravity blocks in different storage layers and the quantity of the gravity blocks due to different heights of different storage layers, has high accuracy and ensures the stability of an external output function.

4. In the invention, the lift car is directly connected with the motor through the traction rope and the roller, and intermediate parts such as a gear box, a speed reducer and the like are not needed, so that the energy loss is reduced, the reaction speed is high, and the efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building body according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation position of the lifting mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a building body according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the state where the gravity block is fully placed in the storage layer in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the state where the gravity block is entirely placed in the bottom layer in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a gravity block according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

In the figure: 1-building main body, 11-storage layer, 12-elevator shaft, 2-elevating mechanism, 21-car, 22-hauling rope, 3-gravity block, 31-fork groove, 32-hanger, 4-cylinder and motor.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment is a special building for a gravity energy storage system, which comprises a building main body 1, wherein the building main body 1 is in a pyramid shape, namely a regular quadrangular pyramid shape, the building main body 1 adopts a reinforced concrete structure, the pyramid shape is concise, elegant and attractive, the building is relatively easy, the higher the height is, the smaller the area is, the lower the gravity center is, the stability is good, namely the safety is good, the smaller the area is, the more stable the building is, the shaking is still, even if the building is really collapse, the broken building blocks can only fall inside, namely within the range enclosed by the bottom edge of the pyramid, and the safety of the building is ensured.

In this embodiment, the ratio of the height of the building main body 1 to the length of the bottom edge thereof is the golden section ratio, about 0.618, the building main body 1 is provided with a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, the height of the bottom layer is 30% of the total height of the building main body, the height of the top layer is 20% of the total height of the building main body, and a plurality of storage layers are uniformly arranged in the middle layer; for example, the height of the pyramid is about 100 m, the length of the bottom edge is about 160 m, the angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the pyramid is about 50 degrees, the height of the bottom layer is 30m, the height of the top layer is 20 m, the plurality of storage layers 11 are uniformly arranged in the middle layer, namely, the total height of all the storage layers 11 is 50m, and the height of each storage layer 11 is about 3 m. The space structure support is provided for the transferring method that the gravity block 3 is directly dropped to the bottom layer in the subsequent power generation process.

In the present embodiment, a lifting mechanism 2 is provided in the building main body 1, and the lifting mechanism 2 is used for vertically transferring the gravity block 3. The lifting mechanism 2 comprises a controller, a car 21, a traction rope 22, a roller and a motor 4; the controller is connected with the motor and is used for controlling the working state of the motor, one end of the traction rope 22 is fixedly connected with the car 21, the other end of the traction rope 22 is wound and connected with the roller, and the roller is directly connected with the motor. More specifically, the motor in the embodiment adopts a direct-drive permanent magnet outer rotor motor, and the outer rotor of the permanent magnet motor is directly connected with the roller, so that the problem of asymmetry of the roller and a motor shaft is avoided, and the installation is convenient; and the hauling cable 22 is directly connected with the motor through the roller, so that intermediate components such as a gear box, a speed reducer and the like are omitted, the energy loss is reduced, and the reaction speed and the efficiency of the whole lifting system are improved.

In this embodiment there are several lifting mechanisms 2, each arranged around the periphery of the elevator shaft 12 in the centre of the building body, up to several hundred, and the rollers and motors are arranged in the top space directly above the elevator shaft 12. The crane and the intelligent forklift for transporting and stacking the gravity blocks 3 are arranged in the bottom layer, and the unmanned intelligent forklift for horizontally transporting the gravity blocks 3 is arranged in the storage layer 11.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 5, this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in the embodiment, the outer surface of the part above the top layer of the pyramid is made of toughened glass, so that the lighting effect of the top layer part is good, and meanwhile, the weight of the top structure is lighter, so that the bearing pressure of the foundation is reduced. The border of elevator shaft is provided with round elevating gear, then sets up special light elevator in the center, and light elevator is not used for the transportation of gravity piece, but is used for carrying the people business turn over top layer, just so can set up dining room, meeting room or other amusement places at the top layer, make full use of head space makes the energy storage building of this embodiment become the new sight spot in city.

In other embodiments, the top of the pyramid may be designed to be a flip open structure, where some military equipment may be built or deployed in the space of the hoistway, such as a missile launching platform or the like.

In other embodiments, a layer of solar photovoltaic panel can be paved on the outer surface of the pyramid, so that the energy storage system can also perform photovoltaic power generation, and under the condition of meeting the daily electricity demand in the building, the energy storage system can also output redundant power to the power grid.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1-6, this embodiment 3 is a pyramid-shaped gravity energy storage system, and uses a special building in the present invention, including a plurality of gravity blocks 3 and an electrical control system, where the number of gravity blocks 3 corresponds to the placement space of all storage layers 11. The electric control system is connected with the controller of the lifting mechanism 2 and can control the energy storage system to carry out charging and discharging operations according to the power grid dispatching signals; discharging when the load of the power grid is large, controlling the lifting mechanism 2 by the electrical control system to execute descending operation, and transferring the gravity block 3 downwards, wherein the motor realizes the function of a generator in the process, and the electrical control system rectifies the generated electric energy and then transmits the rectified electric energy to the power grid; when the load of the power grid is small, the electric control system controls the lifting mechanism 2 to perform lifting operation, the gravity block 3 is lifted to the storage layer 11 appointed above, the motor achieves the function of an engine in the process, and electric energy obtained from the power grid is converted into potential energy of the gravity block 3 to be stored. The electrical control system comprises an inverter and the like, and facilitates the transmission of the generated electric energy into the power grid.

In this embodiment, the gravity block 3 may be made of various materials including, but not limited to, metal, sand, construction solid waste, mine waste residue, etc., and the materials finally form a cubic block with the same size and weight; to facilitate stacking transport. The bottom of the gravity block 3 is provided with a fork groove 31, so that forklift transportation is facilitated, and the top of the gravity block 3 is provided with a hanging piece 32, so that crane hanging and hanging are facilitated.

The charging and discharging method adopted by the pyramid-type gravity energy storage system in the embodiment is as follows: when the discharging operation is to be performed, transferring the gravity block 3 in a certain storage layer 11 into the lift car 21 by a forklift, then enabling the lift car 21 to descend from the current storage layer 11 to the bottom layer at the lowest part of the building main body 1, and transferring and stacking the gravity block 3 into a bottom layer space by a crane or forklift in the bottom layer; this is repeated until all of the gravity blocks 3 in each storage layer 11 above are transferred into the bottom layer, as shown in fig. 3; when the charging operation is carried out, the gravity block 3 is transferred into the lift car 21 by a crane or a forklift, then the lift car 21 lifts the gravity block 3 to a set storage layer 11, and then the forklift transfers the gravity block 3 to the storage layer 11; until the bottom gravity block 3 is lifted entirely into the upper storage layer 11, as shown in fig. 4. The timing of discharging and charging is determined according to the peak-valley period of the power grid, and is generally performed at the low peak (e.g. 23:00-7:00) and at the peak (e.g. 08:30-11:30 or 18:00-23:00).

The core of the charge-discharge method in this embodiment is a transfer method for a gravity block: since the car 21 always descends directly to the bottommost layer when transferring the gravity blocks 3 downwards, the control system does not need to precisely position the descending height of each gravity block 3 when generating electricity, and the control flow is simpler. In the prior art, the basic process of dropping a single gravity block is as follows: the speed is accelerated from zero, the speed is changed to a constant speed after a period of acceleration, the speed falls for a certain time at the constant speed, and then the speed is reduced until the speed becomes zero. It is known that if a batch of gravity blocks is allowed to fall from the same height at the same time, the overall power generation will necessarily also fluctuate, which can adversely affect the grid. Therefore, a plurality of gravity blocks need to be dropped or lifted in an organized and planned manner, so that the power of the electric energy generated by the whole system is stable. According to the invention, the energy storage system can perform stable power output outwards by allowing the gravity blocks of different layers to drop simultaneously or allowing the gravity blocks of the same layer to drop in batches according to a certain time interval. Similarly, the invention can also be used for adjusting the generated energy in various modes. Since the height of each storage layer 11 is different, the present embodiment can adjust the amount of power generation in unit time by controlling the falling of the gravity blocks 3 in different storage layers 11 and the number of gravity blocks 3 falling each time, and the adjustment is flexible. For example, the electricity generated when 1 gravity block 3 falls from the uppermost storage layer 11 to the bottom layer is recorded as 1 unit, and assuming that the electricity generation amount when the gravity blocks 3 fall in each storage layer 11 from top to bottom decreases by 0.1 unit for each layer, if the electricity of 2.7 units is obtained, the energy storage system of this embodiment may enable 2 gravity blocks 3 in the uppermost storage layer 11 and one gravity block 3 in the fourth layer from above to fall simultaneously, or enable 3 gravity blocks 3 in the second layer to fall to the bottom layer simultaneously, or enable one gravity block 3 in each of the first layer to the third layer to fall to the bottom layer simultaneously. In the examples herein, the values are simplified for ease of understanding, and the actual values need to be determined in combination according to a variety of factors, including the local gravitational acceleration, the specific height difference of the adjacent storage layer 11, the density of the gravitational block 3 in actual use, etc.

In addition, in the embodiment, the descending speed of the gravity block can be adjusted at any time, and the real-time peak regulation requirement of the power grid is fully considered. As an extreme example, assuming that the energy storage system in this embodiment has 1000 gravity blocks in total and the total electric quantity is 1000 units when fully charged, if the power storage system needs to be just discharged in 2 hours according to the scheduling plan of the power grid, it is assumed that the descending speed of the gravity blocks in this case should be 3 m/s according to the calculation, if the power grid needs to be suddenly changed and the power storage system needs to be discharged in 1 hour, the descending speed of the gravity blocks can be increased to 6 m/s in this embodiment, so that the regulation of the power generation power can be realized, and in this embodiment, the multiple regulation of the power generation state can be performed by the descending position, the number and the descending speed of the gravity blocks.

The embodiment also comprises a control center, wherein the control center is in communication connection with a control system, a crane and an electric control system of the unmanned intelligent forklift, the control center coordinates the lifting mechanism 2, the unmanned intelligent forklift, the crane and other parts to perform cooperative work, and the connection mode can be a wired or wireless connection mode; the control center can adopt control terminals such as an industrial computer, a PLC controller and the like. In summary, the control center globally controls the transfer of the gravity blocks 3 on each storage layer 11,

Example 4

This embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that: the bottom surface of the elevator car 21 and the position of each storage layer 11 near the elevator shaft 12 are provided with conveying mechanisms, the elevator car is matched with the conveying mechanisms in the storage layers 11, so that the forklift truck can directly put the gravity block 3 on the conveying mechanisms, the gravity block 3 is transferred from the storage layer 11 into the elevator car or from the elevator car to the storage layer 11 by the conveying mechanisms, and the conveying mechanisms can be structures such as a conveying belt and a double-speed chain, and the like, which are not described herein.

The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and the present invention is described above in any way, but is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any person skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, while the above disclosure is directed to various equivalent embodiments, which are capable of being modified or varied in several ways, any simple modification, equivalent changes and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A special building for a gravity energy storage system comprises a building main body, wherein a plurality of storage layers are arranged on the building main body; the storage layer is used for placing the gravity block; the building main body is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used for vertically transferring the gravity block, and is characterized in that: the building main body is in a pyramid shape with a large bottom and a small top.

2. The gravity energy storage system building of claim 1, wherein: the building main body is pyramid-shaped, namely, regular quadrangular pyramid-shaped.

3. The gravity energy storage system private building according to claim 2, wherein: the ratio of the height of the building body to the length of the bottom edge is the golden section ratio.

4. The gravity energy storage system private building according to claim 2, wherein: the building main body is provided with a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer from top to bottom, the height of the bottom layer accounts for 30% of the total height of the building main body, the height of the top layer accounts for 20% of the total height of the building main body, and a plurality of storage layers are uniformly arranged on the middle layer.

5. The gravity energy storage system special purpose building according to claim 4, wherein: the crane for transferring and stacking the gravity blocks is arranged in the bottom layer, and the forklift for horizontally transferring the gravity blocks is arranged in the storage layer.

6. The gravity energy storage system special purpose building according to claim 5, wherein: the lifting mechanism comprises a controller, a lift car, a traction rope, a roller and a motor; one end of the traction rope is fixedly connected with the car, the other end of the traction rope is wound and connected with the roller, the roller is rotationally connected with the motor, and the controller is connected with the motor and used for controlling the working state of the motor.

7. The gravity energy storage system private building according to claim 6, wherein: the lifting mechanism is provided with a plurality of lifting mechanisms, the lifting mechanisms are all arranged in the elevator shaft in the center of the building body, and the roller and the motor are all arranged in a top-layer space right above the elevator shaft.

8. A pyramid-type gravity energy storage system using the special building according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: the system also comprises a plurality of gravity blocks and an electrical control system, wherein the electrical control system is connected with a controller of the lifting mechanism and controls the energy storage system to carry out charging and discharging operations according to the power grid dispatching signals; discharging is carried out when the load of the power grid is large, at the moment, the electric control system controls the lifting mechanism to execute descending operation, so that the gravity block is transported downwards, the motor achieves the function of a generator, and the electric control system rectifies the generated electric energy and then transmits the rectified electric energy to the power grid; when the load of the power grid is smaller, the electric control system controls the lifting mechanism to perform lifting operation, the gravity block is lifted to a storage layer appointed above, the motor achieves the function of an engine, and electric energy obtained from the power grid is converted into potential energy of the gravity block to be stored.

9. The pyramid-type gravity energy storage system according to claim 8, wherein: the size and the material of the gravity block are kept the same, a fork groove is formed in the bottom of the gravity block, and a hanging piece is arranged at the top of the gravity block.

10. A method for charging and discharging a gravity energy storage system, applied to the pyramid-type gravity energy storage system of claim 8, characterized in that: when the discharging operation is carried out, transferring the gravity blocks in a certain storage layer to the lift car through the forklift, then the lift car descends from the current storage layer to the bottom layer at the lowest part of the building main body, and transferring and stacking the gravity blocks through the crane or forklift in the bottom layer; when the charging operation is carried out, the gravity block in the bottom layer is firstly transferred into the lift car through the crane or the forklift, then the lift car lifts the gravity block to a set storage layer, and then the forklift transfers the gravity block to the storage layer; when discharging, the gravity blocks of different storage layers fall simultaneously or the gravity blocks of the same layer fall in batches according to a certain time interval, so that the pyramid-shaped gravity energy storage system can output stable power outwards.