CN118221967A - 一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法,属于抗菌水凝胶技术领域,所述方法包括以下步骤:S1.NaOH和尿素溶解于去离子水中得到尿素碱溶液预冷后加入纤维素纳米纤维,室温下搅拌均匀,离心收集滤液;S2.(3‑氯‑2‑羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液滴加到纳米纤维素溶液中,反应后中和,冷冻干燥得到季铵化纤维素;S3.去离子水中加入季铵化纤维素和聚乙烯醇,溶解分散后再加入丙烯酸和交联剂,得到混合溶液,降温至60℃,静置15~18min,再加入引发剂后振荡均匀,于60℃反应6~6.5h;制备得到双网络型抗菌水凝胶具有良好力学性能和生物相容性,且溶胀率高、抗菌能力强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌水凝胶技术领域,具体涉及一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
伤口敷料作为暂时性皮肤替代物,在伤口愈合中扮演着重要角色。传统敷料如纱布、棉垫和绷带等,虽具有止血、吸收伤口渗出液、保护创面免受细菌感染等作用,但不具备主动抗菌抗炎功能,且可能引起渗漏和黏连结痂,甚至可阻碍伤口愈合进程。随着对创面愈合的深入研究,对伤口敷料的功能也提出了更多要求。
水凝胶是一种高度亲水的三维网络聚合物,具有良好的生物相容性,溶胀性和机械性能类似于软组织细胞外基质等特点。水凝胶通常通过化学交联和物理交联等方法制备。新型水凝胶伤口敷料在止血、促进组织再生、再上皮化和伤口愈合过程中所需的其他功能方面显示出良好的应用潜力。例如,水凝胶伤口敷料可以在伤口修复过程中提供长期稳定的潮湿环境,这有助于新造粒的生长,并使细胞活力和细胞分裂处于相对有利的环境中,以促进伤口愈合。此外,水凝胶伤口敷料可以物理粘附在组织界面上或与天然组织蛋白中的活性基团反应,通过组合物设计提供化学粘附,从而密封伤口并加速止血。水凝胶敷料还可以通过引入抗炎成分或介导伤口微环境的pH值来实现良好的抗炎功能。它们可以降低伤口温度和伤口血管扩张对周围神经纤维的压力,从而减轻患者的疼痛。同时,水凝胶伤口敷料具有良好的分泌吸收作用,氧气传递性和变形性,有助于伤口修复。因此,许多研究人员目前正在致力于设计和制备先进的水凝胶伤口敷料。
衍生自多糖的生物聚合物水凝胶可作为药物递送的载体系统和去除污染物的吸附剂。生物聚合物水凝胶因其丰度、低毒性、生物相容性、生物降解性和可调官能度性而具有探索优势。纤维素是一种丰富且可再生的生物材料,具有机械强度、生物相容性、亲水性和相对热稳定性等独特性能。由于纤维素(或其衍生物)是一种长链线性聚合物,并且含有丰富的亲水官能团,包括羟基,羧基和醛基,因此易于相互修饰和交联,这使得纤维素或其衍生物成为合成水凝胶的理想原料。然而,虽然纤维素水凝胶膜具有良好的物理性能和生物相容性,但其本身不具有抗菌性,通过羟基反应在纤维素分子上接枝季铵化集团,赋予纤维素对致病微生物的抗菌抑菌作用。但是季铵化改性后的纤维素的抗菌型水凝胶力学性能差、粘附性差,随着接枝的季铵盐分子链长度的增加,其成膜性降低,甚至不能单独成膜,限制了抗菌纤维素在医用材料领域的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中季铵化改性后的纤维素抗菌型水凝胶力学能力差、粘附性能较差的问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.NaOH和尿素溶解于去离子水中得到尿素碱溶液,将其预冷至-11~-12℃后,再加入纤维素纳米纤维,室温(25~30℃)下搅拌均匀,离心收集滤液得到纳米纤维素溶液;
S2.将(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液滴加到纳米纤维素溶液中,室温搅拌反应得到的产物用盐酸中和至pH=7后,冷冻干燥得到白色粉末状的季铵化纤维素;
S3.向去离子水中加入季铵化纤维素和聚乙烯醇,在温度为85~95℃条件下,搅拌直至聚乙烯醇和季铵化纤维素完全溶解形成均质溶液,再加入丙烯酸和交联剂,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15~18min以形成水凝胶第一网络,再加入引发剂后振荡均匀,于60℃反应6~6.5h以形成水凝胶第二网络,最终制备得到具有双网络结构的抗菌水凝胶。
进一步地,所述S1中NaOH、尿素和去离子水的用量比为7g:12g:81mL。
进一步地,所述S1中纤维素纳米纤维和尿素碱溶液的用量比为12g:100mL。
进一步地,所述S2中(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液的浓度为62~67%。
进一步地,所述S2中(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液和纳米纤维素溶液的用量比为8~11mL:110~115mL。
进一步地,所述S2中搅拌反应时间为24~25h。
进一步地,所述S2中盐酸浓度为2mo l/L。
进一步地,所述S1中搅拌速率为300rpm,S2中搅拌速率为400rpm,S3中搅拌速率为200rpm。
进一步地,所述S3中交联剂为N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
进一步地,所述S3中引发剂为过硫酸铵。
进一步地,所述S3中季铵化纤维素、聚乙烯醇、去离子水、丙烯酸、交联剂和引发剂的用量比为0.1~0.4g:0.5~2.2g:20mL:3.8~4.2g:15~16mg:0.05~0.07g。
一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶,由上述制备方法制备而成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明提供了一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法,利用聚丙烯酸水溶液中季铵化纤维素和聚乙烯醇的原位聚合,在聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸和季铵化纤维素之间形成非共价键,制备得到的季铵化改性纤维素抗菌型水凝胶是一种新型的复合型季铵化纤维素/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸双网络水凝胶,其力学能力强、粘附性能好。
2.本发明制备得到的水凝胶体系中,聚乙烯醇与聚丙烯酸间形成氢键而排列成有序的层状结构,是形成双网络结构水凝胶刚性部分的理想组分之一;纤维素纳米纤维作为增强纳米填料,也是形成双网络结构水凝胶刚性部分的理想组分,进一步增强水凝胶的力学性能;季铵盐因其优越的生物性能作为抗菌添加剂,进一步提高了水凝胶对细菌的抗菌活性以及体外抗氧化能力。由此制备出具有力学性能和粘附性能突出、生物相容性优异、抗氧化能力强和抗菌活性强等优点的复合双网络型水凝胶,有望作为伤口敷料应用于更广泛的生物医学领域。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1是本发明实施例3制备得到的水凝胶的扫描电镜(SEM)图;
图2是本发明实施例3制备得到的水凝胶的拉伸/压缩试验图;
图3是本发明实施例2、实施例3和对比例1中的水凝胶的断裂伸长率测试对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.NaOH和尿素溶解于去离子水中得到尿素碱溶液,其中m(NaOH):m(尿素):V(H2O)=7g:12g:81mL,将其预冷至-11~-12℃后,再按照m(纤维素纳米纤维):V(尿素碱溶液)=12g:100mL的计量比加入纤维素纳米纤维,室温下以300rpm转速搅拌均匀,离心收集滤液得到纳米纤维素溶液;
S2.将浓度为62~67%的(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液滴加到纳米纤维素溶液中,V((3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液):V(纳米纤维素溶液)=8~11mL:110~115mL;室温下,以400rpm转速搅拌反应24h后,得到的产物用2mo l/L的盐酸中和至pH=7后,冷冻干燥得到白色粉末状的季铵化纤维素;
S3.向去离子水中加入季铵化纤维素和聚乙烯醇,在温度为85~95℃条件下,200rpm转速搅拌直至聚乙烯醇和季铵化纤维素完全溶解形成均质溶液,再加入丙烯酸和N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15~18min以形成水凝胶第一网络,再加入过硫酸铵后快速振荡均匀,倒入玻璃模具中,将玻璃模具放入烘箱中,于60℃反应6~6.5h以形成水凝胶第二网络,最终制备得到具有双网络结构的抗菌水凝胶,其中m(季铵化纤维素):m(聚乙烯醇):V(H2O):m(丙烯酸):m(N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺):m(过硫酸铵)=0.1~0.45g:0.5~2.2g:20mL:3.8~4.2g:15~16mg:0.05~0.07g。
实施例1
一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.8.6g NaOH和14.8g尿素溶解于100mL去离子水中得到尿素碱溶液,将其预冷至~12℃后,取100mL尿素碱溶液,加入12g纤维素纳米纤维,室温下以300rpm转速搅拌均匀,5000rpm离心10min,去除杂质,收集滤液得到纳米纤维素溶液;
S2.将9mL浓度为65%的(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液滴加到112mL纳米纤维素溶液中;室温下,以400rpm转速搅拌反应24h后,得到的产物用2mo l/L的盐酸中和至pH=7,冷冻干燥得到白色粉末状的季铵化纤维素;
S3.向20mL去离子水中加入0.2g粉末状季铵化纤维素和1g粉末状聚乙烯醇,在温度为90℃条件下,200rpm转速搅拌2h,直至聚乙烯醇和季铵化纤维素完全溶解形成均质溶液,再加入4g丙烯酸和15.7mg N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15min以形成水凝胶第一网络,再加入0.06g过硫酸铵后快速振荡均匀,倒入玻璃模具中,将玻璃模具放入烘箱中,于60℃反应6h以形成水凝胶第二网络,最终制备得到具有双网络结构的抗菌水凝胶。
实施例2
一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1和S2同实施例1;
S3.向20mL去离子水中加入0.4g粉末状季铵化纤维素和1g粉末状聚乙烯醇,在温度为90℃条件下、200rpm转速搅拌2h,直至聚乙烯醇和季铵化纤维素完全溶解形成均质溶液,再加入4g丙烯酸和15.7mg N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15min以形成水凝胶第一网络,再加入0.06g过硫酸铵后快速振荡均匀,倒入玻璃模具中,将玻璃模具放入烘箱中,于60℃反应6h以形成水凝胶第二网络,最终制备得到具有双网络结构的抗菌水凝胶。
实施例3
一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1和S2同实施例1;
S3.向20mL去离子水中加入0.4g粉末状季铵化纤维素和2g粉末状聚乙烯醇,在温度为90℃条件下、200rpm转速搅拌2h,直至聚乙烯醇和季铵化纤维素完全溶解形成均质溶液,再加入4g丙烯酸和15.7mg N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15min以形成水凝胶第一网络,再加入0.06g过硫酸铵后快速振荡均匀,倒入玻璃模具中,将玻璃模具放入烘箱中,于60℃反应6h以形成水凝胶第二网络,最终制备得到具有双网络结构的抗菌水凝胶,扫描电镜(SEM)图如图1所示。
对比例1
一种水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向20mL去离子水中加入1g粉末状聚乙烯醇,在温度为90℃条件下、200rpm转速搅拌直至聚乙烯醇完全溶解,再加入4g丙烯酸和15.7mg N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15min,再加入0.06g过硫酸铵,混合均匀后倒入玻璃模具中,于60℃的烘箱中反应6h以制备得到聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸单网络水凝胶。
对实施例1~实施例3和对比例1制备得到的水凝胶进行性能测试:
(1)抗菌性能测试:测试结果见表1;
表1
由表1可知,季铵化纤维素中含有的季铵基团具有较强的抗菌能力以及强抗氧化性。增加季铵化纤维素含量,可以显著提升水凝胶的抗菌性。可见,利用本发明制备的抗菌水凝胶产品,抗菌性能较好。
(2)细胞毒性测试:
通过CCK~8试验测定水凝胶提取液对L929细胞的细胞毒性,将细胞与不同浓度的水凝胶提取液一起培养24h,最后通过将培养基放入酶标仪来测量450nm处的光密度(OD)值,计算出样品的细胞存活率,从而评估水凝胶的生物相容性,具体结果见表2:
表2
实施案例 | 细胞存活率/% |
实施例1 | 89 |
实施例2 | 90 |
实施例3 | 92 |
对比例1 | 75 |
本发明制备得到的医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶细胞存活率均大于等于89%,说明该水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性。
对实施例3制备得到的水凝胶进行拉伸/压缩试验,测试图如图2所示,施加外力按压后,水凝胶立即恢复原状;此外,利用电子万能材料试验机对实施例2、实施例3和对比例1所制备得到的水凝胶进行测试,测试结果如图3所示,由图3可知,对比例1的水凝胶断裂伸长率为258%,而实施例3的水凝胶断裂伸长率为374%,明显高于单网络结构水凝胶,显示出良好的力学性能。
综上,本发明提供了一种利用聚丙烯酸水溶液中季铵化纤维素和聚乙烯醇的原位聚合,在聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸和季铵化纤维素之间形成非共价键,制备出一类新型的双网络抗菌水凝胶。相较于传统的单层网络水凝胶,由季铵盐改性的纤维素纳米纤维,进一步提高了水凝胶对细菌的抗菌活性以及体外抗氧化能力,制备出具有良好力学性能、溶胀率高、抗菌能力强和生物相容性能优异等优点的双网络型水凝胶,其在生物医学领域中具有巨大的应用潜力。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.NaOH和尿素溶解于去离子水中得到尿素碱溶液,将其预冷至-11~-12℃后,再加入纤维素纳米纤维,室温下搅拌均匀,离心收集滤液得到纳米纤维素溶液;
S2.将(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液滴加到纳米纤维素溶液中,室温搅拌反应24~25h得到的产物用盐酸中和后,冷冻干燥得到季铵化纤维素;
S3.向去离子水中加入季铵化纤维素和聚乙烯醇,在温度为85~95℃条件下,搅拌直至溶解,再加入丙烯酸和交联剂,继续搅拌至完全溶解得到混合溶液;将混合溶液温度降至60℃,静置15~18min,再加入引发剂后振荡均匀,于60℃反应6~6.5h,制备得到抗菌水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中NaOH、尿素和去离子水的用量比为7g:12g:81mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中纤维素纳米纤维和尿素碱溶液的用量比为12g:100mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液的浓度为62~67%,盐酸浓度为2mo l/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵水溶液和纳米纤维素溶液的用量比为8~11mL:110~115mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中搅拌速率为300rpm,S2中搅拌速率为400rpm,S3中搅拌速率为200rpm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3中交联剂为N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3中引发剂为过硫酸铵。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3中季铵化纤维素、聚乙烯醇、去离子水、丙烯酸、交联剂和引发剂的用量比为0.1~0.4g:0.5~2.2g:20mL:3.8~4.2g:15~16mg:0.05~0.07g。
10.一种医用敷料用抗菌水凝胶,其特征在于,由权利要求1~权利要求9任意一项制备方法制备而成。
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