CN118294638A - Method and system for detecting concrete internal cracks based on image-impact echo - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting concrete internal cracks based on image-impact echo Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for detecting concrete internal cracks based on image-impact echo, wherein the method comprises the following steps of drilling cracks and shooting Kong Naquan section color pictures; processing the photo to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and extracting and counting crack characteristics in the binary image to obtain a crack curve in the hole and crack depth and width information; arranging measuring points, and acquiring a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through a detecting device; establishing a calculation model, and calculating and fitting by combining a time domain waveform diagram to obtain an out-hole crack curve and crack depth and width information; drawing the inside and outside crack curves in the same coordinate system, supplementing the internal crack information along the trend of the surface crack, and constructing a three-dimensional digital crack inside the concrete; the method provided by the invention utilizes the image to extract the crack characteristics in the hole in a digital manner and detects the crack characteristics outside the hole by an impact echo method, so that the comprehensive and accurate detection of the crack distribution inside the large-depth concrete can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete crack detection, in particular to a method and a system for detecting concrete internal cracks based on image-impact echo.
Background
Compared with the common concrete, the large-volume concrete has the obvious characteristics of large structural size, complex construction process, high cement hydration heat and the like, so that the large-volume concrete is easier to generate cracks in the construction and use processes, the influence of uneven settlement on the large-volume concrete is more prominent due to the large structural size, the more complex the development of the cracks towards the inside of the structure is along with the growth of time, the larger the depth is, and the detection requirement of deep cracks of the large-volume concrete is difficult to be met by a joint ultrasonic detection method commonly used for common concrete cracks. Therefore, the device and the method for rapidly, accurately and suitably detecting the large-volume concrete cracks have urgent practical requirements and important practical values.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for detecting the internal cracks of concrete based on image-impact echo, which aim to digitally extract the characteristics of the internal cracks of a hole and the characteristics of the external cracks of the hole by using an impact echo method, further define the development condition of the cracks along the depth direction, and effectively solve the problems of large difficulty, low precision and large workload of detecting the cracks of mass concrete.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo comprises the following steps:
Step S1: drilling holes at cracks on the surface of the concrete, taking out a drilling core sample, and shooting full-section color pictures of the inner wall of the drilling holes from top to bottom;
Step S2: based on an image digitization principle, combining a shot full-section color photo into a single picture, carrying out grey-scale treatment, calculating the grey-scale treated picture by adopting an image segmentation algorithm to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and carrying out pixel point extraction and statistics on the crack characteristic segmentation binary image to obtain an in-hole crack curve and depth and width information of an in-hole crack;
Step S3: taking the position where the crack in the hole disappears as the starting point of a crack curve outside the hole, arranging measuring points at a specified interval vertically downwards at the position, installing a detection device outside the hole after arranging the measuring points, and acquiring a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detection device;
Step S4: establishing a geometric calculation model of an out-hole crack curve, calculating crack point positions corresponding to all the measuring points according to a time domain waveform diagram of the measuring points, and linearly fitting the crack point positions to obtain the out-hole crack curve;
Step S5: taking a drilling starting point as a coordinate origin, establishing an X-axis-Y-axis coordinate system corresponding to a single drilling position, and integrally drawing an in-hole fracture curve extracted based on an image digitization principle and an out-hole fracture curve in the same coordinate system;
step S6: and (3) carrying out supplementary drilling along the trend of the concrete surface cracks, repeating the steps S1 to S5 to obtain crack information in the supplementary drilling positions, synthesizing a plurality of pieces of drilling crack information, and constructing the three-dimensional digital cracks in the concrete by adopting linear interpolation connection.
Further, the depth of drilling at the concrete surface crack depends on the downward development condition of the concrete surface crack, specifically, after drilling, multiple impact echo detection is performed on the specified height range of the bottom of the hole, the crack point depth is calculated after each impact echo detection, when the calculated crack point depth does not change any more, the drilling depth meets the requirement, otherwise, the drilling is continued downwards until the requirement is met, and at the moment, the crack point depth is the maximum depth of the concrete surface crack.
Further, the specific process for obtaining the depth information of the crack curve in the hole is as follows: extracting and stripping a crack segment of a communicated single pixel from the crack characteristic segmentation binary image, namely an in-hole crack curve; specifically, dividing the crack characteristic segmentation binary image into a plurality of rectangular areas, wherein the transverse dimension of the crack characteristic segmentation binary image is the drilling circumference, the vertical dimension of the crack characteristic segmentation binary image is the drilling depth, and the number of pixels of the divided rectangular areas isBlack pixel point corresponding to crack in holeWhite pixel pointThe depth of the crack in the hole is equal to the vertical dimension of the rectangular area.
Further, the specific process for obtaining the width information of the crack in the hole is as follows: the method comprises the steps of calculating the percentage of the number of black pixel points in each rectangular area to the total number of pixels to obtain the area of the crack in the hole, and dividing the area of the crack in the hole by the depth of the crack in the hole to obtain the width of the crack, wherein the formula is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Partition of binary image for fracture featureAverage width of the slits in the rectangular areas; partition of binary image for fracture feature The total number of rows of pixel points in the rectangular areas; partition of binary image for fracture feature Total column number of pixel points in each rectangular area; the coordinate parameters of the pixel points; Is the diameter of the borehole.
Further, the specific process of calculating the crack point position corresponding to each measuring point is as follows: the shortest propagation path of the stress wave of each measuring point is calculated, based on the detection principle of an impact echo method, the impact starting time and the arrival time of the stress wave head wave are extracted from the time domain oscillogram of the measuring point, and the positions of crack points corresponding to each measuring point are calculated by combining the calibrated wave speed and the shortest propagation path of the stress wave received by the acceleration sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Represents the horizontal distance between the crack point and the crack starting point outside the hole,Representing the vertical distance of the crack point from the crack start point outside the hole; for the shortest propagation distance of the stress wave, ，AndThe impact start time and the time of arrival of the stress wave P first wave at the acceleration sensor are respectively,For calibrating the wave speed; The distance from the starting point of the crack outside the hole to the center of the signal exciter; is the distance between the signal receiver and the acceleration sensor.
Further, the width of the crack at the position where the crack disappears in the hole is taken as the width of the crack corresponding to the echo amplitude of the first measuring point, the width of the crack corresponding to the echo amplitude of the last measuring point is 0, the width of the crack outside the hole of each measuring point except the first measuring point and the last measuring point is determined by linear interpolation calculation according to the echo amplitude and the crack depth, and the formula is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the firstThe width of the crack corresponding to each measuring point,Is the firstThe echo amplitude corresponding to each measuring point,The crack width is the crack disappearance position in the hole,For the echo amplitude of the first measurement point,The echo amplitude of the last measurement point.
Further, the detection device comprises a host, a signal exciter, an acceleration sensor, a wire, a straight rod, a door-shaped frame, a limiting wheel and an inflatable air bag; the door-shaped frame is erected at the top of a hole after the measuring points are arranged, a plurality of limiting wheels are arranged on the door-shaped frame, a straight rod passes through the limiting wheels on the door-shaped frame and then enters the hole, a signal exciter and an acceleration sensor are arranged at one side of the bottom of the straight rod, an inflatable air bag is arranged at the other side of the bottom of the straight rod, and a host is arranged at the top of the hole and connected with the signal exciter and the acceleration sensor; the number of the limiting wheels is four, and scales are marked on the straight rod.
Further, the specific process of acquiring the time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detecting device is as follows: and each measuring point uses a signal exciter to vertically strike the hole wall to generate stress waves, and the acceleration sensor receives wave signals and converts the received wave signals into electric signals to obtain a time domain waveform chart.
The image-impact echo-based concrete internal crack detection system is used for realizing an image-impact echo-based concrete internal crack detection method and comprises the following steps:
The image acquisition module is used for drilling holes at cracks on the surface of the concrete, taking out drilling core samples, and shooting full-section color pictures of the inner wall of the drilling holes from top to bottom;
The image processing module is used for combining the shot full-section color photo into a single picture based on an image digitization principle, carrying out grey-scale treatment, calculating the grey-scale treated picture by adopting an image segmentation algorithm to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and carrying out pixel point extraction and statistics on the crack characteristic segmentation binary image to obtain an in-hole crack curve and depth and width information of an in-hole crack;
The measuring point detection module is used for taking the position where the crack in the hole disappears as the starting point of the crack curve outside the hole, arranging measuring points at a specified interval vertically downwards at the position, installing a detection device outside the hole after arranging the measuring points, and acquiring a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detection device;
the information calculation module is used for establishing a geometric calculation model of the crack curve outside the hole, calculating crack point positions corresponding to all the measuring points according to the time domain waveform diagram of the measuring points, and linearly fitting the crack point positions to obtain the crack curve outside the hole;
And the crack generation module is used for establishing an X-axis-Y-axis coordinate system corresponding to a single drilling position by taking a drilling starting point as a coordinate origin, integrally drawing an in-hole crack curve extracted based on an image digitization principle and an out-hole crack curve obtained in the same coordinate system, supplementing drilling along the trend of the concrete surface crack, calculating to obtain the crack information in the supplemented drilling position, synthesizing a plurality of drilling crack information, and constructing the three-dimensional digital crack in the concrete by adopting linear interpolation connection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the method, the crack characteristics in the hole are extracted in a digital mode through the images, the crack characteristics outside the hole are detected through an impact echo method, the crack information of the space distribution and the corresponding position of the internal crack of the concrete is obtained, and the comprehensive and accurate detection of the internal crack of the mass concrete can be realized.
(2) According to the invention, the signal exciter and the acceleration sensor are fixed on the straight rod which can move horizontally and vertically, and the two components can be tightly attached to the hole wall to work through the arranged inflatable air bag, so that the working efficiency is greatly improved, the effective transmission of the front shock wave is ensured, and the receiving echo interference caused by the impact on the hole wall is reduced.
(3) The invention combines the advantages of image digitization and an impact echo method, can accurately describe the trend, depth and width of the crack only in one drilling hole, has smaller damage to the structure and lower detection cost, and has stronger application and popularization value in the aspect of detecting the large-volume concrete crack.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detecting device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of calculating the crack outside the hole by the impact echo method of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the crack propagation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a three-dimensional digital fracture of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a system configuration diagram of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a host; 2. a signal exciter; 3. an acceleration sensor; 4. a wire; 5. a straight rod; 6. a portal frame; 7. a limiting wheel; 8. and (5) inflating the air bag.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo comprises the following steps:
step S1: drilling holes at cracks on the surface of the concrete, taking out a drilling core sample, and taking full-section color pictures of the inner wall of the holes from top to bottom by adopting high-resolution in-hole image equipment;
The depth of drilling at the concrete surface crack depends on the downward development condition of the concrete surface crack, specifically, after drilling, multiple impact echo detection is carried out on a certain height range of the bottom of the hole, after each impact echo detection, the depth of the crack point is calculated by adopting the formula (2), when the calculated depth of the crack point is not changed any more, the depth of the drilling meets the requirement, otherwise, the drilling is continued downwards until the requirement is met, and at the moment, the depth of the crack point is the maximum depth of the concrete surface crack.
Step S2: based on an image digitization principle, combining a shot full-section color photo into a single picture, carrying out grey-scale treatment, calculating the grey-scale treated picture by adopting an image segmentation algorithm to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and carrying out pixel point extraction and statistics on the crack characteristic segmentation binary image to obtain an in-hole crack curve and depth and width information of an in-hole crack;
The specific process for obtaining the information of the crack curve and the crack depth in the hole is as follows: extracting and stripping a crack segment of a communicated single pixel from the crack characteristic segmentation binary image, namely an in-hole crack curve; specifically, dividing the crack characteristic segmentation binary image into a plurality of rectangular areas, wherein the transverse dimension of the crack characteristic segmentation binary image is the drilling circumference, the vertical dimension of the crack characteristic segmentation binary image is the drilling depth, and the number of pixels of the divided rectangular areas is Black pixel point corresponding to crack in holeThe rest of the white pixelsThe depth of the crack in the hole is equal to the vertical dimension of the rectangular area.
The specific process for obtaining the width information of the crack in the hole is as follows: the method comprises the steps of calculating the percentage of the number of black pixel points in each rectangular area to the total number of pixels to obtain the area of the crack in the hole, and dividing the area of the crack in the hole by the depth of the crack in the hole to obtain the width of the crack, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
（1）；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Partition of binary image for fracture featureAverage width of the slits in the rectangular areas; partition of binary image for fracture feature The total number of rows of pixel points in the rectangular areas; partition of binary image for fracture feature Total column number of pixel points in each rectangular area; the coordinate parameters of the pixel point represent the lines and columns respectively; Is the diameter of the borehole.
Step S3: taking the position where the crack in the hole disappears as the starting point of a crack curve outside the hole, arranging measuring points at a certain interval vertically downwards at the position, and installing a detection device outside the hole after arranging the measuring points, wherein a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point is obtained through the detection device as shown in fig. 2;
The detection device comprises a host machine 1, a signal exciter 2, an acceleration sensor 3, a lead 4, a straight rod 5, a door-shaped frame 6, a limiting wheel 7 and an inflatable airbag 8; the door-shaped frame 6 is erected at the top of a hole after the measuring points are arranged, a plurality of limiting wheels 7 are arranged on the door-shaped frame 6, a straight rod 5 passes through the limiting wheels 7 on the door-shaped frame 6 and then enters the hole, a signal exciter 2 and an acceleration sensor 3 are arranged on one side of the bottom of the straight rod 5, an inflatable air bag 8 is arranged on the other side of the bottom of the straight rod, a host machine 1 is arranged at the top of the hole, and the host machine 1 is connected with the signal exciter 2 and the acceleration sensor 3; the host 1 adopts a SET-PWI-01 model; each measuring point uses a signal exciter 2 to vertically strike the hole wall to generate stress waves, and an acceleration sensor 3 receives wave signals and converts the wave signals into electric signals to obtain a time domain waveform diagram;
the number of the limiting wheels 7 can be four, the straight rod 5 can horizontally and vertically move on the door-shaped frame 6 due to the existence of the four limiting wheels 7, the limiting wheels 7 can manually clamp and fix the straight rod 5, and accurate scales are marked on the straight rod 5 to ensure that the signal exciter 2 is positioned at the measuring point; the inflatable air bag 8 is inflated, so that the inflatable air bag 8 is inflated to push the signal exciter 2 and the acceleration sensor 3 on the straight rod 5 to be clung to the hole wall.
Step S4: the geometrical calculation model of the crack curve outside the hole is established, the shortest propagation path of the stress wave of each measuring point can be obtained by plotting the principle of 'the shortest line segment between two points', namely, each measuring point has and only can obtain one crack point position, as shown in figure 3, the shortest propagation path of the stress wave of each measuring point is calculated, based on the detection principle of an impact echo method, the impact starting time and the arrival time of the stress wave first wave are extracted from the time domain waveform diagram of the measuring point, and the crack point position corresponding to each measuring point is calculated by combining the calibrated wave speed and the shortest propagation path of the stress wave which can be received by the acceleration sensor 3, and the calculation formula is as follows:
（2）；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Represents the horizontal distance between the crack point and the crack starting point outside the hole,Representing the vertical distance of the crack point from the crack start point outside the hole; for the shortest propagation distance of the stress wave, ，AndThe impact start time and the time of arrival of the stress wave P first wave at the acceleration sensor are respectively,For calibrating the wave speed; Is the distance from the starting point of the crack outside the hole to the center of the signal exciter 2; The distance between the signal receiver and the acceleration sensor is set;
The method comprises the steps of taking the width of a crack at the position where the crack disappears in a hole as the width of the crack corresponding to the echo amplitude of a first measuring point, wherein the width of the crack corresponding to the echo amplitude of a last measuring point is 0, and performing linear interpolation calculation to determine the width of the crack outside the hole of each measuring point according to the echo amplitude and the depth of the crack, wherein the formula is as follows:
（3）；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the firstThe width of the crack corresponding to each measuring point,Is the firstThe echo amplitude corresponding to each measuring point,The crack width is the crack disappearance position in the hole,For the echo amplitude of the first measurement point,The echo amplitude of the last measurement point.
Step S5: establishing an X-axis-Y-axis coordinate system corresponding to a single drilling position by taking a drilling starting point as a coordinate origin, integrally drawing an in-hole crack curve extracted based on an image digitization principle and an out-hole crack curve obtained in the same coordinate system, and recording crack depth and corresponding width values in table 1 as shown in fig. 4;
step S6: and (5) carrying out supplementary drilling along the trend of the concrete surface cracks, repeating the steps S1 to S5 to obtain crack information in the supplementary drilling positions, synthesizing a plurality of pieces of drilling crack information, and constructing the concrete internal full-element three-dimensional digital cracks containing the information of positions, directions, depths, widths and the like by adopting linear interpolation connection, wherein the three-dimensional digital cracks are shown in figure 5.
TABLE 1 crack depth and corresponding width values
In the table 1, the contents of the components,、、Respectively representing the crack depths of a 1 st rectangular area, a 2 nd rectangular area and a3 rd rectangular area which are divided in the crack characteristic segmentation binary image;、、、、、 respectively representing the total line number and the total column number of pixel points of a1 st rectangular area, a2 nd rectangular area and a3 rd rectangular area which are divided in the crack characteristic segmentation binary image; 、、、、 And the vertical distances from the first measuring point, the second measuring point, the third measuring point, the fourth measuring point and the fifth measuring point to the starting point of the crack outside the hole are respectively shown.
As shown in fig. 6, the image-impact echo-based concrete internal crack detection system is used for realizing an image-impact echo-based concrete internal crack detection method, and comprises the following steps:
The image acquisition module is used for drilling holes at cracks on the surface of the concrete, taking out drilling core samples, and shooting full-section color pictures of the inner wall of the drilling holes from top to bottom;
The image processing module is used for combining the shot full-section color photo into a single picture based on an image digitization principle, carrying out grey-scale treatment, calculating the grey-scale treated picture by adopting an image segmentation algorithm to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and carrying out pixel point extraction and statistics on the crack characteristic segmentation binary image to obtain an in-hole crack curve and depth and width information of an in-hole crack;
The measuring point detection module is used for taking the position where the crack in the hole disappears as the starting point of the crack curve outside the hole, arranging measuring points at a specified interval vertically downwards at the position, installing a detection device outside the hole after arranging the measuring points, and acquiring a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detection device;
the information calculation module is used for establishing a geometric calculation model of the crack curve outside the hole, calculating crack point positions corresponding to all the measuring points according to the time domain waveform diagram of the measuring points, and linearly fitting the crack point positions to obtain the crack curve outside the hole;
And the crack generation module is used for establishing an X-axis-Y-axis coordinate system corresponding to a single drilling position by taking a drilling starting point as a coordinate origin, integrally drawing an in-hole crack curve extracted based on an image digitization principle and an out-hole crack curve obtained in the same coordinate system, supplementing drilling along the trend of the concrete surface crack, calculating to obtain the crack information in the supplemented drilling position, synthesizing a plurality of drilling crack information, and constructing the three-dimensional digital crack in the concrete by adopting linear interpolation connection.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1: drilling holes at cracks on the surface of the concrete, taking out a drilling core sample, and shooting full-section color pictures of the inner wall of the drilling holes from top to bottom;
Step S2: based on an image digitization principle, combining a shot full-section color photo into a single picture, carrying out grey-scale treatment, calculating the grey-scale treated picture by adopting an image segmentation algorithm to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and carrying out pixel point extraction and statistics on the crack characteristic segmentation binary image to obtain an in-hole crack curve and depth and width information of an in-hole crack;
Step S3: taking the position where the crack in the hole disappears as the starting point of a crack curve outside the hole, arranging measuring points at a specified interval vertically downwards at the position, installing a detection device outside the hole after arranging the measuring points, and acquiring a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detection device;
Step S4: establishing a geometric calculation model of an out-hole crack curve, calculating crack point positions corresponding to all the measuring points according to a time domain waveform diagram of the measuring points, and linearly fitting the crack point positions to obtain the out-hole crack curve;
Step S5: taking a drilling starting point as a coordinate origin, establishing an X-axis-Y-axis coordinate system corresponding to a single drilling position, and integrally drawing an in-hole fracture curve extracted based on an image digitization principle and an out-hole fracture curve in the same coordinate system;
step S6: and (3) carrying out supplementary drilling along the trend of the concrete surface cracks, repeating the steps S1 to S5 to obtain crack information in the supplementary drilling positions, synthesizing a plurality of pieces of drilling crack information, and constructing the three-dimensional digital cracks in the concrete by adopting linear interpolation connection.
2. The method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the depth of drilling at the concrete surface crack depends on the downward development condition of the concrete surface crack, specifically, after drilling, multiple impact echo detection is carried out on the specified height range of the bottom of the hole, the depth of the crack point is calculated after each impact echo detection, when the calculated depth of the crack point is not changed any more, the depth of the drilling meets the requirement, otherwise, the drilling is continued downwards until the requirement is met, and at the moment, the depth of the crack point is the maximum depth of the concrete surface crack.
3. The image-impact echo based concrete internal crack detection method according to claim 2, wherein: the specific process for obtaining the depth information of the crack curve in the hole is as follows: extracting and stripping a crack segment of a communicated single pixel from the crack characteristic segmentation binary image, namely an in-hole crack curve; specifically, dividing the crack characteristic segmentation binary image into a plurality of rectangular areas, wherein the transverse dimension of the crack characteristic segmentation binary image is the drilling circumference, the vertical dimension of the crack characteristic segmentation binary image is the drilling depth, and the number of pixels of the divided rectangular areas isBlack pixel point corresponding to crack in holeWhite pixel pointThe depth of the crack in the hole is equal to the vertical dimension of the rectangular area.
4. The method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo according to claim 3, wherein: the specific process for obtaining the width information of the crack in the hole is as follows: the method comprises the steps of calculating the percentage of the number of black pixel points in each rectangular area to the total number of pixels to obtain the area of the crack in the hole, and dividing the area of the crack in the hole by the depth of the crack in the hole to obtain the width of the crack, wherein the formula is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Partition of binary image for fracture featureAverage width of the slits in the rectangular areas; partition of binary image for fracture feature The total number of rows of pixel points in the rectangular areas; partition of binary image for fracture feature Total column number of pixel points in each rectangular area; the coordinate parameters of the pixel points; Is the diameter of the borehole.
5. The method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific process for calculating the positions of the crack points corresponding to each measuring point comprises the following steps: the shortest propagation path of the stress wave of each measuring point is calculated, based on the detection principle of an impact echo method, the impact starting time and the arrival time of the stress wave head wave are extracted from the time domain oscillogram of the measuring point, and the positions of crack points corresponding to each measuring point are calculated by combining the calibrated wave speed and the shortest propagation path of the stress wave received by the acceleration sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Represents the horizontal distance between the crack point and the crack starting point outside the hole,Representing the vertical distance of the crack point from the crack start point outside the hole; for the shortest propagation distance of the stress wave, ，AndThe impact start time and the time of arrival of the stress wave P first wave at the acceleration sensor are respectively,For calibrating the wave speed; The distance from the starting point of the crack outside the hole to the center of the signal exciter; is the distance between the signal receiver and the acceleration sensor.
6. The method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking the width of the crack at the position of disappearing the crack in the hole as the width of the crack corresponding to the echo amplitude of the first measuring point, wherein the width of the crack corresponding to the echo amplitude of the last measuring point is 0, and the width of the crack outside the hole of each measuring point except the first measuring point and the last measuring point is determined by linear interpolation calculation according to the echo amplitude and the crack depth, wherein the formula is as follows:
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the firstThe width of the crack corresponding to each measuring point,Is the firstThe echo amplitude corresponding to each measuring point,The crack width is the crack disappearance position in the hole,For the echo amplitude of the first measurement point,The echo amplitude of the last measurement point.
7. The method for detecting the internal cracks of the concrete based on the image-impact echo according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection device comprises a host, a signal exciter, an acceleration sensor, a wire, a straight rod, a door-shaped frame, a limiting wheel and an inflatable air bag; the door-shaped frame is erected at the top of a hole after the measuring points are arranged, a plurality of limiting wheels are arranged on the door-shaped frame, a straight rod passes through the limiting wheels on the door-shaped frame and then enters the hole, a signal exciter and an acceleration sensor are arranged at one side of the bottom of the straight rod, an inflatable air bag is arranged at the other side of the bottom of the straight rod, and a host is arranged at the top of the hole and connected with the signal exciter and the acceleration sensor; the number of the limiting wheels is four, and scales are marked on the straight rod.
8. The image-impact echo based concrete internal crack detection method according to claim 7, wherein: the specific process for acquiring the time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detection device comprises the following steps: and each measuring point uses a signal exciter to vertically strike the hole wall to generate stress waves, and the acceleration sensor receives wave signals and converts the received wave signals into electric signals to obtain a time domain waveform chart.
9. An image-impact echo based concrete internal crack detection system for implementing the image-impact echo based concrete internal crack detection method of claim 8, characterized by comprising:
The image acquisition module is used for drilling holes at cracks on the surface of the concrete, taking out drilling core samples, and shooting full-section color pictures of the inner wall of the drilling holes from top to bottom;
The image processing module is used for combining the shot full-section color photo into a single picture based on an image digitization principle, carrying out grey-scale treatment, calculating the grey-scale treated picture by adopting an image segmentation algorithm to obtain a crack characteristic segmentation binary image, and carrying out pixel point extraction and statistics on the crack characteristic segmentation binary image to obtain an in-hole crack curve and depth and width information of an in-hole crack;
The measuring point detection module is used for taking the position where the crack in the hole disappears as the starting point of the crack curve outside the hole, arranging measuring points at a specified interval vertically downwards at the position, installing a detection device outside the hole after arranging the measuring points, and acquiring a time domain waveform diagram of each measuring point through the detection device;
the information calculation module is used for establishing a geometric calculation model of the crack curve outside the hole, calculating crack point positions corresponding to all the measuring points according to the time domain waveform diagram of the measuring points, and linearly fitting the crack point positions to obtain the crack curve outside the hole;
And the crack generation module is used for establishing an X-axis-Y-axis coordinate system corresponding to a single drilling position by taking a drilling starting point as a coordinate origin, integrally drawing an in-hole crack curve extracted based on an image digitization principle and an out-hole crack curve obtained in the same coordinate system, supplementing drilling along the trend of the concrete surface crack, calculating to obtain the crack information in the supplemented drilling position, synthesizing a plurality of drilling crack information, and constructing the three-dimensional digital crack in the concrete by adopting linear interpolation connection.
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