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CN118532301A - Wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on quality relation - Google Patents

Wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on quality relation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118532301A
CN118532301A CN202410591503.4A CN202410591503A CN118532301A CN 118532301 A CN118532301 A CN 118532301A CN 202410591503 A CN202410591503 A CN 202410591503A CN 118532301 A CN118532301 A CN 118532301A
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blade
scaling
fan blade
model
similarity
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Inventor
张立军
崔旭东
张旭
王凯飞
刘世博
荆正军
鲁家惠
张伟健
张一帆
李佳璇
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China University of Petroleum East China
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Publication of CN118532301A publication Critical patent/CN118532301A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F03D17/001—Inspection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F03D17/009—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose
    • F03D17/015—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose for monitoring vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F03D17/027—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the component being monitored or tested
    • F03D17/028—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/06—Wind turbines or wind farms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08—Fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on a quality relation, which belongs to the technical field of wind power blades and comprises the following steps: acquiring the existing pneumatic similarity criterion, and obtaining a dimensionless number according to the existing pneumatic similarity criterion; acquiring a fan blade structure and a fan blade material, and deducing a mass center position formula and a mass distribution relation of a fan blade section; according to the blade vibration response test bed and the 3d printing size, the similarity ratio of the fan blade to the blade shrinkage ratio is formulated; obtaining a material of the blade contraction ratio according to the deduced similarity ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade; constructing a blade scaling model; the test method is used for testing the accuracy of the simulation result and comprises the following steps: carrying out a blade vibration response test on the blade scaling model by using a blade vibration response test bed; and comparing and analyzing the test frequency with the simulation frequency.

Description

Wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on quality relation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power blades, and particularly relates to a wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on a quality relation.
Background
In the field of wind power generation, the design and optimization of wind turbine blades are key links for improving wind energy conversion efficiency. With technological progress and increasing market demand, accurate prediction and verification of blade performance is particularly important. During service, the wind turbine blade is not only subjected to complex pneumatic loads, but also subjected to vibration, fatigue and extreme climatic conditions. In order to ensure the feasibility and reliability of blade design, wind tunnel tests performed under laboratory conditions are an indispensable segment. Especially in the aspect of exploring the aeroelastic stability and vibration characteristics of the blade, the manufacture of the wind tunnel test model and the setting of the similarity criteria thereof directly influence the effectiveness and accuracy of test data.
A series of similarity criteria are established based on a mature pneumatic similarity theory by a traditional wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test model manufacturing method. These criteria are largely expanded around hydrodynamic similarity, including but not limited to the determination of wind speed ratio, time ratio, and frequency ratio, which ensure correspondence of flow field characteristics between the scaling model and the prototype. In addition, for similarity of structural dynamic response, researchers have introduced concepts of density ratio and damping ratio to quantify how well model materials match prototype materials in terms of mass and energy dissipation characteristics. Structural motion similarity is achieved through mass ratios and stiffness ratios, and the similarity criteria provide a theoretical basis for ensuring that the model can reproduce the vibration modes of the prototype.
However, the prior art has a significant limitation in establishing the similarity criteria: the influence of the mass distribution on the aerodynamic properties and vibration properties of the blade is not fully considered. The mass distribution not only determines the gravity center position of the blade, but also directly influences the dynamic response characteristics of the blade, such as natural frequency, modal shape, vibration attenuation and the like. Neglecting this factor, it may lead to large deviations of the model in modeling the actual blade vibration behaviour, especially when studying the complex problem of the blade vibration behaviour interacting with the mass distribution, which is particularly disadvantageous. Inaccurate modeling of mass distribution may cause a series of chain reactions. For example, an unreasonable mass layout can change the natural frequency of the blade, affecting its dynamic response under wind load, and thus affecting the stability and life of the overall wind turbine system. In addition, the vibration characteristics of the blade are directly related to noise emission, fatigue life and power output efficiency, so that accurate simulation of mass distribution is of great significance to blade design optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criterion based on the mass relation, which solves the problems of unreasonable mass layout image blade natural vibration frequency and dynamic response thereof under the action of wind load in the traditional scaling criterion, and improves the stability and service life of blade design.
The invention is realized in the following way:
The invention provides a wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on a quality relation, wherein the construction method is used for constructing the blade scaling criterion and comprises the following steps:
S10, acquiring the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion, and obtaining the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade, namely the dimensionless number, according to the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion;
S11, acquiring fan blade data, wherein the fan blade data comprise a fan blade structure and fan blade materials, and deriving a mass center position formula and a mass distribution relation of a fan blade section by using the fan blade data;
S12, building a blade vibration response test bed, and according to the blade vibration response test bed and the 3d printing size, formulating a similarity ratio of the fan blade to the blade shrinkage ratio;
S13, obtaining a material of the blade contraction ratio according to the deduced similarity ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade;
S14, constructing a blade scaling model by utilizing the blade scaling material, the similarity ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade;
the test method is used for testing the accuracy of the simulation result and comprises the following steps:
S20, carrying out a blade vibration response test on the blade scaling model by using the blade vibration response test bed;
s21, comparing and analyzing the test frequency and the simulation frequency.
The scaling criterion construction method refers to a construction method of a blade scaling criterion;
The test technology specifically refers to that a blade scaling model is manufactured according to the constructed blade scaling criterion, and the vibration response characteristic of the model is measured through a blade vibration response test bed.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on the quality relation can be improved as follows:
Wherein the dimensionless number includes a Stokes number, a Reynolds number, a Froude number, and an Euler number.
Further, the dimensionless number is specifically:
the blade of the fan and the Stokes of the blade scaling model are equal in number and are used for enabling unsteady inertial forces to be similar;
the Reynolds numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model are equal, and the fan blade and the blade scaling model are used for enabling the viscosity force to be similar;
The fan blades and the blade scaling model have equal Froude numbers and are used for enabling the gravity action of fluid to be similar;
The Euler numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model are equal and are used for enabling inertia forces to be similar.
Further, the similarity ratio comprises the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion and the geometric similarity ratio, and the geometric similarity ratio comprises the mass distribution relation and the length similarity ratio.
The objective of the blade scaling criteria is to focus on mass distribution, centroid location, primarily to ensure similarity between different physical phenomena or systems in terms of key physical characteristics when analyzing and comparing them. The mass distribution determines how the mass inside the object is distributed, while the centroid position represents the geometric center of the mass of the object. Both factors have important effects on the state of motion, dynamics and interactions of the object. By focusing on the mass distribution and centroid location, the similarity criteria can more accurately assess the similarity between different phenomena or systems.
Further, the step S12 specifically includes:
dividing the section of the fan blade according to materials, dividing the same position of the materials into four areas, and respectively comprising a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area along the expanding direction of the blade;
Respectively calculating the mass center positions of the four areas, and calculating the relation between the mass center positions of the four areas and the mass center positions of the cross section of the fan blade;
and according to the relation of the centroid positions, the fact that the centroid positions of the third area and the cross section of the fan blade are close is obtained, the centroid positions of the areas are related to the shape of the cross section of the fan blade, and the areas are independent of density.
The first region corresponds to the front edge of the fan blade, the second region corresponds to the front edge shell, the rear edge shell and the web plate of the fan blade, the third region corresponds to the main beam of the fan blade, and the fourth region corresponds to the rear edge of the fan blade.
Further, the length similarity ratio is specifically a length ratio of the fan blade to the blade scaling model, which is: 200:1.
Considering the size of the blade vibration response test bed, the length similarity ratio of the blade scaling model is 200:1.
Further, the blade vibration response test stand comprises a blade scaling model, a supporting piece, an acceleration sensor, a force hammer, a charge adapter and a data acquisition instrument, wherein the supporting piece is used for fixedly supporting the blade scaling model, one end of the blade scaling model is fixedly connected with the supporting piece, the other end of the blade scaling model is provided with the acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is electrically connected with the charge adapter, one end of the charge adapter is electrically connected with the force sensor, and the other end of the charge adapter is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument.
Further, the step S20 specifically includes:
step 1, fixing the root of the blade scaling model to the support piece, and fixing the acceleration sensor at 5 positions of the expanding direction of the blade scaling model in a adhering manner;
And 2, amplifying the electric signal in the charge adapter, transmitting the electric signal to the data acquisition instrument to convert the electric signal into a digital signal, and transmitting the digital signal to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus).
Further, in the step 1,5 positions of the vane scaling model in the spanwise direction are equidistantly arranged.
Furthermore, the blade material is selected from PLA material.
The selection of the blade material mainly takes the structural rigidity required by the blade vibration test and the limitation of the type of 3d printing material into consideration, so that the PLA material is selected. PLA polylactic acid, also called polylactide, refers to a polyester polymer obtained by polymerizing lactic acid as a main raw material.
Compared with the prior art, the wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on the quality relation has the beneficial effects that:
Innovation of technical principle:
The core of the invention is the comprehensive similarity criterion system. The traditional wind tunnel model test is often focused on matching of geometric similarity and hydrodynamic parameters, and the invention integrates multidimensional similarity requirements such as material properties, boundary conditions, working environments, vital quality distribution and the like. This means that the model is not only consistent in shape with the prototype, but also achieves deep similarity in physical properties, including but not limited to modulus of elasticity, density, damping properties of the material, and dynamic response of the blade under different operating conditions. By comprehensively considering the factors, the model can be manufactured and tested to more accurately map the aeroelasticity performance of the prototype blade in the real environment;
the accuracy and the reliability of the test are improved:
The test method based on the comprehensive similarity criterion remarkably improves the accuracy and reliability of the test result. In the past, the model neglecting factors such as mass distribution and the like often cannot accurately simulate the vibration response of the blade under complex aerodynamic load, but the method ensures that the scaled model is highly similar to the prototype blade in key physical characteristics by accurately controlling the mass distribution and the mass center position. The method not only reduces errors caused by model simplification, but also enables the test result to reflect the real performance of the blade, and provides solid data support for vibration characteristic analysis, fatigue life prediction and optimization design of the blade;
Flexible adaptability and broad applicability:
The test method of the present invention exhibits extremely high flexibility and wide applicability. According to different blade types, use environments and test targets, researchers can flexibly select and adjust similar criteria, and a model is built in a customized mode. The flexibility not only enables the method to be effectively applied to various wind turbine blades from land to sea, from small to large and the like, but also promotes the research on the performance of the blade in special environments (such as extreme climate conditions), and greatly widens the application range of the method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a blade cross-section centroid position in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment scaled blade configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary view of a blade vibration response test stand according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing frequency comparison between experiments and simulations of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a wind tunnel test device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. A vane scaling model; 2. a support; 3. an acceleration sensor; 4. a force sensor; 5. a force hammer; 6. a charge adaption device; 7. and a data acquisition instrument.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for constructing and testing a wind turbine blade scaling criterion based on a quality relationship according to the present invention is shown, where in this embodiment, the method for constructing the blade scaling criterion includes the following steps:
S10, acquiring the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion, and obtaining the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade, namely the dimensionless number, according to the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion;
S11, acquiring fan blade data, wherein the fan blade data comprises a fan blade structure and a fan blade material, and deriving a mass center position formula and a mass distribution relation of a fan blade section by using the fan blade data;
S12, building a blade vibration response test bed, and according to the blade vibration response test bed and the 3d printing size, formulating a similarity ratio of the fan blade to the blade shrinkage ratio;
S13, obtaining a material of the blade contraction ratio according to the deduced similarity ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade;
S14, constructing a blade scaling model 1 by utilizing the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade scaling material, the similarity ratio and the fan blade;
The test method is used for testing the accuracy of the simulation result and comprises the following steps:
s20, carrying out a blade vibration response test on the blade scaling model 1 by using a blade vibration response test bed;
s21, comparing and analyzing the test frequency and the simulation frequency.
Firstly, deducing a reasonable simplified similarity criterion of a wind turbine blade aeroelastic model based on motion equivalence; then, a variable gradual equivalent cross section method is provided to design a high-precision special-shaped cross section of the equivalent wind power blade model, and the pneumatic-rigidity-mass scale mapping of the blade pneumatic-elastic model is realized; finally, the aeroelastic model frame section is obtained by means of high-precision 3D printing, and then the aeroelastic model frame section/coat manufacturing is completed by connecting rib single-point splicing full-length models, filling balsawood plates for polishing coats in hollowed areas, pasting weight lead plates on the rear edges, pasting rough strips on the front edges and filling sponge in gaps.
In the above technical solution, the dimensionless number includes a stara number, a reynolds number, a friedel number, and an euler number.
The aerodynamic characteristics of the blade refer to the performance characteristics of the blade in the gas flow, and the starfish number, the reynolds number, the friedel number and the euler number considered in the invention respectively reflect the characteristics of vortex, viscosity, inertia and the like in the gas flow process. The method comprises the following steps:
Stlaohad number: the Stouhadex number is a dimensionless number describing periodic phenomena in the fluid (such as vortex shedding). It is defined as the ratio of the frequency of the periodic phenomenon to the fluid flow velocity and characteristic length. The Stouhadex number can be used to predict vortex shedding frequency in flow, which is important in engineering applications such as vibration analysis of bridges, building structures.
Reynolds number: the reynolds number is a dimensionless number describing the state of fluid flow (laminar or turbulent). It is defined as the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous force of a fluid, and is generally expressed as the ratio of the fluid velocity, characteristic length, and dynamic viscosity. At lower reynolds numbers, the flow tends to be laminar; at higher reynolds numbers, the flow tends to be turbulent. The reynolds number is a key parameter in understanding and predicting the fluid flow characteristics.
Froude number: the froude number is a dimensionless number describing the ratio of inertial force to gravitational force in fluid flow. It is commonly used to analyze free surface flows such as water surface waves, flood waves, and the like. The Froude number can influence the stability and waveform of the flow, and has important significance for ship design and ocean engineering.
Euler number: euler number is a dimensionless number describing the ratio of pressure energy to kinetic energy in a fluid flow. It is also referred to in some documents as the energy head or total pressure coefficient. Euler numbers can be used to analyze energy conversion and loss of fluid flow, which is important to understanding the performance of fluid machines such as pumps and compressors.
Further, in the above technical solution, the dimensionless number is specifically:
the fan blade and the blade scaling model 1 have the same Stokes and are used for making unsteady inertia force similar;
the Reynolds numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model 1 are equal, and the fan blade and the blade scaling model are used for making the viscosity force similar;
the Froude numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model 1 are equal, so that the gravity action of the fluid is similar;
the euler numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model 1 are equal for making the inertial forces similar.
Further, in the above technical solution, the similarity ratio includes an existing pneumatic similarity criterion and a geometric similarity ratio, and the geometric similarity ratio includes a mass distribution relationship and a length similarity ratio.
Further, in the above technical solution, step S12 specifically includes:
dividing the section of the fan blade according to materials, dividing the same position of the materials into four areas, and respectively comprising a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area along the expanding direction of the blade;
Respectively calculating the mass center positions of the four areas, and calculating the relation between the mass center positions of the four areas and the mass center positions of the cross section of the fan blade;
and according to the relation of the centroid positions, the fact that the centroid positions of the third area and the cross section of the fan blade are close is obtained, the centroid positions of the areas are related to the shape of the cross section of the fan blade, and the areas are unrelated to the density.
Further, in the above technical solution, the length similarity ratio is specifically a length ratio of a fan blade to a blade scaling model 1, which is: 200:1.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the blade vibration response test stand comprises a blade scaling model 1, a supporting piece 2, an acceleration sensor 3, a force sensor 4, a force hammer 5, a charge adapter 6 and a data acquisition instrument 7, wherein the supporting piece 2 is used for fixedly supporting the blade scaling model 1, one end of the blade scaling model 1 is fixedly connected with the supporting piece 2, the other end of the blade scaling model is provided with the acceleration sensor 3, the acceleration sensor 3 is electrically connected with the charge adapter 6, one end of the charge adapter 6 is electrically connected with the force sensor 4, and the other end of the charge adapter is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument 7.
Further, in the above technical solution, the step S20 specifically includes:
Step 1, fixing the root of a blade scaling model 1 to a support 2, and fixing an acceleration sensor 3 at 5 positions of the blade scaling model 1 in the expanding direction in an adhesion manner;
And 2, amplifying the electric signal in the charge adapter 6, transmitting the electric signal to the data acquisition instrument 7 to convert the electric signal into a digital signal, and transmitting the digital signal to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) line.
Further, in the above technical scheme, in step 1, 5 positions of the vane scaling model 1 in the spanwise direction are equidistantly arranged.
Furthermore, in the above technical scheme, the blade material is selected from PLA material.
Example two
According to the second embodiment of the wind power blade scaling rule construction and test method based on the quality relation, reynolds numbers are required to be considered to be equal in self-modulus, froude numbers and Stokes numbers during blade scaling in the embodiment.
The fluid motion is similar to the concrete: the air in the flow field where the wind turbine blade is positioned is a low-speed incompressible Newton viscous flow, and the fluid motion equation is as follows:
Wherein x i is the principal axis direction of a first coordinate system of the Laplacian in the generalized expression of the fluid motion equation; x j is the direction of the principal axis of the second coordinate system of the laplace operator in the generalized expression of the fluid motion equation, wherein i, j=1, 2,3 are the serial numbers of the coordinate system; u i is the fluid motion velocity component in the x, y, z direction of the first rectangular coordinate system; u j is the fluid motion velocity component in the x, y, z direction of the second rectangular coordinate system; t is time; f i is the external force of the fluid in the x, y and z directions of the rectangular coordinate system; ρ is the air density; p is pressure; v is the dynamic viscosity of the air, Μ is the kinematic viscosity of air; x, y and z are respectively three main axes of a rectangular coordinate system;
Reference symbol lambda x denotes the ratio of X m of the model to X a of the object, i.e Wherein X m is the value of the model variable X; x a is the value of the actual variable X.
T represents prototype time, l represents prototype geometry, u represents prototype speed, f represents prototype additional external force, v represents prototype dynamic viscosity, P represents pressure, ρ represents prototype density, and λ t、λl、λu、λf、λv and λ ρ are the ratios of time, geometry, speed, additional external force, dynamic viscosity, and density, respectively, and are constants. The relationship between the prototype and model physical quantities and the equation of motion of the fluid can be expressed by the following equation:
Variables with x are model variables, prototype variables without x;
Specifically, t * represents model variable time, u * represents prototype speed, f * represents prototype additional external force, v * represents prototype dynamic viscosity, and ρ * represents prototype density; is a model variable in the direction of the principal axis of the second coordinate system; j has no special meaning, and only represents a second coordinate system of the Laplacian in the generalized expression of the fluid motion equation; Fluid motion velocity components of the model in the x, y and z directions of the second rectangular coordinate system;
multiplying all terms of (2) Obtaining:
to ensure similarity of prototype and model fluid movements, the ratio of physical quantities should be:
thus, the wind turbine blade aeroelastic wind tunnel test fluid motion similarity criterion is dimensionless parameter:
I.e.
St is the Stokes number, if the Stokes numbers of the two flows are equal, the unsteady inertial forces of the fluids are similar; for periodic unsteady flow, reflecting the periodic similarity;
I.e.
Re is the Reynolds number; if the Reynolds numbers of the two flows are equal, the viscous forces of the fluids are similar; for turbulent flow with larger Reynolds number, inertia force plays a dominant role, and viscous force is relatively smaller;
I.e.
Fr is the Buddha number; if the Buddha numbers of the two flows are equal, the gravity action of the flows is similar, and the action of the gravity on the fluid is reflected; if the mass force of the fluid is gravity, f=f * =g, g is the earth gravity acceleration;
Then:
I.e.
Eu is Euler number.
In addition to dynamic similarity, part of research needs to consider the influence of mass distribution on the blade on the vibration characteristics of the blade, so that the blade similarity criterion constructed by the invention focuses on the mass ratio, and the mass center of the scaled blade is kept unchanged relative to the mass center of the original blade.
In the airfoil structure of a fan blade, the centroid coordinates (x 0,y0) within the section D are calculated as follows:
Where ρ (x, y) is the density of the location. The density of the NREL 15MW blade material is constant, dividing the same location of the material into four regions (I, II, III, IV), as shown in FIG. 2. The centroid positions of the regions are O 1、O2、O3、O4, respectively, and the centroid coordinates in the cross-section regions D i (i=1, 2,3, 4) are calculated as follows:
The centroid position of each region is related only to the cross-sectional shape and not to the density. The relationship between the four area centroids O i and the cross-section centroid O is established as follows:
From the above equation, the position of the centroid O i is directly related to the mass of each region, and the thickness and density of the main beam position in the region iii are the largest, so the centroid position O is close to O 3. Compared with the carbon fiber material of the main beam, the PVC material of the front and rear edge shells and the main beam has extremely small density and larger thickness, but has smaller influence on the position of the mass center. The front and rear edge areas are made of GFRP materials, the density is higher, but the cross-section area is smaller, so that the influence on the position of the mass center is small. Through the analysis, the scaling model of the research reserves the girder-web structure of the red dotted line area (namely area III) of the figure 2, ensures that the mass center position of each section is basically unchanged, and the material of the blade scaling model is basically irrelevant to the mass center position. A cantilever beam with one fixed end is structurally arranged on the wind turbine blade, and PLA materials with higher strength are selected to ensure that the deformation of the model is smaller after the acceleration sensor is installed. Considering the size of the test bed, the length similarity ratio of the vane scaling model is 200:1. the vane structure used for the test in this study is shown in fig. 3, except the main beam-web model (a), a vane hollow model (b) and solid models (c, d, e) are introduced for comparison, the filling of the solid models (c), (d), and (e) are respectively 15%, 50%, and 85%, and the mass of each model is measured by an electronic scale. The simulation result accuracy is verified by comparing the five models in fig. 3 with the simulation model result, and the scaling model simplification method is studied.
The scaled blade model test device constructed by the similarity criteria of the invention is shown in fig. 4, and is used for testing the accuracy of simulation results and researching a scaled model simplification method.
The testing method comprises the following specific steps: the root of the blade scaling model is fixed, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is adhered and fixed on the blade, and the deformation is converted into an electric signal based on the piezoelectric effect in the vibration process of the blade. The electric signal is amplified in the charge adapter, transferred to the data acquisition instrument and converted into a digital signal, and then transmitted to the computer through the USB line. The mass of the acceleration sensor in the test can generate great error, the acceleration sensor is used as a mass increment, and the acceleration sensor is adhered and fixed at 5 positions (0.15R, 0.35R, 0.55R, 0.75R and 0.95R) in the spanwise direction in the figure 3, so that the error is eliminated, and the influence of the spanwise mass distribution of the blade on the vibration characteristic can be studied. The vibration signal of the acceleration sensor installed at the 0.95R spanwise direction of the model (e) is shown in fig. 4, and the time domain signal is subjected to Fourier transformation to obtain a frequency domain signal. And changing the position of the acceleration sensor in the model spreading direction to obtain a frequency domain response signal.
The simulation model shown in fig. 5 (taking the example that the acceleration sensor is installed at the position of 0.95R of the scaling model (e)) is constructed, standard earth gravity is set, the blade root is fixedly supported, the acceleration sensor at the blade tip is set to be close to steel material of a rigid body, and the density is changed to be the same as the mass of an actual sensor. The blade is provided as PLA material. The mass of the models (a), (b), and (e) is 8.2g, 17.9g, and 111.8g, respectively, and the mass difference from the actual scaled model is derived from the filling rate, interlayer gap, and the like of the 3D printing. As can be seen from fig. 5, the trend of the test and the simulation is substantially the same, and the numerical deviation mainly originates from the model quality difference.
The scaled blade model constructed based on the above similarity criteria can be used for wind tunnel test as shown in fig. 6, and the scaled blade can perform aeroelastic coupling flutter research due to consideration of aerodynamic and structural similarity. The aerodynamic profile of regions I, II, IV is preserved, and the thickness of each region is reduced as much as possible so that the blade centroid remains near the centroid of region III. In order to observe the flutter phenomenon of the blades, the TPU material is adopted to print the blades and is used for wind tunnel tests, and the test can observe the flutter form and critical flutter speed of the scaled blades.
Specifically, the principle of the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a scaling criterion construction method and test technique for researching the relationship between the vibration characteristic and the quality of wind power blades, which is characterized by innovatively combining a similarity theory and an experimental test technique, the method provides an efficient and economical solution for researching the vibration characteristics of the blade in engineering practice, and greatly reduces experimental cost and time while maintaining key vibration characteristics by constructing a scaling model similar to an actual blade. Meanwhile, by strictly following the similarity criteria, the scaling model is ensured to be highly similar to the actual blade in the aspects of geometry, materials, mass distribution and the like, so that the vibration behavior of the actual blade is accurately simulated. Secondly, the innovation of the test method is also the key of the invention. Through reasonable design of the test scheme, excitation conditions in the actual working environment are simulated, and vibration response data of the scaling model are effectively obtained.

Claims (10)

1. The wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on the quality relation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S10, acquiring the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion, and obtaining the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade, namely the dimensionless number, according to the existing aerodynamic similarity criterion;
S11, acquiring fan blade data, wherein the fan blade data comprise a fan blade structure and fan blade materials, and deriving a mass center position formula and a mass distribution relation of a fan blade section by using the fan blade data;
S12, building a blade vibration response test bed, and according to the blade vibration response test bed and the 3d printing size, formulating a similarity ratio of the fan blade to the blade shrinkage ratio;
S13, obtaining a material of the blade contraction ratio according to the deduced similarity ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade;
s14, constructing a blade scaling model (1) by utilizing the blade scaling material, the similarity ratio and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade;
the test method is used for testing the accuracy of the simulation result and comprises the following steps:
s20, carrying out a blade vibration response test on the blade scaling model (1) by using the blade vibration response test bed;
s21, comparing and analyzing the test frequency and the simulation frequency.
2. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criteria based on the quality relation according to claim 1, wherein the dimensionless numbers comprise a Stokes number, a Reynolds number, a Froude number and an Euler number.
3. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criterion based on the quality relation according to claim 2, wherein the dimensionless number is specifically:
The fan blade and the blade scaling model (1) have equal Stokes and are used for enabling unsteady inertial forces to be similar;
the Reynolds numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model (1) are equal, and the fan blade and the blade scaling model are used for enabling the viscosity force to be similar;
The fan blades and the blade scaling model (1) have equal Froude numbers and are used for making the gravity action of fluid similar;
The Euler numbers of the fan blade and the blade scaling model (1) are equal, and the fan blade and the blade scaling model are used for enabling inertia forces to be similar.
4. A method for constructing and testing a wind turbine blade scaling criterion based on a mass relationship according to claim 3, wherein the similarity ratio comprises an existing aerodynamic similarity criterion and a geometric similarity ratio, and the geometric similarity ratio comprises a mass distribution relationship and a length similarity ratio.
5. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criteria based on the quality relation according to claim 4, wherein the step S12 specifically includes:
dividing the section of the fan blade according to materials, dividing the same position of the materials into four areas, and respectively comprising a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area along the expanding direction of the blade;
Respectively calculating the mass center positions of the four areas, and calculating the relation between the mass center positions of the four areas and the mass center positions of the cross section of the fan blade;
and according to the relation of the centroid positions, the fact that the centroid positions of the third area and the cross section of the fan blade are close is obtained, the centroid positions of the areas are related to the shape of the cross section of the fan blade, and the areas are independent of density.
6. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criterion based on the quality relation according to claim 5, wherein the length similarity ratio is specifically a length ratio of the fan blade to the blade scaling model (1) as follows: 200:1.
7. The wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on the mass relation according to claim 6, wherein the blade vibration response test bed comprises a blade scaling model (1), a support (2), an acceleration sensor (3), a force sensor (4), a force hammer (5), a charge adapter (6) and a data acquisition instrument (7), wherein the support (2) is used for fixedly supporting the blade scaling model (1), one end of the blade scaling model (1) is fixedly connected with the support (2), the acceleration sensor (3) is arranged at the other end of the blade scaling model, the acceleration sensor (3) is electrically connected with the charge adapter (6), one end of the charge adapter (6) is electrically connected with the force sensor (4), and the other end of the charge adapter (6) is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument (7).
8. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criteria based on the quality relation according to claim 7, wherein the step S20 specifically comprises:
step 1, fixing the root of the blade scaling model (1) to the support (2), and adhering and fixing the acceleration sensor (3) at 5 positions of the spanwise direction of the blade scaling model (1);
And 2, amplifying the electric signal in the charge adapter (6), transmitting the electric signal to the data acquisition instrument (7) to convert the electric signal into a digital signal, and transmitting the digital signal to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus).
9. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criterion based on the quality relation according to claim 8, wherein in the step 1, 5 positions of the blade scaling model (1) in the spanwise direction are equidistantly arranged.
10. The method for constructing and testing the wind power blade scaling criteria based on the quality relation according to claim 9, wherein the blade material is PLA material.
CN202410591503.4A 2024-05-14 2024-05-14 Wind power blade scaling criterion construction and test method based on quality relation Pending CN118532301A (en)

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