CN118439900B - Formula and application of special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor - Google Patents
Formula and application of special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor Download PDFInfo
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- CN118439900B CN118439900B CN202410558330.6A CN202410558330A CN118439900B CN 118439900 B CN118439900 B CN 118439900B CN 202410558330 A CN202410558330 A CN 202410558330A CN 118439900 B CN118439900 B CN 118439900B
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- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 title claims description 60
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 241001655322 Streptomycetales Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical group [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020068 maotai Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium phenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a formula and application of a special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of sorghum straw, 50-100 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-40 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 1-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-3 parts of general metallocene I type, 1-4 parts of glucose and 1-5 parts of soybean meal; the modifier is prepared by modifying distilled spirit vinasse, and the invention carries out innocent treatment on agricultural wastes such as distilled spirit vinasse, straws, edible fungus residues, plant ash and the like, and converts the agricultural wastes into high-quality organic fertilizer for returning to the field through fermentation, so that the soil fertility can be effectively increased, the sorghum quality is improved, the distilled spirit vinasse is recycled by recycling, the utilization rate and the added value are greatly improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a special organic fertilizer formula for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the planting area and the yield of crops such as vegetables, tobacco, fruit trees, tea and the like are rapidly increased. However, due to the large amount of fertilizer applied in the highly intensive planting process, stress resistance of crops, including disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and the like, is reduced, so that yield reduction and product quality are reduced. And simultaneously worsens the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, and destroys the normal proportion of nutrient elements in the soil, so that the soil fertility is reduced. The improvement of the grain yield level based on the existing land area and fertility becomes a big problem facing the current agricultural science and technology personnel. At present, the application of the fertilizer in China reaches the limit, and only the application of the organic fertilizer and the improvement of soil are started, the soil productivity is expected to be improved. Therefore, the recycling and reutilization of nutrients in agriculture are realized by utilizing the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is an effective way for protecting soil, fertilizing soil and realizing sustainable development of agriculture.
At present, the organic fertilizer in China mainly takes livestock manure and stack retting fertilizer as main materials, and secondly, straw is used as a main material, so that the occupancy of cake fertilizer and green manure is minimum.
Crop straw mainly comprises plant cell walls, the cell walls are highly lignified in structure, lignin with water-insoluble and complex chemical structures is combined with hemicellulose in a covalent bond mode, cellulose molecules are embedded in the lignin to form an anti-degradation barrier, and cellulose and hemicellulose are protected from being attacked by microorganisms and degrading enzymes, so that the degradation and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose and other components in straw raw materials in the composting process are limited. Besides the compact natural structure characteristics, the crop straw has low nitrogen content and high C/N ratio, and is one of the important reasons for influencing the difficulty in directly taking the straw as an organic fertilizer. However, the organic fertilizer has high organic matter content, and the organic fertilizer has obvious effect of increasing the organic matter content of soil and improving fertility, so that the organic fertilizer prepared by straw fermentation has wide prospect.
In addition, with the rapid development of the Maotai-flavor liquor brewing industry, the production amount of industrial solid waste is also increased, and the liquor waste is a main byproduct of the Maotai-flavor liquor industry, and has the characteristics of strong acidity, high viscosity and the like, so that the Maotai-flavor liquor has great difficulty in recycling, and serious environmental pollution and resource waste are caused if the Maotai-flavor liquor is not reasonably subjected to harmless and recycling treatment, and even the ecological environment of a brewing production area and the life quality of people are influenced.
The Chinese patent document CN201911152785.3 discloses a preparation method of a baking-free organic fertilizer, which sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) fermenting the plant material: cutting plant straw to 2-5 cm, adjusting the moisture to 35-40%, adding vinasse, cellulase and wheat bran for fermentation; (2) preparation of organic fertilizer: adding 5-10 parts of macroelement fertilizer, 6-10 parts of intermediate element fertilizer and amino acid into 100 parts of fermented plant material raw material: 3-5 parts of filler 70-90 parts, and 20-30 parts of baking-free element are crushed in a crusher, granulated by a disc machine and then screened to obtain the finished organic fertilizer.
However, the organic fertilizer in the prior art is often not ideal for improving soil and improving quality and increasing yield of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the formula and the application of the special organic fertilizer for the sorghum for the Maotai-flavor white spirit, which are used for carrying out innocent treatment on agricultural wastes such as white spirit vinasse, straws, edible fungus residues and the like, and converting the agricultural wastes into high-quality organic fertilizer for returning to the field through fermentation, so that the soil fertility can be effectively increased, the quality of the sorghum is improved, the white spirit vinasse is recycled through recycling, the utilization rate and the added value are greatly improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The special sorghum organic fertilizer formula for the Maotai-flavor white spirit is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of sorghum straw, 50-100 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-40 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 1-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-3 parts of general metallocene I type, 1-4 parts of glucose and 1-5 parts of soybean meal.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing distilled spirit vinasse, carbonizing to obtain carbon powder, adding the carbon powder into alkali liquor, stirring for reaction, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing gulfweed powder and polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, ensuring that two phases are not contacted, filling CO 2 to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed, and relieving pressure to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding activated carbon powder and swelling gulfweed powder into deionized water, putting into an autoclave for hydrothermal treatment, filtering, dehydrating and crushing the product to obtain the modifier.
Preferably, in the step (1), the vinasse is crushed to 100-200 meshes, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 10-20wt%, and the dosage ratio of the carbon powder to the alkali liquor is 10g: 80-100 mL.
Preferably, in the step (1), the alkali liquor is ammonia water.
Preferably, in the step (1), the carbonization condition is that the temperature is 300-500 ℃ and the heat is preserved for 2-5 hours; stirring reaction is carried out for 30-60 min at 40-60 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the gulfweed powder to the polyglutamic acid is 10:4 to 16; the swelling reaction condition is that the swelling reaction is carried out for 10 to 30 minutes at the temperature of between 80 and 120 ℃ and the pressure of between 8 and 10 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (3), the dosage ratio of the activated carbon powder, the swelling gulfweed powder and the deionized water is 10g:1.6 to 4.2g: 80-100 mL; the hydrothermal treatment condition is that the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 4-8 hours at 120-200 ℃.
Preferably, the microbial agent is one or more of cellulolytic bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid and bacillus megaterium bacteria liquid.
Preferably, the initial moisture of the vinasse is 40-60 wt% and the pH is 3-5.
Preferably, the effective viable count in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
The invention also claims a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing sorghum straw, edible fungus residues, plant ash, bean pulp, microbial agents, glucose, modifier and general type I, and composting and fermenting to obtain the special sorghum organic fertilizer for the Maotai-flavor liquor.
Preferably, the composting fermentation condition is that when the temperature of the center of the composting body reaches more than 45 ℃, the composting is turned once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 0.3-1.2L/kg.min, and the composting fermentation is continuously carried out for 20-25 d.
The invention also claims an application of the organic fertilizer formula in sorghum planting for Maotai-flavor liquor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention provides a special organic fertilizer formula for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor, which is used for carrying out innocent treatment on agricultural wastes such as liquor vinasse, straw, edible fungus residues and the like, and converting the agricultural wastes into high-quality organic fertilizer for returning to the field through fermentation, so that the soil fertility can be effectively increased, the quality of the sorghum is improved, the liquor vinasse is recycled, the utilization rate and the added value are greatly improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
2) The invention provides an improver, which takes distilled grain of white spirit as a biomass raw material, firstly, the distilled grain is crushed and carbonized, and then is subjected to hydrothermal activation by alkali liquor, so that a large amount of hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups are exposed on the surface of distilled grain carbon powder, thereby facilitating the subsequent compounding with swelling gulfweed powder; the gulfweed is not easy to degrade and difficult to ferment, and the cell wall of the gulfweed can be destroyed by swelling reaction of the gulfweed by supercritical fluid, so that on one hand, the bioactive components contained in the seaweed can be effectively released, and meanwhile, the fermentation and decomposition of the gulfweed can be accelerated; polyglutamic acid is added into the supercritical fluid, and the gulfweed is swelled and modified by the polyglutamic acid, so that nutrients and nutrient substances in the seaweed can be effectively wrapped, and a slow-release system is formed, so that the fertilizer efficiency is slow and can be released for a long time; finally, carboxyl groups on the surface of the swelling gulfweed powder can be connected with activated carbon powder through ester bonds, the carboxyl groups and the activated carbon powder are compounded to obtain a modifier, the pore structure of the surface of the carbon powder in the modifier is developed, a growth and propagation place can be provided for microorganisms, polyglutamic acid swelling modified gulfweed powder in the modifier can provide nutrients required by growth for microorganisms, and the carboxyl groups and the activated carbon powder cooperate to promote the adhesion and film formation of microbial agents, so that the microorganisms form an 'explosion point' with the modifier as the center, a local stable environment is provided for the microorganisms, and the fermentation and decomposition of agricultural wastes by the composite microbial agents are accelerated; in addition, the modifier can improve the structure and pores of soil, increase the water and fertilizer holding capacity of the soil, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms and finally improve the quality of sorghum.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, both chemical reagents and materials in the present invention are purchased through a market route or synthesized from raw materials purchased through a market route.
The general type I is provided by Shanghai general agricultural technology development Co., ltd;
The edible fungus residues are waste left after the production of fungus products (such as mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, pleurotus nebrodensis, agaricus bisporus, pleurotus eryngii, flammulina velutipes, straw mushrooms and the like) by planting, and can provide a large amount of organic matters, organic acids, amino acids, mycoproteins, vitamins and other organic matters for the fertilizer.
A preparation method of a special sorghum organic fertilizer formula for Maotai-flavor liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing distilled spirit vinasse to 100-200 meshes, preserving heat for 2-5 hours at 300-500 ℃ to obtain carbon powder after carbonization, adding 10g of carbon powder into 80-100 mL 10-20wt% alkali liquor, stirring and reacting for 30-60 minutes at 40-60 ℃, filtering, washing to neutrality, and drying to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing 10g of gulfweed powder and 4-16 g of polyglutamic acid into a closed reaction container, and filling CO 2 at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ and under the pressure of 8-10 MPa to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, so that the supercritical CO 2 fluid carries polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed for 10-30 min, and releasing pressure to obtain the swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding 10g of activated carbon powder and 1.6-4.2 g of swelling gulfweed powder into 80-100 mL of deionized water, putting into an autoclave, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4-8 h at 120-200 ℃, filtering, dehydrating and crushing a product to obtain the modifier;
(4) 50-100 parts of sorghum straw, 50-100 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-40 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 1-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-4 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of bean pulp and 1-3 parts of general metallocene I type are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches above 45 ℃, the pile is turned once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 0.3-1.2L/kg.min, and continuous fermentation is carried out for 20-25 d, thus obtaining the special organic fertilizer for the sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor.
The microbial agent is one or more of cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid and bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid.
Polyglutamic acid is obtained through microbial fermentation, and the molecular weight range is 5000-10000 daltons.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a special sorghum organic fertilizer formula for Maotai-flavor liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying distilled spirit vinasse, crushing the distilled spirit vinasse to 100 meshes, preserving heat for 5 hours at 300 ℃ and carbonizing the distilled spirit vinasse to obtain carbon powder, adding 10g of carbon powder into 100mL of 20wt% ammonia water, stirring the mixture at 40 ℃ and reacting for 60 minutes, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying the product to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing 10g of gulfweed powder and 4g of polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, filling CO 2 at 80 ℃ and 8MPa without contact to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed for 30min, and decompressing to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding 10g of activated carbon powder and 1.6g of swelling gulfweed powder into 100mL of deionized water, putting into an autoclave, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 8 hours at 120 ℃, filtering, dehydrating and crushing the product to obtain the modifier;
(4) 50g of sorghum straw, 50-100 parts of edible fungus residues, 10g of modifier, 5g of plant ash, 1g of microbial agent, 1g of glucose, 1g of bean pulp and 1g of general metallocene I type are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches more than 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 0.3L/kg.min, and continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the special organic fertilizer for the sorghum for Maotai-flavor white spirit.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
Example 2
A preparation method of a special sorghum organic fertilizer formula for Maotai-flavor liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying distilled spirit vinasse, crushing the distilled spirit vinasse to 100 meshes, preserving heat for 4 hours at 350 ℃ and carbonizing the distilled spirit vinasse to obtain carbon powder, adding 10g of carbon powder into 100mL of 20wt% ammonia water, stirring and reacting for 50 minutes at 45 ℃, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying the product to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing 10g of gulfweed powder and 8g of polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, filling CO 2 at 90 ℃ and 9MPa without contact to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed for 15min, and decompressing to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding 10g of activated carbon powder and 2.8g of swelling gulfweed powder into 100mL of deionized water, putting into an autoclave, performing hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours at 140 ℃, filtering, dehydrating and crushing the product to obtain the modifier;
(4) According to the weight portion, 60g of sorghum straw, 60g of edible fungus residues, 20g of modifier, 6g of plant ash, 4g of microbial agent, 2g of glucose, 2g of bean pulp and 2g of general type I are uniformly mixed, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches more than 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 0.7L/kg.min, and the continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the special organic fertilizer for the sorghum for the Maotai-flavor white spirit.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
Example 3
A preparation method of a special sorghum organic fertilizer formula for Maotai-flavor liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying distilled spirit vinasse, crushing the distilled spirit vinasse to 100 meshes, preserving heat for 3 hours at 400 ℃ and carbonizing the distilled spirit vinasse to obtain carbon powder, adding 10g of carbon powder into 90mL of 20wt% ammonia water, stirring and reacting for 40 minutes at 50 ℃, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying the product to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing 10g of gulfweed powder and 12g of polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, filling CO 2 at 100 ℃ and 9MPa without contact to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed for 20min, and decompressing to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding 10g of activated carbon powder and 3.6g of swelling gulfweed powder into 100mL of deionized water, putting into an autoclave, performing hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours at 180 ℃, filtering, dehydrating and crushing the product to obtain the modifier;
(4) According to the weight portions, 80g of sorghum straw, 80g of edible fungus residues, 30g of modifier, 7g of plant ash, 6g of microbial agent, 3g of glucose, 3g of bean pulp and 3g of general cyclopentadienyl I type are uniformly mixed, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches more than 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 1.0L/kg.min, and the continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the special organic fertilizer for the sorghum for the Maotai-flavor white spirit.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
Example 4
A preparation method of a special sorghum organic fertilizer formula for Maotai-flavor liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying distilled spirit vinasse, crushing the distilled spirit vinasse to 100 meshes, preserving heat for 2 hours at 500 ℃ and carbonizing the distilled spirit vinasse to obtain carbon powder, adding 10g of the carbon powder into 100mL of 20wt% ammonia water, stirring the mixture at 60 ℃ and reacting for 30 minutes, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying the product to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing 10g of gulfweed powder and 16g of polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, filling CO 2 at 120 ℃ and 10MPa without contact to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed for 10min, and decompressing to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding 10g of activated carbon powder and 4.2g of swelling gulfweed powder into 100mL of deionized water, putting into an autoclave, performing hydrothermal reaction for 4 hours at 200 ℃, filtering, dehydrating and crushing the product to obtain the modifier;
(4) 100g of sorghum straw, 100g of edible fungus residues, 40g of modifier, 8g of plant ash, 8g of microbial agent, 4g of glucose, 5g of bean pulp and 3g of general cyclopentadienyl I type are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches more than 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 1.2L/kg.min, and the continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the special organic fertilizer for the sorghum for the Maotai-flavor white spirit.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer formula comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing 10g of gulfweed powder and 16g of polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, filling CO 2 at 120 ℃ and 10MPa without contact to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed for 10min, and decompressing to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(2) 100g of sorghum straw, 100g of edible fungus residues, 40g of swelling gulfweed powder, 8g of plant ash, 8g of microbial agent, 4g of glucose, 5g of bean pulp and 3g of general metallocene I type are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches above 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 1.2L/kg.min, and the continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the organic fertilizer.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer formula comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying distilled spirit vinasse, crushing the distilled spirit vinasse to 100 meshes, preserving heat for 2 hours at 500 ℃ and carbonizing the distilled spirit vinasse to obtain carbon powder, adding 10g of the carbon powder into 100mL of 20wt% ammonia water, stirring the mixture at 60 ℃ and reacting for 30 minutes, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying the product to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) 100g of sorghum straw, 100g of edible fungus residues, 40g of activated carbon powder, 8g of plant ash, 8g of microbial agent, 4g of glucose, 5g of bean pulp and 3g of general metallocene I type are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches above 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 1.2L/kg.min, and the continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the organic fertilizer.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer formula comprises the following steps:
100g of sorghum straw, 100g of edible fungus residues, 8g of plant ash, 8g of microbial agent, 4g of glucose, 5g of bean pulp and 3g of general type I are uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, composting fermentation is carried out, when the temperature of the center of a pile reaches more than 45 ℃, the pile is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 1.2L/kg.min, and the continuous fermentation is carried out for 22d, thus obtaining the organic fertilizer.
The microbial agent is obtained by mixing cellulose decomposing bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, bacillus megatherium bacteria liquid and the like, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 6.6X10 9 CFU/mL.
The inventors performed field trials in Zunyi city, junxi and Wulong village, 4 to 9 months in 2023, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil base are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical Properties of soil foundation
The test sorghum variety is red skin sorghum red tassel for Maotai liquor, a transplanting planting mode is adopted, the test sorghum is transplanted in the days of 2023, 4 and 27, and the test sorghum is harvested in a unified way in the days of 2023, 8 and 22.
The test is carried out by setting 7 groups, the fertilizing amount is 200 kg/mu, the area of the test cell is 16.08m 2 (length 6.7m multiplied by width 2.4 m), 4 groups of repetition are set in each example, and the density is 7036 plants/mu. All fertilizers tested are applied on a disposable basis, and other field production management tested adopts the recommended technology of the local agricultural technology popularization department.
1 Measurement item
1.1 Soil basal nutrient
15 Cultivation layer soil with 0cm to 20cm is evenly distributed on the whole test field before and after sorghum transplanting, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil are measured by the following methods after air drying, grinding and sieving: pH is 2.5 according to the water-soil ratio: 1-measuring by a pH meter; the organic matter is prepared by a potassium dichromate volumetric method; total nitrogen was titrated with semi-microk-standard acid; leaching available phosphorus with 0.5mol/LNaHCO 3 -molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetry; quick-acting potassium was leached with 1mol/L NH 4 OAc-flame photometry. The specific data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 post-harvest soil sample nutrient content of sorghum
1.2 Aboveground biomass
When sorghum is harvested, 6 representative sorghum plants are sampled, wherein the growth vigor of each plot is consistent; at the time of sampling, the plants were sampled in alignment. After sampling, enzyme deactivation is carried out for 30min at 105 ℃, and the mixture is dried to constant weight in a baking oven at 60 ℃, and dry weight is recorded, and the biomass of the overground parts is converted in sequence. The specific data are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of different treatments on sorghum biomass (kg/mu)
| Treatment of | Biomass mass | Comparative example 3 amplification (%) |
| Example 1 | 923.5 | 33.53 |
| Example 2 | 925.1 | 33.76 |
| Example 3 | 937.5 | 35.56 |
| Example 4 | 942.8 | 36.32 |
| Comparative example 1 | 874.1 | 16.39 |
| Comparative example 2 | 862.6 | 14.73 |
| Comparative example 3 | 691.6 | — |
1.3 Agronomic traits of sorghum
When sorghum is harvested, the growth vigor of each district is selected to be consistent, and 6 representative sorghum plants are subjected to agronomic characters such as plant height, stem thickness, spike length, thousand grain weight and the like. The specific data are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 agronomic traits of different treated sorghum
1.4 Sorghum yield
When the sorghum is harvested, the sorghum in each cell is harvested and beaten. The sorghum is air-dried to constant weight, converted to water content and converted to total weight. The specific data are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 influence of different treatments on sorghum yield (kg/mu)
| Treatment of | Yield of products | Comparative example 3 stimulation | Yield increase (%) |
| Example 1 | 431.0 | 104.1 | 31.8 |
| Example 2 | 431.3 | 104.4 | 31.9 |
| Example 3 | 433.4 | 106.5 | 32.6 |
| Example 4 | 439.6 | 112.7 | 34.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 396.5 | 69.6 | 21.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 388.4 | 61.5 | 18.8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 326.9 | — | — |
1.5 Soil enzyme Activity and microbial count
In the harvest period, each cell adopts a W multipoint method (9 sampling points are selected), and 0-20 cm of plough layer soil is collected around the root system of sorghum for relevant index analysis. The collected soil sample is divided into 2 parts after being fully and uniformly mixed, and one part of ventilation part is naturally air-dried and used for measuring the soil enzyme activity; the other part is put in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ for cold storage and is measured as soon as possible for the microorganisms capable of being cultivated in the soil. The urease activity of the soil is measured by adopting a phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, the number of the culturable microorganisms is measured, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil are separated by adopting a dilution coating plate method, the colonies are counted by utilizing a plate colony counting method, and the bacteria are cultivated by using beef extract protein vein agar culture medium in a classified manner; culturing fungi with Ma Dingshi culture medium; actinomycetes were cultured in Gao's No. 1 medium. The specific data are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 soil enzyme Activity after harvesting of different treated sorghum and number of culturable microorganisms
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The special sorghum organic fertilizer for the Maotai-flavor white spirit is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of sorghum straw, 50-100 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-40 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 1-8 parts of microbial agent, 1-3 parts of general type I, 1-4 parts of glucose and 1-5 parts of soybean meal;
The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying and crushing distilled spirit vinasse, carbonizing to obtain carbon powder, adding the carbon powder into alkali liquor, stirring for reaction, filtering, washing the product to be neutral, and drying to obtain activated carbon powder;
(2) Placing gulfweed powder and polyglutamic acid in a closed reaction container, ensuring that two phases are not contacted, filling CO 2 to enable the gulfweed powder and the polyglutamic acid to be in a supercritical state, enabling supercritical CO 2 fluid to carry polyglutamic acid to carry out swelling reaction on gulfweed, and relieving pressure to obtain swelled gulfweed powder;
(3) Adding activated carbon powder and swelling gulfweed powder into deionized water, putting into an autoclave for hydrothermal treatment, filtering, dehydrating and crushing the product to obtain the modifier.
2. The special sorghum organic fertilizer for Maotai-flavor liquor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), vinasse is crushed to 100-200 meshes, the concentration of alkali liquor is 10-20wt%, and the dosage ratio of carbon powder to alkali liquor is 10g: 80-100 mL.
3. The special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), carbonization conditions are that heat is preserved for 2-5 hours at 300-500 ℃; stirring reaction is carried out for 30-60 min at the temperature of 40-60 ℃.
4. The special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of gulfweed powder to polyglutamic acid is 10: 4-16; the swelling reaction condition is 80-120℃ reacting for 10-30 min under 8-10 MPa.
5. The special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the dosage ratio of activated carbon powder, swollen gulfweed powder and deionized water is 10g: 1.6-4.2 g: 80-100 mL; the hydrothermal treatment condition is 120-200 and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4-8 h at the temperature.
6. The special organic fertilizer for sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is one or more of cellulolytic bacteria liquid, thermophilic streptomycete bacteria liquid, bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid and bacillus megaterium bacteria liquid.
7. A method for preparing the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: and uniformly mixing sorghum straw, edible fungus residues, plant ash, bean pulp, microbial agents, glucose, modifier and general type I, and composting and fermenting to obtain the special sorghum organic fertilizer for the Maotai-flavor liquor.
8. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein the composting fermentation condition is that when the temperature of the center of the compost reaches more than 45 ℃, the compost is turned over once every 2 days, the ventilation rate is 0.3-1.2L/kg.min, and the compost is continuously fermented for 20-25 d.
9. Use of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-7 in sorghum planting for Maotai-flavor liquor.
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