CN118271558A - 一种高纯烷基肼类聚氨酯材料的制备改进技术 - Google Patents
一种高纯烷基肼类聚氨酯材料的制备改进技术 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118271558A CN118271558A CN202410623887.3A CN202410623887A CN118271558A CN 118271558 A CN118271558 A CN 118271558A CN 202410623887 A CN202410623887 A CN 202410623887A CN 118271558 A CN118271558 A CN 118271558A
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- Prior art keywords
- diisocyanate
- hydrazine
- reaction
- methyl
- acid
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- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- -1 alkyl hydrazine Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002601 oligoester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dimethyhydrazine Chemical compound CN(C)N RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OJUGVDODNPJEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylglyoxal Chemical compound O=CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJUGVDODNPJEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)=NO WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopentane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCN=C=O DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YBQZXXMEJHZYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylhydrazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NNC1=CC=CC=C1 YBQZXXMEJHZYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methylpentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CCCN=C=O AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXKZIDYFAMKWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)OCCCCO1 AXKZIDYFAMKWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RNQBCZCPNUHWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dioxacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCO1 RNQBCZCPNUHWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GTLMTHAWEBRMGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C2CCCCC2)=C1 GTLMTHAWEBRMGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1 XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XXNOGQJZAOXWAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XXNOGQJZAOXWAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001606 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
一种高纯烷基肼类聚氨酯材料的制备改进技术,是一种新型聚氨酯类高分子材料的制备法,是由低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇与芳香族或脂肪族二异氰酸酯反应形成的预聚物,通过含有叔氮原子的肼类化合物进行反应得到的产物,利用二异氰酸酯、低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇和烷基肼类的优良性能,避免或阻止原料和反应过程不受控制的毒性杂质,改善起始原料包括扩链剂的使用条件获得高纯度产品,具有实现商业规模生产、降低成本、设备简单等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯类高分子材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种高纯烷基肼类聚氨酯材料的制备改进技术。
背景技术
聚氨酯作为一种高品质的材料,是主链含有重复氨基甲酸酯结构单元的一类聚合物,在各个领域的应用前景都非常广阔。聚氨酯类因其生物相容性、耐久性、强度、耐磨性、多功能性和具有更好的抗紫外线辐射性而闻名,已被广泛应用于汽车工业、家具、服装、运动器具、设施、软管、电缆、建筑、包装、生物医学等领域等。随着聚氨酯在不同领域日益广泛地应用越来越受重视,对其质量要求也越来越高,杂质越少的高纯品越来越受欢迎。
已知有多种制备传统聚氨酯材料的方法:在第一阶段由低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇与芳香族或脂肪族二异氰酸酯反应形成含反应性NCO基团的预聚物,然后在第二阶段分别用低分子量的二醇或二胺或另一种含有活性H原子的化合物进行分子链延伸反应实现的。其中扩链剂为二胺类的嵌段聚醚聚氨酯类由于其优良的机械性能和生物相容性,在用于植入体内的医用材料方面受到了广泛重视,美国 Ethicon 公司推荐的产品 Biomer 也属于这一类。它的高辐射稳定性也早已受到人们的重视(方禹声、朱吕民等编,聚氨酯泡沫塑料,化学工业出版社,1984,373-483),这种高辐射稳定性聚合物用于宇航和核反应堆结构材料及医用材料领域。哈鸿飞,阿依别克,杨福良(北京大学) “聚酰胺和聚醚聚氨酯辐射稳定性研究”,工程塑料应用,1988,31,4:32-34,52中报道指出用分子量分别为1100和1800的聚四次甲基醚二醇(PTMG)与4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)反应得到预聚物不经分离即与扩链剂乙二胺(ED)反应形成相应的嵌段聚醚氨酯弹性体样品,通过25000居里:60Co-γ源装置中进行不同剂量的辐照,对它做了详细的辐射接枝改性及稳定性方面进行了深入的研究,结果表明软段醚键的存在使其辐射稳定性明显低于聚酰胺。然而仍不失为一种辐射稳定性较好的聚合物。嵌段聚醚聚氨酯(SPEU)是一种良好的生物医用高分子材料,经辐射接枝改性扩大了其医学中的应用范围。常用的胺扩链剂包括乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺。这些胺扩链剂含有2个活性基本相同的伯胺基团,在高浓度预聚体的情况下,两个伯胺基团几乎同时和预聚体上的异氰酸酯基团反应,粒子间的扩链反应难以避免。烷基肼类含有一个伯胺基、一个仲胺基或叔胺基,一方面可以降低粒子间的扩链反应,另一方面提高聚氨酯的稳定性,是一种性能优良的扩链剂。
不断钻研改进传统的聚氨酯合成方法及医用聚合物的改性方面逐渐受到重视,比如该反应中所用的二元醇、二元胺扩链剂由烷基肼类替代制备聚醚型或聚酯型聚氨酯新型材料弹性体目前是正在发展的热门新课题。科学家们对这种新型聚氨酯材料的合成、性质、稳定性和生物相容性方面做了大量研究。Y. V. Savelyev,V. Y. Veselov “Synthesisand structural peculiarities of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine-based polyurethanes”Journal of Applied Polymer Science(2009),公开发表用偏二甲基肼作为扩链剂制备了属于烷基肼类的聚氨酯及结构特性研究内容。乌克兰专利UA53729C2(2003.02.17),乌克兰专利UA54533C2和乌克兰专利UA54960C2分别公开了1,1-二甲基肼作为扩链剂制备聚氨酯高分子材料新技术方法。虽然该方法得到的新型聚氨酯材料的机械性能、稳定性、抗紫外线辐射等方面有了一些改进,但是专利公开的制备方法由于剧毒的肼类化合物易氧化分解变色和二异氰酸酯原料在反应中不稳定性等因素而产生的副反应及剧毒的肼类衍生物残留直接影响目标产物纯度、性能和颜色等。目前现有的专利方法在工业大生产中难度更为突出,使目标产品更为复杂化,工业上限制使用易燃易爆危险品如丙酮、乙醚等化合物,对副反应及肼类衍生物杂质的控制难度加倍,含氮毒性杂质渗到目标产物里导致产品成分复杂化,纯化难度增加,直接影响产率及环境,因此更不利于工业生产。杂质在实际生产过程中很难分离,不仅增加生产成本,更重要的是很难达到医用级 。
1,1-二甲基肼(UDMH)是含叔氮原子的肼类化合物的一种,在航天工程中被广泛用作燃料。目前由于固体燃料的替代和战略武器的减少,世界上直到现在积累了大量的1,1-二甲基肼(UDMH)。
包括1,1-二甲基肼在内的属于叔氮原子的肼类化合物的开发利用是一个极其紧迫的问题。作为本行业的技术人员,非常有必要将这些烷基肼类作为起始原料开发多种新型聚氨酯高分子材料,更重要的是能够解决现有技术上的弊端,因此,既能利用二异氰酸酯、低聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇和烷基肼类的优良性能,又能避免或阻止原料和反应过程不受控制的毒性杂质就成为亟待解决的问题。改善起始原料包括扩链剂的使用条件,以尽量减少副反应和肼类衍生残留的控制更为重要。
要得到用于生产医用新型高分子聚合材料,首先在传统生产工艺的基础上进一步改进每一种原材料在反应过程的控制参数是非常重要的,针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种烷基肼类高纯度聚氨酯材料的制备改进技术,是操作安全、提高产率、环保的新工艺,在原有的嵌段聚醚聚氨酯合成工艺基础上提供了一种新的技术方法,该发明方法最适合于大规模工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明为了完成和克服上述传统制备工艺的缺点,为解决目前大量积累被当成工业废料的含有叔氮原子的剧毒肼类化合物包括1,1-二甲基肼等工业废料能得到充分利用,为了工业废液更好地实现变废为宝问题,发明了一种制备高纯度聚氨酯新型高分子材料工业化大生产工艺改进技术,控制和消除杂质全部来源,提高产品纯度和稳定性,它是环保、安全可靠、纯度高、低成本高收率的可信方法。
本发明提供的制备方法包括以下步骤:脱水处理带有稳定剂的二异氰酸酯原料和含缓冲剂的有机溶剂的混合溶液与含副反应控制剂的低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇混合溶液相互反应得到的预聚物,或在二次聚合反应所形成的混合性预聚物中加入带有抗氧剂的烷基肼类扩链、叔胺类或锡类催化剂后进行反应,加入链终止剂制得的粗品使用一种肼类杂质清除剂处理后的溶液可以通过常规的真空浓缩、冷却结晶、离心分离、干燥等方法得到白色蜡状不同分子质量的各种高纯度聚氨酯(聚醚型聚氨酯或聚酯型聚氨酯)产品的方法包括:
1.组成成分为:所述二异氰酸酯包括芳香族或脂肪族二异氰酸酯为1,4-丁二异氰酸酯、1,5-戊二异氰酸酯(PDI)、1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)、赖氨酸异氰酸酯、2-甲基-1,5-戊二异氰酸酯、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化二甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、2,4'-和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种组合,优选1,5-戊二异氰酸酯(PDI)、1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);所述二异氰酸酯稳定剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯中的一种或至少两种组合;所述的缓冲剂为甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、草酸、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、磷酸、苯酚中的一种或至少两种组合;所述的低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇为聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)分子量为250±25~3000±100优选250±25~1800±50、聚己二酸已二醇酯(PEA)、聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)、聚己内酯(CPCL)中的一种或两种组合;所述的有机溶剂为醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)、丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、丁酮、环已酮,二甲亚砜(DMSO)、甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的两种或两种以上的组合;所述副反应控制剂为磷酸、磷酸三苯酯、甲苯、氯仿、甲基乙基酮肟中的两种或两种以上的组合;所述的抗氧化剂为间苯二酚、亚磷酸类、抗坏血酸、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷氯化物、柚皮苷、6-丁基酚、氯化(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑)、特丁基对苯二酚、柠檬酸中的至少一种;所述的链终止剂为甲醇、异丁醇、1-丁醇中的至少一种;所述的催化剂为三亚乙基二胺、二甲基乙醇胺、N-甲基吗啡啉、N,N-二甲基环已胺、辛酸亚锡、油酸亚锡、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、二丁基二月桂酸锡(DBTDL)中的至少一种;所述的烷基肼类化合物为1,1-二甲基肼、1,1-二乙基肼、1,2-二甲基肼、1,2-二苯肼、1,1,2-三甲基肼、苯肼、对氯苯肼、乙基肼、1-甲基肼中的至少一种;所述的肼类杂质消除剂为苯乙酮、苯甲醛、乙二醛(GO)、甲基乙二醛(MGO)、醋酸和醋酸酐、甲酸钠、苯乙二醛(PGO)、乙酸乙酯的一种或两种组合。
2.成分比例:所述异氰酸酯稳定剂的加入量是异氰酸酯重量的0.3~5%;所述的二氰酸酯与二元醇摩尔比为NCO:OH=1:0.2~1.5;所述的有机溶剂与二氰酸酯重量比为1~3.5:1(m/m); 所述预聚体与扩链剂的摩尔比为1:1~3.5;所述的缓冲剂是有机溶剂重量的0.1~3.5%;所述的催化剂加入量是二异氰酸酯重量的0.001~0.2%;所述副反应控制剂与低聚多元醇重量比为1:50~300;所述抗氧化剂加入量与烷基肼类重量比为1:25~400;所述的链终止剂加入量是二异氰酸酯重量的3~25%;所述的肼类反应消除剂的加入量是烷基肼类重量1~30%;聚合反应温度一般为0~150℃,优选20~110℃,恒温反应时间为0.5~5小时,聚合反应压力为0.05~0.2Mpa;扩链反应温度控制在0~100℃,优选15~80℃;恒温反应时间为0.5~3小时,扩链反应压力为0.05~0.2Mpa;肼类杂质消除反应温度一般为0~130℃,优选40~100℃,恒温反应时间0.5-3h,压力为0.1~0.3Mpa。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将有助于对本发明的了解,但这些实施例仅为了对本发明加以说明,本发明并不限于这些内容。
实施例1
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏的25.03kg(100mol)4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(含13g4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)和通入CO2气体(带有模式干燥装置)缓冲的干燥30kg二甲亚砜(DMSO)、34kg4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)及25kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min,再次加入35kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇和适量甲基乙基酮肟的二甲亚砜溶液,继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力为0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加9.82kg含80g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后将其冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂甲醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入210g苯甲醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃压力0.2Mpa恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品82.0kg(95.3%)。样品通过FTIR(KBr)鉴定:3100~3300cm-1(N-H),2863cm-1和2945cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1115cm-1(醇段的C-O-C),1650~1700cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),1597~1600cm-1(苯环),2260~2270cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.73(s,6H)-(CH3)2、δ,ppm:3.33~3.40(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:6.680~7.56(m,苯基H)、δ,ppm:8.96 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例2
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏的25.03kg(100mol)4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(含13g4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)和通入CO2气体(带有模式干燥装置)缓冲的干燥30kg二甲亚砜(DMSO)、34kg4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)及7.37kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min后加入31.78kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM650)和适量甲基乙基酮肟的二甲亚砜溶液,继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加4.84kg含80g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后将其冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续进行反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂甲醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入210g苯甲醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃压力0.2Mpa恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品61.4kg(95.7%);经IR、PMR和HPTLC都未发现相关杂质峰或相关的肼类杂质斑点,取得均质反应物中DMF和UDMH的残留量低于0.10%。样品通过FTIR(KBr)鉴定:3100~3300cm-1(N-H),2863cm-1和2945cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1115cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1650~1700cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),1597~1600cm-1(苯环),2260~2270 cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.73(s,6H)-(CH3)2、δ,ppm:3.33~3.40(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:6.68~7.56(m,苯基H)、δ,ppm:8.96 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例3
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏的25.03kg(100mol)4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和干燥过的30kg二甲亚砜(DMSO)、34kg4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)及25kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min后加入35kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇,继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加9.82kg含80g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂甲醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.2Mpa条件下恒温5小时后取样检测,减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得淡黄色蜡状产品78.7kg(91.5%);样品通过FTIR (KBr)鉴定:3100~3300cm-1(N-H),2861cm-1和2946cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1113cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1650~1700cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),1597~1600cm-1(苯环),除此之外明显看到2263cm-1处NCO基团的吸收峰和很多其它杂质官能团的吸收峰,该聚合反应中NCO基团未完全转化产生副反应;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.75(s,6H)-(CH3)2 、δ,ppm:3.31~3.38(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:6.68~7.52(m,苯基H)、δ,ppm:9.01(bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),在化学位移不同之处看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰和副反应杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,除出现拖尾不对称斑点外,还有相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质的多个斑点,测试的熔点误差范围±4℃,证明该产品纯度不高。
实施例4
实施例1中所述得到的二异氰酸酯预聚物取40.0kg(25mol)在氮气保护下滴加3.51kg含50g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌10~30min,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,再向聚合釜中加入4.3g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂异丙醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入210g苯甲醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃,压力0.2Mpa,恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品40.7kg(94.6%);样品通过FTIR (KBr)鉴定:3100~3300cm-1(N-H),2865和2944cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1117cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1653和1700cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),1595~1600cm-1(苯环),2260~2270cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.73(s,6H)-(CH3)2 、δ,ppm:3.31~3.40(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:6.67~7.52(m,苯基H)、δ,ppm:8.87 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例5
实施例2中所述得到的二异氰酸酯预聚物取32.1kg(14.3mol)在氮气保护下滴加2.73kg含60g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂异丁醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入180g甲基乙二醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃,压力0.2Mpa,恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品32.1kg(95.0%);样品通过FTIR(KBr)鉴定:3100~3300cm-1(N-H),2865cm-1和2945cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1115cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1651~1698cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),1596~1600cm-1(苯环),2260~2270cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.73(s,6H)-(CH3)2、δ,ppm:3.31~3.37(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:6.67~7.56(m,苯基H)、δ,ppm:8.96 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰。通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例6
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏的25.03kg 4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(含13g4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、干燥的64kg二甲基甲酰胺(含210g苯酚)及25kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min,再次加入35kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇和适量甲基乙基酮肟的二甲基甲酰胺溶液,继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力为0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加7.08kg含80g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂甲醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入210g苯甲醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃、0.2Mpa压力下恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品81.7kg(95.0%);样品通过FTIR(KBr)鉴定:3100~3300cm-1(N-H),2863cm-1和2945cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1115cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1650~1700cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),1597~1600cm-1(苯环),2260-2270cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.73(s,6H)-(CH3)2 、δ,ppm:3.33~3.40(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:6.680~7.56(m,苯基H)、δ,ppm:8.96 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例7
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏21.2kg的1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(含13g4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)和通入CO2 气体(带有模式干燥装置)缓冲的干燥30kg二甲亚砜(DMSO)、34kg 4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)及9.4kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min,再次加入40.1kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM650)和适量甲基乙基酮肟的二甲亚砜溶液,继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力为0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加4.16kg含80g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂甲醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压加入210g苯甲醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃,0.2Mpa压力下恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品71.0kg(94.9%);样品通过FTIR (KBr)鉴定:3110~3320cm-1(N-H),2837cm-1和2958cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1113cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1682~1690cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),2260~2270cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.70(s,6H)-(CH3)2 、δ,ppm:3.33~3.36(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:7.43 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例8
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏21.2kg的1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和干燥过的30kg二甲亚砜(DMSO)、34kg4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)及9.4kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min,再次加入40.1kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加5.14kg的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂异丁醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.2Mpa恒温5小时后取样检测,减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得淡黄色蜡状67.0kg(89.5%)产品;样品通过FTIR (KBr)鉴定:3110~3320cm-1(N-H),2837cm-1和2958cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1114cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1684~1692cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),2270cm-1处明显看到NCO基团吸收峰和很多其它杂质官能团的吸收峰,该聚合反应中NCO基团未完全转化产生副反应;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.70(s,6H)-(CH3)2 、δ,ppm:3.34~3.38(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:7.64(bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),另外在化学位移不同之处看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰和副反应杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,除出现拖尾不对称斑点外,还有相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质的多个斑点,测试的熔点误差范围±4℃,证明该产品纯度不高。
实施例9
经充分干燥用氮气置换空气的500升反应釜中,加入新蒸馏的21.2kg1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(含13g4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)和干燥的64kg二甲基甲酰胺(含180g苯酚)及9.4kg干燥的聚四亚甲基醚二醇(MM1100)混合搅拌,反应全程氮气保护,温度90(±2)℃压力0.12Mpa进行反应,恒温10~30min,加入40.1kg聚四亚甲基醚二醇和适量甲基乙基酮肟的二甲基甲酰胺溶液,继续恒温1.5~2.5h,压力为0.12Mpa,用IR或HPTLC检测聚合反应是否终止,然后冷却至50℃以下,滴加6.01kg含80g抗坏血酸的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌1小时,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入8.5g油酸亚锡作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂甲醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃,0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入210g苯甲醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃,压力0.2Mpa,恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品71.3kg(95.3%);经IR、PMR和高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)都未发现相关杂质峰或相关的肼类杂质斑点;样品通过FTIR (KBr)鉴定:3110~3319cm-1(N-H),2837cm-1和2957cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1114cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1682~1690cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),2260~2270 cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.70(s,6H)-(CH3)2、δ,ppm:3.33~3.36(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:7.48(bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
实施例10
实施例9中所述得到的二异氰酸酯预聚物取35.3kg(16.9mol)在氮气保护下滴加3.12kg含60g苯二酚的1,1-二甲基肼,50℃以下搅拌10~30min,然后将温度升高到80~90℃,釜内压力0.12Mpa,恒温3小时后冷却到50℃以下,在聚合釜中加入4.3g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯作为催化剂,继续反应,反应结束后,加入终止剂异丁醇2.8kg,96(±2)℃、0.05Mpa条件下反应1.5h后冷却,常压下加入105g甲基乙二醛继续搅拌,温度80~90℃,0.2Mpa压力下恒温3小时后减压蒸馏、用水萃取、冷却经双机(即脱水挤压干燥机和膨胀挤压干燥机)干燥后得白色透明蜡状产品36.1kg(96.5%);样品通过FTIR (KBr)鉴定:3110~3319cm-1(N-H),2837cm-1和2957cm-1(甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰),1114cm-1(醇段的C-0-C),1682~1690 cm-1(-NH-CO-酰胺基),2260~2270cm-1处未看到属于NCO基团的吸收峰和其它衍生物及副反应的明显杂质峰;通过1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d)光谱检测:化学位移(δ值)分别为δ,ppm:2.70(s,6H)-(CH3)2、δ,ppm:3.34~3.36(m,2H)-CH2-、δ,ppm:7.39 (bs,-NH-CO-酰胺基),除此之外未看到属于伯氨、仲胺和烷基肼类衍生物的其它杂质峰;通过高效薄层色谱仪(HPTLC)检测样品,只出现一个圆形对称斑点,未检测到相关肼类衍生物和其它杂质斑点,测试的熔点误差范围不超过±1℃,证明该产品是高纯度聚合物。
Claims (3)
1.一种高纯烷基肼类聚氨酯材料的制备改进技术,其特征在于:脱水处理带有稳定剂的二异氰酸酯原料和含缓冲剂的有机溶剂的混合溶液与含副反应控制剂的低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇混合溶液相互反应得到的预聚物,或在二次聚合反应所形成的混合性预聚物中加入带有抗氧剂的烷基肼类扩链、叔胺类或锡类催化剂后进行反应,加入链终止剂制得的粗品使用一种肼类杂质清除剂处理后的溶液可以通过常规的真空浓缩、冷却结晶、离心分离、干燥等方法得到白色蜡状不同分子质量的各种高纯度聚氨酯(聚醚型聚氨酯或聚酯型聚氨酯)产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法其特征在于:所述二异氰酸酯包括芳香族或脂肪族二异氰酸酯为1,4-丁二异氰酸酯、1,5-戊二异氰酸酯(PDI)、1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)、赖氨酸异氰酸酯、2-甲基-1,5-戊二异氰酸酯、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化二甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、2,4'-和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种组合,优选1,5-戊二异氰酸酯(PDI)、1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);所述二异氰酸酯稳定剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯中的一种或至少两种组合;所述的缓冲剂为甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、草酸、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、磷酸、苯酚中的一种或至少两种组合;所述的低聚醚多元醇或低聚酯多元醇为聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)分子量为250±25~3000±100优选250±25~1800±50、聚己二酸已二醇酯(PEA)、聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)、聚己内酯(CPCL)中的一种或两种组合;所述的有机溶剂为醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)、丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、丁酮、环已酮,二甲亚砜(DMSO)、甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的两种或两种以上的组合;所述副反应控制剂为磷酸、磷酸三苯酯、甲苯、氯仿、甲基乙基酮肟中的两种或两种以上的组合;所述的抗氧化剂为间苯二酚、亚磷酸类、抗坏血酸、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷氯化物、柚皮苷、6-丁基酚、氯化(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑)、特丁基对苯二酚、柠檬酸中的至少一种;所述的链终止剂为甲醇、异丁醇、1-丁醇中的至少一种;所述的催化剂为三亚乙基二胺、二甲基乙醇胺、N-甲基吗啡啉、N,N-二甲基环已胺、辛酸亚锡、油酸亚锡、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、二丁基二月桂酸锡(DBTDL)中的至少一种;所述的烷基肼类化合物为1,1-二甲基肼、1,1-二乙基肼、1,2-二甲基肼、1,2-二苯肼、1,1,2-三甲基肼、苯肼、对氯苯肼、乙基肼、1-甲基肼中的至少一种;所述的肼类杂质消除剂为苯乙酮、苯甲醛、乙二醛(GO)、甲基乙二醛(MGO)、醋酸和醋酸酐、甲酸钠、苯乙二醛(PGO)、乙酸乙酯的一种或两种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法其特征在于:所述异氰酸酯稳定剂的加入量是异氰酸酯重量的0.3~5%;所述的二氰酸酯与二元醇摩尔比为NCO:OH=1:0.2~1.5;所述的有机溶剂与二氰酸酯重量比为1~3.5:1(m/m); 所述预聚体与扩链剂的摩尔比为1:1~3.5;所述的缓冲剂是有机溶剂重量的0.1~3.5%;所述的催化剂加入量是二异氰酸酯重量的0.001~0.2%;所述副反应控制剂与低聚多元醇重量比为1:50~300;所述抗氧化剂加入量与烷基肼类重量比为1:25~400;所述的链终止剂加入量是二异氰酸酯重量的3~25%;所述的肼类反应消除剂的加入量是烷基肼类重量1~30%;聚合反应温度一般为0~150℃,优选20~110℃,恒温反应时间为0.5~5小时,聚合反应压力为0.05~0.2Mpa;扩链反应温度控制在0~100℃,优选15~80℃;恒温反应时间为0.5~3小时,扩链反应压力为0.05~0.2Mpa;肼类杂质消除反应温度一般为0~130℃,优选40~100℃,恒温反应时间0.5-3h,压力为0.1~0.3Mpa。
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