CN118510627A - Scanning welding device and method for scanning welding at least two workpieces - Google Patents
Scanning welding device and method for scanning welding at least two workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118510627A CN118510627A CN202280087852.1A CN202280087852A CN118510627A CN 118510627 A CN118510627 A CN 118510627A CN 202280087852 A CN202280087852 A CN 202280087852A CN 118510627 A CN118510627 A CN 118510627A
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- laser beam
- scanning
- laser
- range
- scanning welding
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a scanning welding device (100) for scanning welding at least two workpieces (7), wherein the scanning welding device (100) comprises a laser beam means (10) for emitting a laser beam (1) and a scanning optics (20) for directing the emitted laser beam (1) onto at least one working surface (8) of at least one of the at least two workpieces (7), wherein the scanning optics (20) has a collimator lens (21) and at least one movable mirror (22), and wherein between the laser beam means (10) and the collimator lens (21) a numerical aperture NA can be determined from a refractive index n of a medium between the laser beam means (10) and the collimator lens (21) and an aperture angle a of the laser beam (1) between the laser beam means (10) and the collimator lens (21), wherein the scanning welding device (100) is arranged such that the numerical aperture NA >0.08 is satisfied, according to the formula NA = n x sin (α/2).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a scanning welding device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to claim 9.
Background
It is known from the prior art to weld together bipolar plates of fuel cells by means of laser welding. By this welding process, the two bipolar plates are usually joined to one another in an overlapping manner. Here, the bipolar plates are typically welded using scanning optics and a single mode laser.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to provide an improved scanning welding device and an improved corresponding welding method for scanning welding workpieces, in particular bipolar plates of fuel cells. In particular, it is intended here to increase the speed of the joining process, while the quality or quality of the weld produced remains at least unchanged.
This object is achieved by a scanning welding apparatus according to claim 1. Accordingly, a scanning welding device for scanning welding at least two workpieces is proposed, wherein the scanning welding device comprises a laser beam means for emitting a laser beam and scanning optics for directing the emitted laser beam onto at least one machining surface of at least one of the at least two workpieces. The scanning optics have a collimator lens and at least one movable, in particular rotatable mirror. Between a laser beam device, in particular a laser beam output of the laser beam device, and a collimator lens, according to the formula na=n×sin (α/2), the refractive index n of the medium between the laser beam device and the collimator lens and the aperture angle of the laser beam between the laser beam device and the collimator lens can be determinedAlpha to determine the numerical aperture NA. The scanning welding device, in particular the laser beam device, is arranged such that a numerical aperture NA >0.08 is satisfied.
By means of the numerical aperture configured according to the invention, laser beam welding of workpieces can be achieved with a large scan field of the scanning optics with an imaging ratio as small as possible. In this case, larger workpieces, such as bipolar plates of fuel cells, can also be scanned completely and thus welded quickly by means of a larger scan field. The smaller imaging ratio allows a smaller beam diameter for generating the laser beam, so that a weld bead width that is as small as possible can be achieved at high travel speeds, and the heat input into the joined workpieces can be kept low. Thus, the speed of the laser welding process can be achieved with the quality of the resulting weld seam remaining the same or better.
A "scanning welding device" is understood here to mean a welding device having scanning optics, i.e. welding optics with movable mirror or mirrors for deflecting a laser beam. Such a scanning welding device or such a scanning welder may realize a scanning weld. Herein, "scanning welding" is understood to be a welding method in which the laser beam is directed by means of the one or more movable mirrors within the scanning optics of the scanning welder. Here, the laser beam is guided or made to travel by changing the angle of the one or more mirrors. The above-mentioned scan field or machining field is created in which highly dynamic and accurate welding can be performed. Accordingly, workpieces may be welded together within a scan field without having to move a corresponding laser processing head that may contain scanning optics. Correspondingly, complex machine axes on the laser processing head and/or the workpiece support can be dispensed with or at least not used for the welding process of the workpieces, but only for example for the welding process changeover between different workpiece pairs. The takt time can thereby also be increased.
It may be advantageous to satisfy a numerical aperture NA >0.12. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the scanning welding device is arranged such that a numerical aperture na=0.10 to 0.13 is satisfied. It has also proven to be advantageous if the scanning welding device is arranged such that a numerical aperture na=0.11 to 0.12 is satisfied. It has been shown that at numerical apertures of this size, particularly large scan fields can be provided with a small imaging ratio. In a particularly simple way, air can be used as medium, wherein the refractive index n can be assumed approximately to be 1. The aperture angle α satisfies α/2=0.11 rad in particular.
Advantageously, the scanning optics may be arranged for: in the case of an imaging ratio in the range of 1:1 to 10:1, in particular in the range of 1:1 to 5:1, in particular in the range of 1.5:1 to 3:1, a scan field with a minimum length of 45mm, in particular 50mm, and a minimum width of 32mm, in particular 36mm is covered. Such dimensions of the scan field and imaging ratio have proven to be particularly advantageous, for example, in welding bipolar plates.
It is also advantageous that the scanning optics are arranged to have a focal length in the range 300 to 900mm, in particular 450 to 600mm, and a collimating focal length in the range 100 to 400mm, in particular 250 to 350 mm. The above-described focal length range has proved to be particularly advantageous when using a single-mode laser, in particular with a quality factor M 2 <1.1, as laser beam means. Here, a "single mode laser" is understood to mean a laser beam device in which the emitted laser beam is concentrated at a single point or spot.
Furthermore, it is advantageous if the laser beam device is configured to emit a laser beam of high brightness. The high-brightness laser beam is realized in particular by the following elements: the laser parameters mentioned in detail below; in particular in the range of 0.38 to 16mm mrad, in particular +.0.6 mm mrad (in particular for single mode) or +.3 mm mrad (in particular for multimode); and a laser power P of each spot in the range of 10 to 2000W, in particular p=50 to 700W (each spot).
It is also advantageous if the laser beam device has an optical cable. Correspondingly, a laser beam source may be used in the laser beam device, the laser beam source operating at a wavelength guided by the optical fiber within the fiber optic cable. For example, a disk, a fiber laser, and a diode laser may be used as the laser beam source.
The laser cable is advantageously designed as a2 in 1 laser cable, the 2 in 1 laser cable having an inner fiber core or inner fiber and an outer fiber core or outer fiber, in particular a ring fiber surrounding the inner fiber core. The inner fiber core may, for example, have a diameter of up to 50 μm, while the ring fiber may, for example, have a diameter of up to 200 μm. Such 2 in 1 laser fiber optic cables may also be referred to as multi-clad fibers. To generate the laser beam, one or more output laser beams may be fed into the first end of the multi-clad optical fiber. Here, a first portion of the laser power of the at least one output laser beam may be fed into the core optical fiber and a second portion of the laser power of the at least one output laser beam may be fed into the ring optical fiber. Finally, the second end of the multi-clad fiber may be imaged onto a collimating lens or onto a machined surface of a workpiece to be joined. This allows for the production of a smooth surface on the resulting weld.
The laser beam device may advantageously be configured to split the laser beam of the 2 in 1 laser cable into a plurality of individual beams. By means of these individual beams, in particular a (similar) gaussian profile, or a flat top profile, can be produced by the core fiber and/or a (similar) doughnut profile by the ring fiber. This allows the so-called pinholes or deeper vapor capillaries created during laser welding to be stabilized, the weld depth to be precise, and the weld density to be high.
It is also advantageous if the laser beam arrangement is provided with a modulation module for modulating the power of at least a part of the laser beam. By modulating the power of a portion of the laser beam (e.g., each sub-beam) or the entire laser beam, the weld pool dynamics can be optimized during laser beam welding.
It is also preferred that the laser beam device has a laser beam source in the form of an infrared laser or alternatively in the form of a VIS laser. Here, a "VIS laser" is understood to mean a laser that emits a laser beam in the visible wavelength range (VIS). The infrared laser can be configured, for example, to emit laser radiation in the wavelength range from 800nm to 1200nm, in particular from 1030nm to 1070 nm. The VIS laser may, for example, be arranged to emit laser radiation in the wavelength range 400nm to 450nm (blue light) and/or 515nm (green light).
The laser beam arrangement may be arranged for emitting two or more laser beams which share an optical axis, in particular having congruent optical axes, and in particular having different beam diameters. This also allows for stabilization of pinholes created during laser welding, accurate weld depth, and high weld density. Such a multimode laser (i.e., a laser emitting two or more laser beams) may be provided for a laser beam diameter in the range of 50 μm to 170 μm. The beam diameter of each laser beam may be in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the beam diameter of one or more other laser beams. However, the two or more laser beams may also have the same beam diameter. Whether a single mode laser (e.g. a TruFiber type 500-2000 laser sold by trupf corporation) or a multimode laser (e.g. a TruDisk-5000 type disc sold by trupf corporation) is used, the respective one or more laser beams, i.e. the laser power P per spot, may for example be in the range p=10W to 2000W, in particular in the range 50W to 700W.
In order to achieve the object mentioned at the outset, a method for scanning welding at least two workpieces by means of the scanning welding device proposed here is also proposed. The laser beam emitted by the laser beam device travels along a welding path on at least one working surface of at least one of the at least two workpieces within a scanning field of the scanning optics by means of the scanning optics.
In particular, it can be provided here that the at least two workpieces are metallic bipolar plates. The advantages of the invention associated with a scanning welding device and described in this connection can be used in particular when welding metallic bipolar plates, wherein other fields of application are of course also conceivable in addition to the use in metallic bipolar plates of fuel cells.
Furthermore, the welding method according to the invention proves to be particularly advantageous when the at least two workpieces, in particular the bipolar plates, are formed from stainless steel.
Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if at least one of the two workpieces is formed as a plate with a plate thickness in the range of 50 μm to 150 μm, in particular in the range of 60 μm to 100 μm. For example, a plate thickness of about 75 μm may be particularly suitable for welding using the method according to the invention.
It has also proved to be advantageous if the beam parameter product SPP of the laser beam is in the range of 0.3mm mrad to 18mm mrad, in particular in the range of 0.38mm mrad to 16mm mrad. In the case of single mode lasers, SPPs of 0.6mm rad or less have proved to be particularly advantageous here. In the case of multimode lasers, SPPs of 3mm rad or less are particularly advantageous here. In this regard, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to use a combination of large focal length, high beam quality (i.e., low SPP), and large numerical aperture. With this combination a larger working field can be covered, wherein at the same time the imaging errors are kept to a low level.
It has also proven advantageous in terms of process control: the beam diameter of the laser beam is in the range of 10 μm to 300 μm, in particular in the range of 30 μm to 170 μm. In the case of single-mode lasers, it has proved advantageous here for the beam diameter to be in the range from 30 μm to 70 μm; and in the case of multimode lasers, it has proved advantageous here for the beam diameter to be in the range from 50 μm to 170 μm.
In the case of using a laser beam source in the form of an infrared laser in the laser beam device, it has proved to be advantageous: the wavelength of the laser beam is in the range of 800nm to 1200nm, in particular 1030nm to 1070 nm.
Furthermore, in the case of using a laser beam source in the form of a VIS laser in the laser beam device, it has proved to be advantageous: the wavelength of the laser beam is in the range of 380nm to 530nm, in particular 400nm to 515nm or 400nm to 450nm (blue light), including 515nm (green light).
In the method according to the invention, the travelling speed of the laser beam can advantageously lie in or reach a range of 100mm/s to 5000mm/s, in particular 300mm/s to 2000mm/s, whereby rapid welding can be achieved while achieving high welding quality.
Further details and advantageous designs of the invention can be taken from the following description, by means of which embodiments of the invention are described and illustrated in more detail.
Drawings
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a scanning welding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the scanning welding apparatus of FIG. 1; and
Fig. 3 shows a scan field of the scanning optics of the scanning welding apparatus of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 illustrates a scanning welding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The scanning welding device 100 is arranged for joining the two shown workpieces 7 to each other by means of scanning welding. Here, in the present example of the scan welding method of the present invention, the two workpieces 7 are metal bipolar plates 7 made of aluminum.
To perform the welding process, the scanning welding apparatus 100 has a laser beam device 10 and scanning optics 20 shown in fig. 1. They may be arranged wholly or partly in a not shown laser processing head of the scanning welding apparatus 100, which in turn may be moved by means of a not shown moving device (e.g. a robotic arm) of the scanning welding apparatus 100. In principle, however, the scanning optics 20 allow the laser beam 1 generated by the laser beam arrangement 10 to travel within a processing or scanning field 6 covered by the laser beam, as will be explained in more detail below.
The laser beam device 10 comprises a laser beam source 11, which may be an infrared laser or a VIS laser, for example. The generated laser radiation is coupled from a laser beam source 11 into a cable or optical fiber, which is here constituted by a2 in 1 optical cable 12, which itself has an inner optical fiber core 13 and an outer optical fiber core 14 or ring optical fiber, which is arranged around the inner optical fiber core 13. The laser beam 1 or laser beams 1 are emitted from the fiber optic cable 12 to the scanning optics 20.
The scanning optics 20 comprise a collimator lens 21, a rotatable mirror 22 and a focusing lens 23. By rotation of the mirror 22, the laser beam 1 can travel or be displaced on the machining surface 8 of the upper one of the two workpieces or bipolar plates 7 in order to provide laser beam welding along a predetermined welding track 5 (see fig. 3) by means of the high-energy laser beam 1. Here, the laser beam 1 moves along the x-y plane of the x, y, z coordinate system shown in fig. 3 or fig. 1.
Fig. 2 shows a section of the scanning welding apparatus 100 of fig. 1, with an end from which the laser beam 1 of the optical cable 12 is coupled out, and a collimator lens 21 of the scanning optics 20.
Here, the laser beam 1 can be seen which has been marked in fig. 1. Between the optical cable 12 and the collimator lens 21, the collimator focal length fc can be determined.
The laser beam 1 is emitted from the optical cable 12 at an aperture angle α. The numerical aperture NA is determined according to the formula na=n×sin (α/2) from the refractive index n of the medium between the laser cable 12 and the collimator lens 21 (for example, about 1 when air is used as the medium).
The numerical aperture NA is set here to a value of, for example, 0.11, 0.12 or in between, whereby a large scan field 6 of an area of 50mm x 36mm or more can be achieved, which covers the entire working surface 8 of the bipolar plate 7, as shown in fig. 3.
It is also possible to use an imaging ratio of 5:1 or less. This also results in a smaller beam diameter 3, as is shown in fig. 3 at the spot 2 of the laser beam 1. In fig. 3, it can also be seen on the basis of the shape of the illustrated aperture 4 that a weld is to be produced between the two workpieces 7 along the weld path 5 or a predetermined weld line along which the weld is to be traveled from left to right.
Claims (15)
1. A scanning welding device (100) for scanning welding at least two workpieces (7), wherein the scanning welding device (100) comprises a laser beam means (10) for emitting a laser beam (1) and a scanning optic (20) for directing the emitted laser beam (1) onto at least one working surface (8) of at least one of the at least two workpieces (7), wherein the scanning optic (20) has a collimator lens (21) and at least one movable mirror (22), and wherein between the laser beam means (10) and the collimator lens (21) a numerical aperture NA can be determined from a refractive index n of a medium between the laser beam means (10) and the collimator lens (21) and an aperture angle α of the laser beam (1) between the laser beam means (10) and the collimator lens (21), characterized in that the scanning welding device (100) is arranged such that the numerical aperture NA >0.08 is satisfied according to the formula NA = n x sin (α/2).
2. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the scanning welding apparatus (100) is arranged such that the numerical aperture NA = 0.10 to 0.13, in particular NA = 0.11 to 0.12 is satisfied.
3. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scanning optics (20) are arranged for: when the imaging ratio is in the range of 1:1 to 10:1, a scan field (6) having a minimum length of 45mm and a minimum width of 32mm is covered.
4. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the scanning optics (20) are arranged to have a focal length in the range 300 to 900mm and a collimation focal length fc in the range 100 to 400 mm.
5. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam device (10) has an optical cable (12), wherein the laser cable (12) is designed as a2 in 1 laser cable (12), the 2 in 1 laser cable having an inner optical fiber core (13) and an outer optical fiber core (14), and wherein the laser beam device (10) is arranged for dividing the laser beam (1) of the 2 in 1 laser cable (12) into a plurality of individual beams.
6. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam device (10) is arranged with a modulation module for power modulating at least a portion of the laser beam (1).
7. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam device (10) has a laser beam source (11) in the form of an infrared laser or a VIS laser.
8. The scanning welding apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam arrangement (10) is arranged for emitting two or more laser beams (1) sharing one optical axis and in particular having different beam diameters.
9. A method for scanning welding at least two workpieces (7) by means of a scanning welding apparatus (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam (1) emitted by the laser beam device (10) travels by means of the scanning optics (20) along a welding track (5) on at least one machining surface (8) of at least one of the at least two workpieces (7) within a scanning field (6) of the scanning optics (20).
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the at least two workpieces (7) are metallic bipolar plates (7).
11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the beam parameter product SPP of the laser beam (1) is in the range of 0.3mm x mrad to 18mm x mrad.
12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the beam diameter of the laser beam (1) is in the range of 10 to 300 μιη, in particular in the range of 30 to 170 μιη.
13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the laser beam device (10) has a laser beam source (11) in the form of an infrared laser, and the wavelength of the laser beam (1) is in the range of 800nm to 1200nm, in particular 1030nm to 1070 nm.
14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the laser beam device (10) has a laser beam source (11) in the form of a VIS laser and the wavelength of the laser beam (1) is in the range of 380nm to 530 nm.
15. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the travelling speed of the laser beam (1) is in the range of 100mm/s to 5000mm/s, in particular 300mm/s to 2000 mm/s.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022100229.2A DE102022100229A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2022-01-05 | Scanner welding device and method for scanner welding of at least two workpieces |
| DE102022100229.2 | 2022-01-05 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/085022 WO2023131466A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2022-12-08 | Scanner welding apparatus and method for scanner welding at least two workpieces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118510627A true CN118510627A (en) | 2024-08-16 |
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ID=84785014
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280087852.1A Pending CN118510627A (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2022-12-08 | Scanning welding device and method for scanning welding at least two workpieces |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118510627A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102022100229A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023131466A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023121905A1 (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2025-02-20 | TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik SE | Device and method for cutting a workpiece by means of a laser beam |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004007178B4 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2006-01-12 | Precitec Kg | Laser processing head |
| DE102007028504B4 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2009-07-30 | Scansonic Mi Gmbh | Device for processing a workpiece by means of a laser beam |
| DE102017217145A1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-03-28 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Laser system and method for producing a top-hat approximated beam profile |
-
2022
- 2022-01-05 DE DE102022100229.2A patent/DE102022100229A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-08 WO PCT/EP2022/085022 patent/WO2023131466A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-12-08 CN CN202280087852.1A patent/CN118510627A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022100229A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
| WO2023131466A1 (en) | 2023-07-13 |
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