CN118276313B - Aberration modeling method and correction system for large-caliber optical system - Google Patents
Aberration modeling method and correction system for large-caliber optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-caliber optical system aberration modeling method and a correction system, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining model parameters of each element of an optical system; describing a fresnel diffraction optical process of the optical system from object to image based on fourier optics to construct a differentiable optical model; and describing the aberration of the optical system by using a Zernike polynomial to perform phase modulation on the differentiable optical model, and outputting the model parameter input modulated differentiable optical model to obtain a first point spread function image of the optical system. The invention establishes a global differentiable model of the optical system, so that the forward propagation of the whole optical system can be reversely pushed and analyzed layer by layer, thereby solving the problem of aberration calculation by using a gradient optimization mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a large-caliber optical system aberration modeling method and a correction system.
Background
In a practical optical system, a phenomenon in which an imaging effect deviates from an ideal case, which is called aberration, often occurs due to manufacturing and design limitations of an optical element. The presence of aberrations may cause problems such as image distortion, reduced resolution, color shift, etc. In complex optical systems, aberrations introduced by different elements may overlap each other, resulting in more serious image quality problems. It is therefore a critical task in the design and application of optical systems to reduce and eliminate aberrations.
To overcome the adverse effects of aberrations on image quality, the field of optical engineering employs a variety of techniques and approaches including the use of compound lens designs, multilayer coating techniques, digital compensation and adaptive optics, and the like. The compound lens design method uses a plurality of lens elements to work cooperatively to correct different types of aberrations. Multilayer coating techniques in optical systems can be used to reduce reflection and increase transmission, and digital image processing techniques can correct aberrations during the image imaging phase. The adaptive optical system dynamically adjusts the optical element by using the aberration information measured in real time to adapt to the aberration correction requirements under different conditions. In the course of optical system design, optimization algorithms and optimum design principles are also widely used to minimize various aberrations and improve overall system performance.
The accurate calculation of aberration is a prerequisite for reducing aberration, and the current method for calculating aberration of an optical system mainly comprises the steps of establishing an optical model and estimating aberration according to optical experiment and simulation results. The method has extremely high requirements on the precision of instruments and experiments, and can be limited by factors such as equipment limitation, environmental conditions and the like, so that aberration estimation is inaccurate, and the imaging capability and the precision of the system are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
Therefore, the invention provides a large-caliber optical system aberration modeling method, which establishes a global differentiable model of an optical system, so that forward propagation of the whole optical system can be reversely pushed and analyzed layer by gradient feedback to optimize any layer in the model according to output information of the model.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an aberration correction system for a large-aperture optical system.
A third object of the invention is to propose a computer device.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for modeling aberration of a large-caliber optical system, including:
obtaining model parameters of each element of the optical system;
describing a fresnel diffraction optical process of the optical system from object to image based on fourier optics to construct a differentiable optical model;
And describing the aberration of the optical system by using a Zernike polynomial to perform phase modulation on the differentiable optical model, and outputting the model parameter input modulated differentiable optical model to obtain a first point spread function image of the optical system.
The aberration modeling method of the large-caliber optical system provided by the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
In one embodiment of the invention, after obtaining the first point spread function image of the optical system, the method further comprises:
and obtaining the aberration of the optical system based on the first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image.
In one embodiment of the invention, the model parameters include: magnification, focal length, numerical aperture, and microlens array information of the lens.
In one embodiment of the invention, an object point is placed at an object plane of the optical system to acquire said second point spread function image of the optical system at an image plane.
In one embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the optical system aberration based on the first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image includes:
taking various coefficients of a Zernike polynomial as optimized variables, and calculating errors between the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image to serve as a loss function;
updating and optimizing the value of each term coefficient of the Zernike polynomial in a gradient feedback mode, and comparing the errors of the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image with a preset threshold value to obtain a loss calculation result;
And taking the final value of the optimized variable as each coefficient of a Zernike polynomial based on the loss calculation result to obtain the aberration of the optical system.
According to the aberration modeling method and the aberration correction system for the large-caliber optical system, a global differentiable model of the optical system is established, so that forward propagation of the whole optical system can be reversely pushed and analyzed layer by layer through gradient feedback of any layer in an optimization model according to output information of the model. And the gradient optimization mode is used for solving the problem of aberration estimation, and the system aberration is continuously optimized, calculated and estimated through the error between the pattern of the point spread function output by the optical system and the ideal pattern.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a third aspect of the present application provides a computer apparatus, including: a processor and a memory; wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading the executable program code stored in the memory for implementing the method according to the embodiment of the first aspect.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of modeling aberrations of a large aperture optical system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of yet another method of modeling aberrations of a large aperture optical system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a large aperture optical system aberration correcting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a computer device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The following describes a large-caliber optical system aberration modeling method and a correction system according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an aberration modeling method of a large-caliber optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s1, obtaining model parameters of each element of an optical system;
S2, describing a Fresnel diffraction optical process of an optical system from an object to an image based on Fourier optics to construct a differentiable optical model;
S3, describing the aberration of the optical system by utilizing a Zernike polynomial to perform phase modulation on the differentiable optical model, and outputting the model parameter input modulated differentiable optical model to obtain a first point spread function image of the optical system.
It can be understood that the invention establishes a global differentiable model of the optical system, simulates all physical processes of an object point from the input end to the output end of the system, and describes optical processes of the optical system from an object to an image based on Fourier optics, such as Fresnel diffraction. The aberration of the optical system is described using a zernike polynomial and added to the optical system to form a phase modulation. The optical system model may describe the imaging process of an object point at the object plane to the image plane.
It will be appreciated that in the modeling stage of the present invention, the aberration of the optical system may be represented in other ways, not limited to the aberration representation of the zernike polynomials, but only by adding the aberration to the differentiable model by phase modulation in a form that can be differentially optimized.
Further, the optimization is performed based on a modeling process, as shown in fig. 2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an object point is placed on an object plane of an actual optical system, and a point spread function image of the actual optical system is acquired on an image plane, which is a second point spread function image in the embodiment of the present invention.
It is understood that in an optical imaging system, the object plane refers to the plane in front of the optical system where the light emitted by the light source passes, and on this plane, the object point is placed, i.e. an ideal point light source or a very small light point is placed. When these rays pass through the optical system, they converge to form an image point on the image plane, but in practice, due to factors such as aberrations of the optical system, diffraction effects, and system resolution, the image point is no longer an ideal point, but a distribution of a certain shape and size, which is called a point spread function (Point Spread Function, abbreviated PSF).
Therefore, in experiments, in order to obtain a point spread function image of an actual optical system, a sufficiently small light source (such as a laser point or a micro aperture) is usually placed on an object plane, and a high-sensitivity detector (such as a CCD camera or a CMOS camera) is used to capture an image of a light spot passing through the optical system on an image plane. The point spread function of the optical system can be obtained by analyzing the image. The point spread function describes the shape and intensity distribution of the response of the system to a point light source on the object plane, and is an important tool for evaluating the imaging quality, resolution, aberration and other characteristics of the optical system.
In one embodiment of the invention, the input model parameters include: magnification, focal length, numerical aperture, and microlens array information of the lens, and the like.
In one embodiment of the invention, model parameters of each component in the optical system are input into a constructed global differentiable model, and the model output obtains a point spread function pattern without aberration under ideal conditions, namely a first point spread function image in the embodiment of the invention.
It is appreciated that in the field of modern optical design and simulation, the use of global differentiable models to predict and analyze the performance of optical systems has become an advanced approach. In this case, the engineer or researcher inputs information such as geometric parameters, material properties, and system layout of each element (e.g., lens, mirror, diffraction element, etc.) in the optical system into a global differentiable model. This model is typically constructed based on physical optics principles and numerical algorithms to accurately calculate the propagation and transformation of light beams between components, including but not limited to refraction, reflection, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. From this model, a Point Spread Function (PSF) pattern formed by the optical system in response to a point light source in the object plane without taking into account aberrations (ideal) can be simulated.
Thus, embodiments of the present invention input detailed parameters of the optical system into this globally differentiable model, which will output a point spread function image produced by the optical system under ideal conditions without aberrations. This PSF pattern can help the designer understand the theoretical limit resolution of the system, providing basis for further optimizing the system design, compensating aberrations, and evaluating the actual system performance.
In one embodiment of the invention, the invention takes each coefficient of the Zernike polynomial as an optimized variable, calculates ideal and actual point spread functions, namely, errors between a first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image as a loss function, updates and optimizes the values of each coefficient of the Zernike polynomial in a gradient back transmission mode until the difference between the point spread function output by the global differentiable model of the aberration described by the added Zernike polynomial and the point spread function of an actual system is smaller than delta, and stops optimization. And taking the final value of the optimized variable as each coefficient of a Zernike polynomial, and modeling to obtain the Zernike polynomial, namely the calculated optical system aberration.
It will be appreciated that the optimization stage of the present invention may use different optimizers and optimization strategies for optimizing the aberration plane parameters.
According to the aberration modeling method for the large-caliber optical system, provided by the embodiment of the invention, any layer in the optimization model can be returned through the gradient according to the output information of the model, so that the forward propagation of the whole optical system can be reversely pushed and analyzed layer by layer. The co-workers use a gradient optimization mode to solve the problem of aberration estimation, and continuously optimize, calculate and estimate the system aberration through the error between the pattern of the point spread function output by the optical system and the ideal pattern. The aberration can also be estimated by the point spread function at the output of the optical system without the need for complex experiments with additional equipment inside the system, so that the model complexity of the aberration estimation is greatly reduced and the operation is easier.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a large-aperture optical system aberration correcting system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
A model parameter acquisition module 100 for acquiring model parameters of respective elements of the optical system;
an optical model construction module 200 for describing a fresnel diffractive optical process of the optical system from object to image based on fourier optics to construct a differentiable optical model;
an image data calculation module 300, configured to describe an aberration of the optical system by using a zernike polynomial to perform phase modulation on the differentiable optical model, and input the model parameters into the modulated differentiable optical model to output a first point spread function image of the optical system;
the optical aberration correction module 400 is configured to obtain an optical system aberration based on the first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image.
Further, the model parameters include: magnification, focal length, numerical aperture, and microlens array information of the lens.
Further, an object point is placed on an object plane of the optical system, so as to acquire a second point spread function image of the optical system on an image plane.
Further, the optical aberration correction module 400 is further configured to:
taking various coefficients of a Zernike polynomial as optimized variables, and calculating errors between a first point spread function image and the second point spread function image to serve as a loss function;
updating and optimizing the value of each term coefficient of the Zernike polynomial in a gradient feedback mode, and comparing the errors of the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image with a preset threshold value to obtain a loss calculation result;
And taking the final value of the optimized variable as each coefficient of the Zernike polynomial based on the loss calculation result to obtain the aberration of the optical system.
According to the optical field element visual imaging method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a globally differentiable model of the optical system is established, so that forward propagation of the whole optical system can be reversely pushed and analyzed layer by layer, the problem of aberration calculation is solved by using a gradient optimization mode, no complex experiment is required to be carried out in the system, the complexity of the estimated model of the aberration is greatly reduced, the operation is easier, and the method can be used for aberration modeling and correction of a large-caliber optical system.
In order to implement the method of the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a computer device, as shown in fig. 4, the computer device 600 includes a memory 601, and a processor 602; wherein the processor 602 runs a program corresponding to executable program code stored in the memory 601 by reading the executable program code for implementing the steps of the above-described method.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
Claims (5)
1. An aberration modeling method for a large-caliber optical system, comprising the steps of:
obtaining model parameters of each element of the optical system;
describing a fresnel diffraction optical process of the optical system from object to image based on fourier optics to construct a differentiable optical model;
Describing the aberration of the optical system by using a Zernike polynomial to perform phase modulation on the differentiable optical model, and outputting the model parameter input modulated differentiable optical model to obtain a first point spread function image of the optical system;
after obtaining the first point spread function image of the optical system, the method further comprises:
obtaining optical system aberration based on the first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image;
Placing an object point on an object plane of the optical system to acquire the second point spread function image of the optical system on an image plane;
Obtaining an optical system aberration based on the first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image, including:
taking various coefficients of a Zernike polynomial as optimized variables, and calculating errors between the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image to serve as a loss function;
updating and optimizing the value of each term coefficient of the Zernike polynomial in a gradient feedback mode, and comparing the errors of the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image with a preset threshold value to obtain a loss calculation result;
And taking the final value of the optimized variable as each coefficient of a Zernike polynomial based on the loss calculation result to obtain the aberration of the optical system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the model parameters comprise: magnification, focal length, numerical aperture, and microlens array information of the lens.
3. An aberration correction system for a large-caliber optical system, comprising:
A model parameter acquisition module for acquiring model parameters of each element of the optical system;
an optical model construction module for describing a fresnel diffractive optical process of the optical system from object to image based on fourier optics to construct a differentiable optical model;
the image data calculation module is used for describing the aberration of the optical system by utilizing a Zernike polynomial so as to carry out phase modulation on the differentiable optical model, and inputting the model parameters into the modulated differentiable optical model to output a first point spread function image of the optical system;
The optical aberration correction module is used for obtaining optical system aberration based on the first point spread function image and a preset second point spread function image;
Placing an object point on an object plane of the optical system to acquire the second point spread function image of the optical system on an image plane;
the optical aberration correction module is further configured to:
taking various coefficients of a Zernike polynomial as optimized variables, and calculating errors between the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image to serve as a loss function;
updating and optimizing the value of each term coefficient of the Zernike polynomial in a gradient feedback mode, and comparing the errors of the first point spread function image and the second point spread function image with a preset threshold value to obtain a loss calculation result;
And taking the final value of the optimized variable as each coefficient of a Zernike polynomial based on the loss calculation result to obtain the aberration of the optical system.
4. A system according to claim 3, wherein the model parameters include: magnification, focal length, numerical aperture, and microlens array information of the lens.
5. A computer device comprising a processor and a memory;
Wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading the executable program code stored in the memory for realizing the large-caliber optical system aberration modeling method according to claim 1.
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| FR3055727B1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2019-10-11 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHARACTERIZING ABERRATIONS OF AN OPTICAL SYSTEM |
| CN110346340B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江大学 | Machine learning rapid aberration measurement system and method based on wavefront sensor |
| CN115170429A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-11 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Deep learning-based depth of field extension method and system for underwater in-situ microscopic imager |
| CN117975519A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-03 | 苏州涟漪信息科技有限公司 | Model training and image generating method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN109031684A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-18 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of photon screen Aberration Analysis method |
| CN109528161A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-29 | 浙江大学 | A kind of high speed and high resoltuion scanning microscopy imaging System and method for based on machine learning |
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