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CN1182716C - 发送和接收编码图像的方法及其装置 - Google Patents

发送和接收编码图像的方法及其装置 Download PDF

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CN1182716C
CN1182716C CNB008008914A CN00800891A CN1182716C CN 1182716 C CN1182716 C CN 1182716C CN B008008914 A CNB008008914 A CN B008008914A CN 00800891 A CN00800891 A CN 00800891A CN 1182716 C CN1182716 C CN 1182716C
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time
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sampling
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CN1304615A (zh
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H��A��W������˹�ض�
H·A·W·范格斯特尔
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/08Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H04N7/087Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/04Synchronising
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/4302Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
    • H04N21/4305Synchronising client clock from received content stream, e.g. locking decoder clock with encoder clock, extraction of the PCR packets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47End-user applications
    • H04N21/488Data services, e.g. news ticker
    • H04N21/4884Data services, e.g. news ticker for displaying subtitles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/85Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
    • H04N21/854Content authoring
    • H04N21/8547Content authoring involving timestamps for synchronizing content
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/08Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H04N7/087Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only
    • H04N7/088Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital
    • H04N7/0882Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital for the transmission of character code signals, e.g. for teletext
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/08Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H04N7/087Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only
    • H04N7/088Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital
    • H04N7/0884Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital for the transmission of additional display-information, e.g. menu for programme or channel selection
    • H04N7/0885Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital for the transmission of additional display-information, e.g. menu for programme or channel selection for the transmission of subtitles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47End-user applications
    • H04N21/488Data services, e.g. news ticker
    • H04N21/4888Data services, e.g. news ticker for displaying teletext characters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/46Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for receiving on more than one standard at will

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

TeleWeb业务目前普遍开展,这种业务是在一般模拟电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送HTML编码图像。在诸如提供副标题和有目标的刊登广告的特殊应用中,有关的TeleWeb图像必须与电视信号的既定视频帧大致同步地显示出来。这是通过提前发送编码图像并将它们连同根据基准时钟确定拖延时间的时间标记(33)提供出来进行的。基准时钟最好从图文电视时钟时间(31,32)获取。可采用的显示时间标记为hh:mm:ss′ff,其中ff表示一秒内的帧。在接收机端,内插图文电视时钟以重建基准时钟,副标题则缓存起来直到显示时间标记与实际时钟时间相当为止。

Description

发送和接收编码图像的方法及其装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在模拟(即PAL,NTSC制式等)电视信号的不起作用(inactive)视频周期发送编码图像、与电视信号的既定帧同步地重放所述图像的方法。
背景技术
现行在模拟电视信号的不起作用视频周期发送编码图像、以便与电视信号的既定帧同步地重放的方法是环球系统图文电视公司(World System Teletext)提出的。早在70年代就标准化了的图文电视给副标题页面连同其它图文电视页面在电视信号消隐期间的传送带来方便。副标题与电视实况同步发送,即各副标题页面正好在有待重放的时间插入图文电视流中。由于图文电视信息是实时解码的,因而副标题页面毫无延迟地显示出来。
目前普遍在开展更复杂的数据业务系统,例如TeleWeb。TeleWeb图像是按HTML标准编码在电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送的。TeleWeb图像发送和显示之间的延迟事先是不知道的。且随不同的解码器而异。TeleWeb副标题图像这种未知的延迟带来了这样一个问题;难以使电视节目与其副标题操作同步。当电视节目以几种语言作为副标题播放时尤其如此。系统的带宽(垂直消隐期间的一行或少量的行)不足以实时传送所有的副标题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上述问题。
为达到此目的,根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种在模拟电视信号不起作用的视频周期发送编码图像以便与所述电视信号的既定帧同步地重放所述图像的方法,包括下列步骤:
在所述不起作用的视频周期反复发送基准时钟的时间取样;
在发送电视信号的所述既定帧之前估计接收机将显示所述既定帧的基准时钟时间;
将表示所述估计出的显示时间的显示时间标记存放入编码图像数据中;以及
在发送既定电视帧之前发送包括所述显示时间标记在内的所述编码图像数据。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种与模拟电视信号的既定帧同步地重放在所述电视信号不起作用的视频周期收到的图像的方法,包括下列步骤:
接收并存储表示所述图像含显示时间标记的编码图像数据;
在电视信号的不起作用的视频周期接收基准时钟的时钟取样;
根据所述时间取样产生基准时钟时间;以及
当所述显示时间标记表示的时间与所产生的基准时钟时间相当时重放所述图像。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了一种电视接收机,供与模拟电视信号的既定帧同步地重放在所述电视信号不起作用的视频周期收到的图像,包括:
第一装置,用于接收和存储表示所述图像且包括显示时间标记在内的编码图像数据;
第二装置,用于在电视信号的所述不起作用的视频周期接收基准时钟的时间取样,配置得使其根据所述时间取样产生基准时钟时间;和
第三装置,用于将所述显示时间标记表示的显示时间与所述基准时钟时间相比较,并在所述显示时间与基准时钟时间相当时使所述图像重放。
根据本发明的第四方面,提供了一种电视信号,由有效视频部分和无效视频部分组成,模拟视频信号存放在有效视频部分中,编码图像数据存放在无效视频部分中以便与所述模拟视频信号的既定帧同步地重放图像,所述电视信号包括:
在所述无效视频部分内反复出现的基准时钟的时间采样;
显示时间标记,存放在编码图像数据中,所述显示时间标记表示显示所述图像时的基准时钟时间。
本发明提前发遂编码图像,带有规定所要求显示的时间的时间标记,被存放在图像数据中。时间标记涉及基准时钟,其取样也在电视信号不起作用的视频部分传送。基准时钟最好是在图文电视业务的页标题或在图文电视信息包8/30传送的时种时间,从而传送基准时钟不需要增加传输容量。
应该指出的是,从图际专利申请WO96/19077本来就可以了解到副标题连同时间标记的提前传送。在此现有技术的系统中,副标题连同压缩的数字视频信号一起传送。数字视频信号已包括基准时钟。数字电视接收机有一个输入缓存器。压缩的视频信号即缓存在这个缓存器中以补偿帧数据变化着的量。编码视频帧包括表示这些编码视频帧应从缓存器除去和/或显示的时间,这样才不致使缓存器过载或欠载。这样,所传送的基准时钟控制电视显示的时间安排。由于副标题图像中的时间标记与同一基准时钟有关,因而副标题完全可以与视频信号的既定帧同步。
WO96/19077的教导不能应用到一般模拟电视系统中,因为模拟视频信号没有经过时间标记鉴定,因而不能运用数字系统提供的副标题和既定帧的同步化功能。相反,本发明可以估出既定帧根据外部基准时钟显示的时间。基准时钟连同电视信号一起传送,但与其视频内容没有任何关系。研究的结果表明,本发明的方法提供的同步化相当精确。
附图说明
图1是本发明发射机的原理图。
图2是说明发射机操作过程的各操作步骤的流程图。
图3示出了本发明的电视信号可能有的格式、
图4示出了本发明电视接收机的原理图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明发射机的原理图。这里假设播放中的电视节目是预录的节目,即内容从录像机1重放。录制的电视信号的各视频帧连续编了号。录像机在第二输出端输出当前的视频帧号n。
与电视节目有关的副标题事先准备好,以编码图像的形式存储在起副标题提供作用的计算机系统2上。计算机还为各副标题存储副标题重放所在的视频帧的帧号nd。提供副标题的计算机2接收来自录像机1当前的帧号n。
发射机还有一般的图文电视源3。图文电视源3产生按循环顺序排列的图文电视页面。一般图文电视业务包括实时时钟信号的传送。通常大家知道,真正的时钟时间是放在页标题的最后8个字符位置的。有些发射机还在通常叫做信息包8/30的专用图文电视信息包中传送实际时钟时间。在两者的情况下,这个时间是以hh:mm:ss的格式传送的,因此大致每秒种更新一次。
数据插入电路4将副标题图像数据和一般的图文电视数据插入视频信号垂直消隐期间经选择的各行中。接着,合成的视频信号加到调制器5上,以便经天线6或任何其它广播网络以射频的形式发射出去。
按照本发明,发射机还包括图文电视时钟提取电路7、副标题显示时间估计电路8和时间标记插入电路9。时钟提取电路7从图文电视业务(以上述hh:mm:ss的格式)提取实际时钟时间取样,电路7装有内插器件(或锁相环),以便在帧频分辨率下[即以1/25秒为单位(PAL制式)或以1/30秒为单位(NTSC制式)]产生实际时钟时间。
现在参看图2中所示的操作流程图说明发射机的工作过程。在步骤21中,计算机预先取出拟发送的下一个副标题,并读取所述副标题显示时拟取的视频帧的帧号nd。在步骤22,计算机接收当前的帧号n,并等待直到n大于nd-N为止,其中N为既定时段相应的帧数。举例说,以PAL制式下N=125,和NTSC制式下N=150表示5秒钟的时段。这样,n>nd-N这个条件表明副标题应在5秒钟内显示出来。若条件得到满定,就(由副标题显示时间估计电路8)执行步骤23,根据
t d = t + n d - n 25 (在PAL制式下)或
t d = t + n d - n 30 (在NTSC制式下)
估计显示副标题拟取的实际时钟时间。在步骤24,估计出的时间t4为编码副标题中取时间标记形式的插入图像(这个操作由时间标记插入电路9执行)。接着,在步骤25传送包括时间标记t4在内的副标题。不难理解,副标题提前5秒钟传送。
副标题的传送需要一定的时间,这取决于编码效率和可使用的带宽。传送之后,计算机返回步骤21取出下一个副标题。应该指出的是,下一个待传送的图像以不同的语言提供同一个副标题,因而可能与例如同一个帧号n4有关。在这种情况下,即刻满足n>nd-N(步骤22)这个条件。鉴于录像机提供的实际视频帧号n和实时时钟t两者已同时进入同步状态,因而以后的副标题会以大致相同的时间标记td传送。
图3示出了图1中所示的发射机所发射的模拟电视信号的一场。图1左边示出了电视的行数。如通常大家所知道的那样,模拟视频信号存放在电视行23-310(在另一场中为336-623行)中。电视行6-22(在另一场中为319-335)构成垂直消隐期间。在这个实例中,行10和11用来传送HTML编码副标题,行12-16用来传送一般的图文电视。在这个实例中,垂直消隐期间碰巧包括HTML编码副标题、图文电视页标题以及图文电视信息包8/30的开端。页标题和图文电视信息包8/30都包括hh:mm:ss格式的当前时间,这里hh:mm:ss为18:22:43。它们分别以31和32表示。副标题数据包括时间标记33。时间标记的值为18:22:47′12,这意味着副标题是在18:22:47在第12个帧显示的。
图4示出了本发明电视接收机的原理图。接收机包括输入端40、频道选择器41、视频处理电路42、叠加电路43、显示屏44、数据限制器45、副标题解码器46、字符发生器47、图文电视时钟提取电路48和比较器49。
频道选择器41将所收到的复合基带视频信号CVBS加到视频处理电路42,在电路42中经过处理,供在显示屏44上重放用。基带CVBS还加到数据限制器45上。数据限制器45的作用是再生埋设在电视信号垂直消隐期间中的数据信号。数据信号加到图文电视时钟提取电路48上。电路48与图1中的图文电视时钟提取电路7类似,包括一个锁相环供内插hh:mm:ss格式并在帧频分辨率下[即以1/25秒为单位(在PAL制式下)或以1/30秒为单位(在NTSC制式下)]产生实际时钟时间t,其作用是提取存放在图文电视页标题或图文电视信号包8/30中的实际时钟时间。数据信号进一步加到副标题解码器46上。副标题码器46是为将HTML编码图像解码成RGB或YUV副图像而配置的。副标题收到时就加以解码,再存入字符发生器47中,但在根据启动信号EN加以启动之前是不会显示出来的。
副标题解码器46也从副标题数据中提取存放在其中的时间标记td。时间标记td和实际时钟时间t加到比较器49上。比较器49当发现t和td相等时产生启动信号EN,从而可以将副标题与电视内容正确同步地显示出来。参看图3的实例可知这意味着在图文电视时钟时间18:22:43发送的副标题会在18:22:47在第12个帧显示出来。
本发明可以概括如下。远程息网业务目前普遍开展,这个业务是在一般模拟电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送HTML编码图像的。在诸如提供副标题和一定目标的刊登广告的特殊应用中,有关的远程息网图像必须与电视信号既定的视频帧大致同步地显示出来。这是通过提前发送编码图像并将它们连同根据基准时钟确定拖延时间的时间标题(33)提供出来。基准时钟最好从图文电视时钟时间(31,32)获取。可采用的显示时间标记为hh:mm:ss′ff,其中ff表示一秒钟内的一个帧。在接收机端,内插图文电视时钟以便重建基准时钟,副标题则缓存起来,直到显示时间标记与实际时钟时间相当为止。

Claims (8)

1.一种在模拟电视信号不起作用的视频周期发送编码图像以便与所述电视信号的既定帧同步地重放所述图像的方法,包括下列步骤:
在所述不起作用的视频周期反复发送基准时钟的时间取样;
在发送电视信号的所述既定帧之前估计接收机将显示所述既定帧的基准时钟时间;
将表示所述估计出的显示时间的显示时间标记存放入编码图像数据中;以及
在发送既定电视帧之前发送包括所述显示时间标记在内的所述编码图像数据。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,基准时钟的所述时间取样存放在所述电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送的图文电视信息包8/30中。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,基准时钟的所述时间取样存放在在所述电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送的图文电视页面的页标题中。
4.一种与模拟电视信号的既定帧同步地重放在所述电视信号不起作用的视频周期收到的图像的方法,包括下列步骤:
接收并存储表示所述图像含显示时间标记的编码图像数据;
在电视信号的不起作用的视频周期接收基准时钟的时钟取样;
根据所述时间取样产生基准时钟时间;以及
当所述显示时间标记表示的时间与所产生的基准时钟时间相当时重放所述图像。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,基准时钟的所述时间取样存放在所述电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送的图文电视信息包8/30中。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,基准时钟的所述时间取样存放在在所述电视信号的垂直消隐期间发送的图文电视页面的页标题中。
7.一种电视接收机,供与模拟电视信号的既定帧同步地重放在所述电视信号不起作用的视频周期收到的图像,包括:
第一装置(46),用于接收和存储表示所述图像且包括显示时间标记(33)在内的编码图像数据;
第二装置(48),用于在电视信号的所述不起作用的视频周期接收基准时钟的时间取样(31,32),配置得使其根据所述时间取样产生基准时钟时间(t);和
第三装置(49),用于将所述显示时间标记(33)表示的显示时间(td)与所述基准时钟时间相比较,并在所述显示时间与基准时钟时间相当时使所述图像重放。
8.一种电视信号,由有效视频部分和无效视频部分组成,模拟视频信号存放在有效视频部分中,编码图像数据存放在无效视频部分中以便与所述模拟视频信号的既定帧同步地重放图像,所述电视信号包括:
在所述无效视频部分内反复出现的基准时钟的时间采样;
显示时间标记,存放在编码图像数据中,所述显示时间标记表示显示所述图像时的基准时钟时间。
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