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CN118263693A - Gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on zero-phase shift transmission line - Google Patents

Gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on zero-phase shift transmission line Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118263693A
CN118263693A CN202410522757.0A CN202410522757A CN118263693A CN 118263693 A CN118263693 A CN 118263693A CN 202410522757 A CN202410522757 A CN 202410522757A CN 118263693 A CN118263693 A CN 118263693A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
arc
gain
frequency
transmission line
copper
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Pending
Application number
CN202410522757.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋晨阳
王子豪
梁啸
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Aerospace Information Research Institute of CAS
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Aerospace Information Research Institute of CAS
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Priority to CN202410522757.0A priority Critical patent/CN118263693A/en
Publication of CN118263693A publication Critical patent/CN118263693A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on a zero-phase shift transmission line, and belongs to the technical field of antenna design. The antenna adopts a parallel plate transmission line loaded by a gap to form a metamaterial annular transmission line, and is loaded with an adjustable resistor and a variable capacitor to realize gain and frequency reconstruction. The antenna works at the zero-order resonance of the metamaterial structure, the frequency tuning range covers a global main ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification frequency band, strong magnetic field and horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation can be generated at high gain, and far/near field identification can be performed at the same time; the antenna can generate a strong magnetic field and a far-field gain smaller than-7 dB when the gain is low, only identifies the near field, effectively avoids misreading, has small size, has miniaturization capability, and can effectively improve the capability of the existing radio frequency identification system.

Description

Gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on zero-phase shift transmission line
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna design, and particularly relates to a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on a zero-phase shift transmission line.
Background
With the continuous development of the internet of things technology, a radio frequency identification technology serving as one of key interfaces of the digital world and the physical world of the internet of things is widely applied. The antenna is used as a key component for electromagnetic wave radiation and reception, and the performance of the antenna is critical to the system.
The radio frequency identification system generally uses far-field directional antennas, the read-write distance is far, the coverage area is fixed, and the near-field identification rate is limited, so for different radio frequency identification system deployment scenes, a reader-writer, an antenna system and a deployment strategy with specific working frequency and coverage area are often required to be formulated aiming at the local policy and the use scene, which affects the performance and universality of the radio frequency identification system and increases the cost of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on a zero-phase shift transmission line, which realizes the surface current with zero phase shift according to the characteristics of the metamaterial transmission line in zero-order resonance, so that the antenna has strong magnetic field distribution in a near field region and horizontal polarized omnidirectional radiation in a far field region, and the gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna is formed by introducing a tunable device. The antenna is used for a radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) system, and has the advantages of wide coverage of far and near fields, adjustable frequency, adjustable gain, horizontal polarization, small volume, light weight and low cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultra-high frequency antenna based on a zero phase shift transmission line comprises a circular dielectric substrate, copper-clad structures etched on the upper and lower surfaces of the circular dielectric substrate, and discrete devices,
The copper-clad structure etched on the upper surface of the circular dielectric substrate comprises N circular arc structures which are uniformly and orderly distributed at intervals in a circumferential manner, the copper-clad structure etched on the lower surface of the circular dielectric substrate comprises M circular arc structures which are uniformly and orderly distributed at intervals in a circumferential manner, M=N-1, M and N are natural numbers, wherein N is more than or equal to 5, M is more than or equal to 4, M is an even number, and N=M+1; the N-2 arc structures on the upper surface are equal in size and radius to the M arc structures on the lower surface, the arc structures on the upper surface except for the N-2 arc structures are a first arc structure and a second arc structure, the first arc and the second arc are half of the lengths of other arcs respectively, and a preset gap is reserved between the first arc and the second arc for feeding;
The discrete device comprises a first variable resistor, a second variable resistor, a first variable capacitor and a second variable capacitor, wherein a preset gap for feeding is used as a starting point on the upper surface, when M is less than or equal to 8, the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor are respectively loaded at a first arc interval which is encountered in the anticlockwise direction and a second arc interval which is encountered in the clockwise direction, and when M is more than 8, the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor are respectively loaded at an M/2-1 th arc interval which is encountered in the anticlockwise direction and an M/2-1 th arc interval which is encountered in the clockwise direction; the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor are removed, and the first variable capacitor and the second variable capacitor are respectively loaded at two arc intervals which are farthest from a preset gap for feeding;
the projections of the copper-clad structures on the upper surface and the lower surface in the vertical direction are alternately distributed, so that a multi-section gap-loaded parallel metal plate transmission line is formed, which is equivalent to the introduction of a left flashlight capacitor into the parallel metal plate transmission line, so that a metamaterial transmission line with a variable phase constant is formed, and when the metamaterial transmission line works at the zero-order resonant frequency, a zero-phase shift transmission line is formed.
Further, the alternate distribution includes a center of each section of the upper surface of the copper clad projected at a gap position between every two arcs of the lower surface, and a center of each section of the lower surface of the copper clad projected at a gap position between every two arcs of the upper surface.
Further, the round dielectric substrate is an epoxy glass fiber board, the dielectric constant is 4.35, the loss tangent is 0.02, the thickness is 1.6mm, the radius is 52.5mm, and the thickness of the copper-clad structures on the upper surface and the lower surface is 0.035mm.
Further, the phase constant of the transmission line is 0 at the zero-order resonance position, and the current is transmitted in phase along the circular ring to form a zero-phase shift transmission line ring-shaped antenna, so that the transmission line has the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation and horizontal polarization;
Further, the radiation resistance of the antenna can be changed by changing the resistance value of the variable resistor, so that the gain is reconfigurable;
Further, the capacitance value of the series capacitor is changed by the change of the capacitance value of the variable capacitor, so that the frequency of zero-order resonance is changed, and the working frequency is reconfigurable;
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The gain and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the zero phase shift transmission line is realized by utilizing the double-layer PCB structure, the antenna is used for supporting an RFID reader-writer system, and the in-phase annular surface current is realized through the zero-order resonance characteristic of the metamaterial transmission line, so that horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation is obtained in a far field, strong magnetic field distribution is obtained in a near field, and the RFID tag read-write coverage area is enhanced; by introducing the variable capacitor, the serial capacitor of the metamaterial transmission line is changed, so that the frequency reconfigurability is obtained, and the RFID read-write frequency can be adjusted according to different radio frequency standards; through introducing the variable resistor, the regulation and control of the antenna radiation resistance is realized, so that the gain reconfigurability is obtained, the tag read-write coverage area can be effectively enlarged when the gain is maximum, far-field and near-field tags are covered simultaneously, the missing reading is avoided, the far-field gain is low when the gain is minimum, the far-field misreading can be effectively avoided, the near-field magnetic field strength is still strong, and the missing reading of the near field can be avoided. The antenna has the advantages of horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation, low design complexity, low profile, small volume, light weight, low cost, adjustable gain and frequency and the like, can also realize coverage of different frequency bands by changing the size of the copper-clad structure of the antenna, provides a high-performance reconfigurable antenna unit for an RFID reader-writer, and is beneficial to realization, deployment and overall performance improvement of an RFID system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an overall gain and frequency reconfigurable ultra-high frequency antenna based on a zero phase shift transmission line according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultra-high frequency antenna based on a zero phase shift transmission line in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultra-high frequency antenna based on a zero phase shift transmission line according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of a gain and frequency reconfigurable uhf antenna based on a zero-phase shift transmission line in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of antenna processing dimensions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the current distribution of the antenna surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing return loss measurement of an antenna in different modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention in different gain modes of the variable capacitor R T at 920 MHz;
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention in different gain modes of the variable capacitor R T at 920 MHz;
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic field strength from the antenna in different gain modes of the variable capacitance R T at 920 MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As described above, the invention provides a gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on a zero phase shift transmission line, which comprises a circular dielectric substrate, copper-clad structures etched on the upper and lower surfaces of the circular dielectric substrate, and discrete devices, wherein the copper-clad structures etched on the upper surface of the circular dielectric substrate comprise N circular arc structures which are uniformly and orderly distributed in a circumferential manner and at intervals, the copper-clad structures etched on the lower surface of the circular dielectric substrate comprise M circular arc structures which are uniformly and orderly distributed in a circumferential manner and at intervals, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the upper n=7 circular arcs and the lower m=6 circular arcs are used as examples, and the gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on the zero phase shift transmission line is a double-layer PCB structure and comprises an upper copper-clad structure 2, a lower copper-clad structure 3, a circular dielectric substrate 4 and discrete devices.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the circular dielectric substrate 4 is an epoxy glass fiber board, the dielectric constant is 4.35, the loss tangent is 0.02, the thickness is 1.6mm, the radius is 52.5mm, and the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate are coated with electrolytic copper with copper structures 2 and 3 of 0.035 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the discrete device includes first and second variable resistors 20 and 21 welded to the gap between the second and third arc-shaped copper covers 10 and 11 and the sixth and seventh arc-shaped copper covers 14 and 15, respectively, the resistance value adjustable range is 0.5-15 Ohm, the discrete device further includes first and second variable capacitors 22 and 23 welded to the gap between the fourth and fifth arc-shaped copper covers 13 and 14 and the fifth and sixth arc-shaped copper covers 12 and 13, respectively, the bias voltage variation range is 0-30V, and the corresponding capacitance value variation range is 18.7-2.1 pF (typical value); by introducing the variable capacitor, the serial capacitor of the metamaterial transmission line is changed, so that the frequency reconfigurability is obtained, and the RFID read-write frequency can be adjusted according to different radio frequency standards; by introducing the variable resistor, the radiation resistance of the antenna is regulated and controlled, so that the gain reconfigurability is obtained, and it is understood that the loading of the variable capacitor and the variable resistor is only specific to a specific example of 'upper layer n=7 sections of circular arcs and lower layer m=6 sections of circular arcs', and when M and N change, the corresponding positions of the variable capacitor and the variable resistor can still be obtained through the adjustment of the working frequency, the input impedance and the parameters of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the slot feed port 1 is located between the first and second circular arc-shaped copper clad 16 and 10 intervals of the top layer copper clad structure 2; the first and second arc-shaped copper covers 16 and 10 are the same segment of arc-shaped copper, a gap is etched from the center of the arc to serve as a feed port 1 due to feed requirements, the bottom layer copper cover structure is composed of multiple segments of arc-shaped copper covers, namely eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth arc-shaped copper covers 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35, under the condition that the feed gap is not considered, the combination of the first and second arc-shaped copper covers 16 and 10 without grooves and the other arc-shaped copper covers are equal in size and radius, the arc-shaped copper covers are uniformly and periodically distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the circular dielectric substrate, the arc-shaped copper covers of the top layer and the bottom layer are mutually alternated, and the gap of the arc-shaped copper covers on the upper surface appears at the center of the arc-shaped copper covers on the lower surface.
The antenna size diagram shown in fig. 5 is shown in a top perspective view of a printed circuit board, wherein the variable resistance ranges from 0.5 to 15 Ohm, and the typical capacitance corresponding to a variable capacitance bias voltage of 0 to 30V is 18.7 pF to 2.1 pF; the copper foil is adopted in the copper-clad structure of the top layer and the bottom layer of the double-layer PCB in the embodiment, and the specific size is designed as follows:
(a) The copper foils of the top layer and the bottom layer are circular arcs with the radius of 21.5mm and the angle of 54 degrees, the corresponding length is 20.25mm, and the width is 1.5mm;
(b) The overlapped part of the top layer copper foil and the bottom layer copper foil is an arc with the radius of 21.5mm and the angle of 24 degrees, and the corresponding length is 9 mm;
(c) The clearance between two sections of arc copper-clad on the same layer is an arc gap with the angle of 21.5mm and the angle of 6 degrees, and the corresponding length is 2.25 mm;
(d) The feed gap is formed by cutting off a section of top circular arc-shaped copper-clad by a rectangular gap with the width of 1.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, the current distribution diagram of the antenna surface provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the arrow direction is the current direction, and the arrow depth is the current intensity, which illustrates that the embodiment realizes the in-phase surface current.
As shown in fig. 7, in the graph, R T is a variable resistance value, V b is a bias voltage, the zero-order resonant frequency of the antenna is changed along with the bias voltage of the variable capacitor, the frequency reconfigurable range can reach 840-980 MHz, the change of the variable resistance value will affect the S 11 return loss parameter, and the S 11 return loss parameter of the antenna is smaller than-10 dB in the frequency reconfigurable range, so that the requirement of the ultra-high frequency RFID can be satisfied.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the ultra-high frequency antenna based on gain and frequency reconstruction of the zero phase shift transmission line can generate omnidirectional radiation with horizontal polarization. The gain of the antenna is inhibited along with the resistance change of the variable resistor, the reconfigurable range of the gain of the antenna is about 0 dB to-7.1 dB, and the misreading of the far-field RFID tag can be effectively avoided at the gain of-7.1 dB.
As shown in fig. 10, the ultra-high frequency antenna based on the gain and frequency reconfiguration of the zero phase shift transmission line can generate a large-scale strong magnetic field distribution on the XY plane with different heights Z from the antenna plane, and can effectively cover the omnidirectional far-field tag and the near-field tag when the far-field gain is highest (R T =0.5 Ohm), thereby maximizing the read-write coverage area; when the far-field gain is the lowest (R T =15 Ohm), the magnetic field intensity can still generate a magnetic field which is stronger than-33 dBA/m on the XY plane of Z=100 mm, and the tag coverage capability of the near-field mode can be effectively ensured.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on the zero phase shift transmission line is characterized by comprising a circular dielectric substrate, copper-clad structures etched on the upper surface and the lower surface of the circular dielectric substrate, and discrete devices, wherein,
The copper-clad structure etched on the upper surface of the circular dielectric substrate comprises N circular arc structures which are uniformly and orderly distributed at intervals in a circumferential manner, and the copper-clad structure etched on the lower surface of the circular dielectric substrate comprises M circular arc structures which are uniformly and orderly distributed at intervals in a circumferential manner, wherein N is more than or equal to 5, M is more than or equal to 4, M is an even number, and N=M+1; the N-2 arc structures on the upper surface are equal in size and radius to the M arc structures on the lower surface, the arc structures on the upper surface except for the N-2 arc structures are a first arc structure and a second arc structure, the first arc and the second arc are half of the lengths of other arcs respectively, and a preset gap is reserved between the first arc and the second arc for feeding;
The discrete device comprises a first variable resistor, a second variable resistor, a first variable capacitor and a second variable capacitor, wherein a preset gap for feeding is used as a starting point on the upper surface, when M is less than or equal to 8, the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor are respectively loaded at a first arc interval which is encountered in the anticlockwise direction and a second arc interval which is encountered in the clockwise direction, and when M is more than 8, the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor are respectively loaded at an M/2-1 th arc interval which is encountered in the anticlockwise direction and an M/2-1 th arc interval which is encountered in the clockwise direction; the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor are removed, and the first variable capacitor and the second variable capacitor are respectively loaded at two arc intervals which are farthest from a preset gap for feeding;
the projections of the copper-clad structures on the upper surface and the lower surface in the vertical direction are alternately distributed.
2. The ultra-high frequency antenna with reconfigurable gain and frequency based on zero phase shift transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the mutual alternating distribution includes a projection of a gap position between every two arcs of the lower surface at a center of each segment of the arc copper on the upper surface, and a projection of a gap position between every two arcs of the upper surface at a center of each segment of the arc copper on the lower surface.
3. The ultra-high frequency antenna based on zero phase shift transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the circular dielectric substrate is an epoxy glass fiber board, the dielectric constant is 4.35, the loss tangent is 0.02, the thickness is 1.6mm, the radius is 52.5mm, and the thickness of the copper-clad structures on the upper and lower surfaces is 0.035mm.
CN202410522757.0A 2024-04-28 2024-04-28 Gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on zero-phase shift transmission line Pending CN118263693A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410522757.0A CN118263693A (en) 2024-04-28 2024-04-28 Gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on zero-phase shift transmission line

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410522757.0A CN118263693A (en) 2024-04-28 2024-04-28 Gain and frequency reconfigurable ultrahigh frequency antenna based on zero-phase shift transmission line

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN118263693A true CN118263693A (en) 2024-06-28

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