CN118523640B - Piezoelectric energy collection circuit and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Piezoelectric energy collection circuit and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN118523640B CN118523640B CN202410320993.4A CN202410320993A CN118523640B CN 118523640 B CN118523640 B CN 118523640B CN 202410320993 A CN202410320993 A CN 202410320993A CN 118523640 B CN118523640 B CN 118523640B
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
A piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit and an electronic device, comprising: the input end of the synchronous switch transformer is connected with at least one piezoelectric generator, and the synchronous switch transformer is used for collecting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric generator; the rectification circuit is connected with the output end of the synchronous switch transformer and used for rectifying the electric energy collected by the synchronous switch transformer into direct current; the input end of the resonance circuit is connected with the output end of the rectification circuit, the resonance circuit is used for temporarily storing the electric energy rectified by the rectification circuit, and the circuit structure is relatively simple by the design of the synchronous switch transformer, the rectification circuit and the resonance circuit, so that the reliability and the stability of the system are improved; the circuit design supports the connection of multiple piezoelectric generators, effectively harvesting energy from multiple vibration sources through the cooperative operation of a transformer and multiple power receiving components.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of electric energy collection and conversion, and particularly relates to a piezoelectric energy collection circuit and electronic equipment.
Background
Currently, with the progress of technology, piezoelectric generators are widely used in various fields. However, difficulties with piezoelectric generator energy harvesting circuits are related to rectifying, maximum power point tracking, and handling piezoelectric generator capacitive output impedance issues. Particularly at low frequencies, how to collect such low voltage signals efficiently remains a problem to be solved.
The synchronous switching technology adopted in the related art mainly comprises an inductance synchronous switching technology and a synchronous charge extraction technology. However, the inductive synchronous switching technique needs to be matched with the load, so that the maximum power point tracking circuit needs to be added, the complexity of the circuit is increased, and the output power of the synchronous charge extraction technique is lower than that of the inductive synchronous switching technique, so that the output power of the synchronous charge extraction technique is lower in applicability to low-voltage signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a piezoelectric energy collection circuit and electronic equipment, and aims to solve the problem of low collection efficiency of a traditional low-voltage signal.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a piezoelectric energy collection circuit, including: the input end of the synchronous switch transformer is connected with at least one piezoelectric generator, and the synchronous switch transformer is used for collecting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric generator; the rectification circuit is connected with the output end of the synchronous switch transformer and used for rectifying the electric energy collected by the synchronous switch transformer into direct current; and the input end of the resonance circuit is connected with the output end of the rectification circuit, and the resonance circuit is used for temporarily storing the electric energy rectified by the rectification circuit.
In one embodiment, the synchronous switching transformer includes a power receiving assembly, the power receiving assembly including: the first triode, the second triode, the third triode, the fourth triode and the first capacitor; the base electrode of the first triode is connected with the first output end of the piezoelectric generator, the emitter electrode of the first triode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, the base electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the collector electrode of the second triode, and the emitter electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the emitter electrode of the third triode; the base electrode of the second triode is connected with the first output end of the piezoelectric generator, the emitter electrode of the second triode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1, the base electrode of the third triode is connected with the collector electrode of the first triode, and the emitter electrode of the third triode is connected with the emitter electrode of the fourth triode; the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the second output end of the piezoelectric generator.
In one embodiment, the first triode and the fourth triode are PNP type triodes; the second triode and the third triode are NPN type triodes.
In one embodiment, the synchronous switching transformer further comprises a transformer, wherein the transformer comprises a first inductor and a second inductor; the first end of the first inductor is connected with the emitter of the third triode, the second end of the first inductor is connected with the second output end of the piezoelectric generator, and the output end of the second inductor is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit.
In one embodiment, when the input end of the synchronous switching transformer is connected to a plurality of piezoelectric generators, the synchronous switching transformer includes a plurality of power receiving components, and the number of the power receiving components is the same as the number of the piezoelectric generators.
In one embodiment, the rectifying circuit includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, and a first diode; the drain electrode of the first transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the first transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the first transistor is connected with the anode of the first diode; the drain electrode of the second transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the second transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the second transistor is connected with the anode of the first diode; the drain electrode of the third transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the third transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the third transistor is grounded; the drain electrode of the fourth transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the fourth transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the fourth transistor is grounded.
In one embodiment, the resonant circuit includes a third inductor, a second capacitor, a fifth transistor, a second diode and a filter capacitor, where a first end of the third inductor is connected to a cathode of the first diode, and a second end of the third inductor is connected to a drain of the fifth transistor; the grid electrode of the fifth transistor is connected with the cathode of the first diode, and the source electrode of the fifth transistor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor; the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first diode; the anode of the second diode is connected with the second end of the third inductor; the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first end of the filter capacitor; the second end of the filter capacitor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
In one embodiment, the rectifying circuit is further configured to rectify the alternating voltage from the second inductor into direct current, and temporarily store the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric generator in the second capacitor.
In one embodiment, the piezoelectric energy collection circuit further comprises a load circuit, wherein the load circuit comprises a load resistor, and the load resistor is connected with a filter capacitor of the resonant circuit in parallel; the resonance circuit is also used for temporarily storing the electric energy rectified by the rectification circuit in the second capacitor through the fifth transistor, the second diode and the third inductor, and transferring the electric energy temporarily stored in the second capacitor to the load resistor.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the application provides an electronic device comprising at least one piezoelectric generator and a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: through synchronous switch transformer, rectifier circuit and resonant circuit's synergism, can collect, rectify and store the electric energy effectively from piezoelectric generator, adopt synchronous switch transformer, rectifier circuit and resonant circuit's design, circuit structure is relatively simple, helps improving the reliability of system and stability circuit design support the connection of a plurality of piezoelectric generator, through transformer and a plurality of electric energy receiving element's collaborative work, collects the energy effectively from a plurality of vibration sources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a specific circuit diagram of a piezoelectric generator in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a voltage converting circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage converting circuit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device module according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
According to the piezoelectric energy collection circuit and the electronic device, through the synergistic effect of the synchronous switching transformer, the rectifying circuit and the resonant circuit, electric energy can be effectively collected, rectified and stored from the piezoelectric generator, the design of the synchronous switching transformer, the rectifying circuit and the resonant circuit is adopted, the circuit structure is relatively simple, the reliability of a system is improved, the design of the stability circuit is facilitated, the connection of a plurality of piezoelectric generators is supported, and the energy is effectively collected from a plurality of vibration sources through the synergistic effect of the transformer and a plurality of electric energy receiving assemblies.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric generator 100 in the related art. As shown in fig. 1, a specific circuit diagram of a piezoelectric generator 100. As shown in fig. 1, the piezoelectric generator 100 includes: current Ip, capacitance Cp and resistance Rp.
Wherein the current Ip, the capacitance Cp and the resistance Rp are connected in parallel with each other. The current Ip is a current in the piezoelectric generator 100, and the current direction thereof is shown by an arrow in the figure, and is a current generated by the piezoelectric generator 100 by the piezoelectric effect. The capacitance Cp represents the capacitance in the piezoelectric generator 100. The capacitor Cp is used with the piezoelectric element in the piezoelectric generator 100 for storing charge or smoothing current. Resistor RP is used to control the current, voltage and power in piezoelectric generator 100 to avoid overload of capacitor Cp.
It will be appreciated that piezoelectric generator 100 is capable of converting mechanical vibrations or pressure changes into a current output through the synergistic action of these components.
It will be appreciated that for a conventional double synchronous switched inductor (Double Synchronized SWITCH HARVESTING, DSSH) circuit, the first switch remains off until the piezoelectric generator current Ip transitions from positive to negative and passes through zero. At this time, the current Ip output from the piezoelectric generator naturally charges the internal capacitance Cp. When the current Ip passes through the zero point, the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed. This causes the charge on the capacitance Cp to return to the internal capacitance Cp of the piezoelectric generator through the switch one and DSSH circuit. The purpose of this step is to invert the voltage of the capacitor Cp and transfer the stored charge to a temporary storage capacitor in the DSSH circuit. When the current drops to zero through the inductance of DSSH, switch one is closed and switch two is open. At this stage, charge is transferred from the capacitance of the DSSH circuit to the inductance of the DSSH circuit. This process continues until the charge in the capacitance of the DSSH circuit is completely transferred. When the voltage of the capacitance of the DSSH circuit drops to zero, switch two closes. At this point, the energy in the inductance of the DSSH circuit is discharged through the diode onto the load. However, the circuit needs to control the switch I and the switch II, so that the circuit has larger power consumption and is not suitable for a low-voltage piezoelectric generator.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 2, the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 includes a synchronous switching transformer 210, a rectifier circuit 220, a resonant circuit 230, and a load circuit 240, and the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 is connected to the piezoelectric generator 100.
In the embodiment of the present application, the input end of the synchronous switching transformer 210 is connected to at least one piezoelectric generator 100, and the synchronous switching transformer 210 is used for collecting the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric generator 100.
In the embodiment of the present application, the rectifying circuit 220 is connected to the output end of the synchronous switching transformer 210, and the rectifying circuit 220 is used for rectifying the electric energy collected by the synchronous switching transformer 210 into direct current.
In the embodiment of the present application, the input end of the resonant circuit 230 is connected to the output end of the rectifying circuit 220, and the resonant circuit 230 is used for temporarily storing the electric energy rectified by the rectifying circuit 220.
In the embodiment of the present application, the load circuit 240 is connected to the output terminal of the resonant circuit 230, and the resonant circuit 230 is further configured to transfer the temporarily stored electrical energy into the load circuit 240.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the input terminal of the synchronous switching transformer 210 is connected to the plurality of piezoelectric generators 100, the synchronous switching transformer 210 includes a plurality of power receiving components 211, and the number of the power receiving components 211 is the same as the number of the piezoelectric generators 100.
Fig. 3 shows a specific circuit diagram of the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the present application, and for convenience of explanation, only the portions related to this embodiment are shown in detail as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the synchronous switching transformer 210 includes a power receiving component 211 and a transformer 212. The power receiving assembly 211 includes: the first triode Q1, the second triode Q2, the third triode Q3, the fourth triode Q4 and the first capacitor C1. The transformer 212 includes a first inductance L1 and a second inductance L2.
In the embodiment of the application, a base electrode of a first triode Q1 is connected with a first output end of the piezoelectric generator 100, an emitter electrode of a first triode Q2 is connected with a first end of a first capacitor C1, a base electrode of a fourth triode Q4 is connected with a collector electrode of a second triode Q2, and an emitter electrode of the fourth triode Q4 is connected with an emitter electrode of a third triode Q4; the base of the second triode Q2 is connected with the first output end of the piezoelectric generator 100, the emitter of the second triode Q2 is connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1, the base of the third triode Q3 is connected with the collector of the first triode Q1, the emitter of the third triode Q3 is connected with the emitter of the fourth triode Q4, and the second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the second output end of the piezoelectric generator 100.
In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 is one twentieth of Cp.
In the embodiment of the present application, the synchronous switching transformer 210 further includes a transformer 212, where the transformer includes a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2, a first end of the first inductor L1 is connected to an emitter of the third triode Q3, a second end of the first inductor L1 is connected to a second output end of the piezoelectric generator 100, and an output end of the second inductor L2 is connected to an input end of the rectifying circuit 220.
It is understood that the first transistor Q1 and the fourth transistor Q4 are PNP transistors, and the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3 are NPN transistors.
As shown in fig. 3, the rectifying circuit 220 includes a first transistor M1, a second transistor M2, a third transistor M3, a fourth transistor M4, and a first diode D1. The drain of the first transistor M1 is connected to the first end of the second inductor L2, the gate of the first transistor M1 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2, and the source of the first transistor M1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1.
In the embodiment of the application, the drain electrode of the second transistor M2 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2, the gate electrode of the second transistor M2 is connected to the first end of the second inductor L2, and the source electrode of the second transistor M2 is connected to the anode electrode of the first diode D1.
In the embodiment of the application, the drain of the third transistor M3 is connected to the first end of the second inductor L2, the gate of the third transistor M3 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2, and the source of the third transistor M3 is grounded.
In the embodiment of the present application, the drain electrode of the fourth transistor M4 is connected to the second end of the second inductor L2, the gate electrode of the fourth transistor M4 is connected to the first end of the second inductor L2, and the source electrode of the fourth transistor M4 is grounded.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first transistor M1 and the second transistor M2 are PMOS transistors, and the third transistor M3 and the fourth transistor M4 are NMOS transistors.
As shown in fig. 3, the resonant circuit 230 includes a third inductor L3, a second capacitor C2, a fifth transistor M5, a second diode D2, and a filter capacitor CL.
In the embodiment of the application, a first end of the third inductor L3 is connected with the cathode of the first diode D1, and a second end of the third inductor L3 is connected with the drain of the fifth transistor M5; the grid electrode of the fifth transistor M5 is connected with the cathode of the first diode D1, and the source electrode of the fifth transistor M5 is connected with the second end of the second capacitor C2; the first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of the first diode D1; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the second end of the third inductor L3; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with the first end of the filter capacitor CL; the second terminal of the filter capacitor CL is connected to the second terminal of the second capacitor C2.
In the embodiment of the present application, the rectifying circuit 220 is further configured to rectify the alternating voltage from the second inductor L2 into direct current, and temporarily store the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric generator 100 in the second capacitor C2.
As shown in fig. 3, the piezoelectric energy collection circuit further includes a load circuit 240, and the load circuit 240 includes a load resistor RL, and the load resistor RL is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor CL of the resonant circuit 230.
In the embodiment of the present application, the resonant circuit 230 is further configured to temporarily store the electric energy rectified by the rectifying circuit 220 in the second capacitor through the fifth transistor M5, the second diode D2 and the third inductor L3, and transfer the electric energy temporarily stored in the second capacitor C2 to the load resistor RL.
In the embodiment of the present application, the fifth transistor M5 is an NMOS transistor.
In the embodiment of the present application, the working principle of the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 includes four main phases, namely, a current charging phase, a piezoelectric voltage flipping phase, an energy temporary storage phase, and a temporary energy storage transfer to a load phase.
In an embodiment of the application, the operation of the piezoelectric generator begins before the current Ip changes from positive to negative and crosses zero. In this process, a current Ip is generated by the piezoelectric effect, the direction of which is indicated by the arrow in the figure. At this time, the base-emitter of the transistor Q2 is turned on, so that the current Ip output from the piezoelectric generator 100 naturally charges the internal capacitance Cp. So that Ip charges the smaller capacitor C1 at the same time, it is worth noting that since the capacitance of the capacitor C1 is only 1/20 of Cp, relatively little energy is consumed in this stage.
In the embodiment of the present application, the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 enters the piezoelectric voltage inversion phase when the current Ip of the piezoelectric generator 100 changes from positive to negative and passes through the zero point in the piezoelectric voltage inversion phase. At this point, the capacitor Cp starts to discharge, and the charge of the first capacitor C1 is held. At this time, the first transistor Q1 is turned on, and then the third transistor Q3 is also turned on, so as to form a first resonant cavity. Including a capacitor Cp, a transistor Q3, an inductor L1, and a capacitor Cp. This cavity is formed such that the energy stored in the capacitance Cp is effectively transferred into the first inductance L1.
It will be appreciated that the output current of the piezoelectric generator 100 induces resonance in the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200, causing charge to flow from the capacitor Cp to the first inductance L1 and back again to the capacitor Cp. This resonance mechanism helps to effectively capture and transfer energy in the vibrational energy source. The electric charge generated in the vibration of the piezoelectric generator 100 can be utilized to the maximum extent, and the efficient use of energy can be achieved.
In the embodiment of the application, the energy temporary storage stage is a key step after the current charging stage and the piezoelectric voltage flipping stage. When the current Ip is reversed, the capacitor Cp begins to discharge and form the first resonant cavity, and the first transistor Q1 and the third transistor Q3 are turned on. When the current in the first resonant cavity (Cp-Q3-L1-Cp) reaches zero in the first inductor L1, the third transistor Q3 is turned off.
At this stage, the second inductor L2 senses a change in current in the first inductor L1, generating an alternating induced voltage. The alternating voltage is converted into direct current by the rectifying circuit 220, and the energy in the second inductance L2 is effectively transferred to the temporary storage capacitor, i.e. the second capacitor C2. The second capacitor C2 acts as a component of energy storage in this step, responsible for temporarily storing the energy in the second inductance L2 in preparation for the energy transfer and final transfer to the load in a later stage.
In an embodiment of the present application, the energy transfer to the load phase is the last step in the overall piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 operation, intended to efficiently transfer temporarily stored electrical energy to the load. When the voltage of the second capacitor C2 rises to the threshold voltage of the fifth transistor M5, the fifth transistor M5 is turned on, and resonance between the second capacitor C2 and the third inductor L3 is induced. This resonance process rapidly transfers the electric energy stored in the second capacitor C2 into the third inductor L3.
Subsequently, the energy stored in the third inductance L3 is effectively transferred to the load resistance RL through the path of the second diode D2, the second capacitance C2 and the second inductance L2. This manner of energy transfer to the load resistor RL ensures efficient utilization of the electrical energy, meeting the power requirements of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 for practical use.
It will be appreciated that the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 provided by embodiments of the present application achieves high energy transfer from the piezoelectric generator 100 to the load RL by a smart combination of synchronous switching technology, resonant circuit 230, and temporary storage capacitor (second capacitor C2).
Fig. 4 shows a specific circuit diagram of a piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 according to another embodiment of the present application. In contrast to the circuit diagram of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 shown in fig. 3, the circuit diagram of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 shown in fig. 4 includes three piezoelectric generators 100.
It will be appreciated that while the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 is shown in fig. 4 as having three piezoelectric generators 100 connected thereto, those skilled in the art may choose to connect more or fewer piezoelectric generators 100 as desired, and the application is not so limited.
The piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 according to the embodiment of the present application can more effectively utilize mechanical vibration or pressure variation in the environment by connecting a plurality of piezoelectric generators 100.
It will be appreciated that when the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 is connected to a plurality of piezoelectric generators 100, synchronization and integration between the generators is achieved by adjusting their output phases. The cooperative work ensures that the output of each generator is staggered in time, the mechanical energy provided by the vibration source is utilized to the greatest extent, and the overall performance of the system is further improved.
It can be appreciated that the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 according to the embodiment of the present application effectively improves the utilization rate of the transformer by utilizing the characteristics that the transformer is in an idle state during most of the vibration time, and adopting a plurality of piezoelectric generators 100 with different phases for output. The energy of the piezoelectric generators is efficiently converted into direct current using the double synchronous switching technique, the rectifying circuit 220, and the energy from the plurality of piezoelectric generators 100 is stored and balanced in the second capacitor C2. Since the environmental energy typically collected by the piezoelectric generator 100 is low voltage and wide in frequency, the piezoelectric energy collection circuit 200 provided by the present application can effectively collect energy from the piezoelectric generator 100.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 5, the electronic device 10 includes a piezoelectric generator 100, and a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200, wherein the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 200 includes a synchronous switching transformer 210, a rectifying circuit 220, a resonant circuit 230, and a load circuit 240, wherein the synchronous switching transformer 210 includes a power receiving component 211.
It is to be understood that the electronic device 10 shown in fig. 5 includes only one piezoelectric generator 100, but the circuit configuration of the electronic device 10 is applicable to a case having a plurality of piezoelectric generators 100. This may be achieved by connecting a plurality of piezo generators in parallel to the input of the synchronous switching transformer 210. Each of the piezoelectric generators 100 supplies power through the power receiving unit 211 of the synchronous switching transformer 210, and then the rectifying circuit 220, the resonant circuit 230, and the load circuit 240 process the collected power. When a plurality of piezoelectric generators 100 are connected in the electronic apparatus 10, the synchronous switching transformer 210 includes a plurality of power receiving components 211 therein, and the number of the power receiving components 211 corresponds to the number of the piezoelectric generators 100 to ensure efficient collection, rectification and utilization of the power.
It will be appreciated that since piezoelectric generator 100 typically operates at low voltage and wide frequency band conditions, the design of electronic device 10 better accommodates the collection and processing requirements of such low voltage wide band energy signals. Thus, this design not only increases the efficiency of energy harvesting, but also increases the stability and reliability of the system.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of each functional module and module is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional modules or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions. The functional modules and the modules in the embodiment can be integrated in one processing module, or each module can exist alone physically, or two or more modules can be integrated in one module, and the integrated modules can be realized in a form of hardware or a form of a software functional module. In addition, the specific names of the functional modules and the modules are only for convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the application. The modules in the above system, and the specific working process of the modules may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit, comprising:
the input end of the synchronous switch transformer is connected with at least one piezoelectric generator, and the synchronous switch transformer is used for collecting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric generator;
The rectification circuit is connected with the output end of the synchronous switch transformer and used for rectifying the electric energy collected by the synchronous switch transformer into direct current;
the input end of the resonance circuit is connected with the output end of the rectification circuit, and the resonance circuit is used for temporarily storing the electric energy rectified by the rectification circuit;
the synchronous switching transformer is characterized by comprising an electric energy receiving assembly, wherein the electric energy receiving assembly comprises: the first triode, the second triode, the third triode, the fourth triode and the first capacitor;
the base electrode of the first triode is connected with the first output end of the piezoelectric generator, the emitter electrode of the first triode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, the base electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the collector electrode of the second triode, and the emitter electrode of the fourth triode is connected with the emitter electrode of the third triode;
the base electrode of the second triode is connected with the first output end of the piezoelectric generator, the emitter electrode of the second triode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1, the base electrode of the third triode is connected with the collector electrode of the first triode, and the collector electrode of the third triode is connected with the collector electrode of the fourth triode and is connected with the base electrode of the first triode and the base electrode of the second triode;
the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the second output end of the piezoelectric generator;
the first triode and the fourth triode are PNP type triodes;
the second triode and the third triode are NPN type triodes;
the synchronous switching transformer further comprises a transformer, wherein the transformer comprises a first inductor and a second inductor;
The first end of the first inductor is connected with the emitter of the third triode, the second end of the first inductor is connected with the second output end of the piezoelectric generator, and the output end of the second inductor is connected with the input end of the rectifying circuit.
2. The piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit of claim 1, wherein the synchronous switching transformer comprises a plurality of the power receiving components equal in number to the piezoelectric generators when the input of the synchronous switching transformer is connected to the plurality of piezoelectric generators.
3. The piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit of claim 1, wherein the rectifying circuit comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, and a first diode;
The drain electrode of the first transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the first transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the first transistor is connected with the anode of the first diode;
The drain electrode of the second transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the second transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the second transistor is connected with the anode of the first diode;
The drain electrode of the third transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the third transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the third transistor is grounded;
the drain electrode of the fourth transistor is connected with the second end of the second inductor, the grid electrode of the fourth transistor is connected with the first end of the second inductor, and the source electrode of the fourth transistor is grounded.
4. The piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit of claim 3, wherein the resonant circuit comprises a third inductor, a second capacitor, a fifth transistor, a second diode, and a filter capacitor,
The first end of the third inductor is connected with the cathode of the first diode, and the second end of the third inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the fifth transistor;
The grid electrode of the fifth transistor is connected with the cathode of the first diode, and the source electrode of the fifth transistor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor;
the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first diode;
The anode of the second diode is connected with the second end of the third inductor; the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first end of the filter capacitor;
the second end of the filter capacitor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
5. The piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit of claim 4, wherein the rectifying circuit is further configured to rectify the alternating voltage from the second inductor into direct current and temporarily store the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric generator in the second capacitor.
6. The piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit of claim 5, further comprising a load circuit comprising a load resistor in parallel with a filter capacitance of the resonant circuit;
The resonance circuit is also used for temporarily storing the electric energy rectified by the rectification circuit in the second capacitor through the fifth transistor, the second diode and the third inductor, and transferring the electric energy temporarily stored in the second capacitor to the load resistor.
7. An electronic device comprising at least one piezoelectric generator and a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN103904781B (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2016-03-16 | 宁波大学 | A kind of self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy synchronous extraction circuit |
| FR3069395A1 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-01-25 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | PIEZOELECTRIC GENERATOR |
| CN214281263U (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-09-24 | 中国计量大学 | Active synchronous charge extraction circuit for piezoelectric vibration energy collection |
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| A Self-powered Multi-input Bridgeless Series-SSHI Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting;Liao Wu et al.;2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and System;20210427;第2页，图2a * |
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